railML

The development of railML was initiated in early 2002 by the Fraunhofer-IVI (Dresden, Germany) and the ETH Zürich – IVT (Zurich, Switzerland) against the background of the chronic difficulty of connecting different railway IT applications.[4] railML is changed and adapted to the needs of railway infrastructure managers (IMs) and railway undertakings (RUs) within discussions.[2][5] The first stable version 1.0 was released in 2005 for productive usage.[3] Up to now the versions 1.0; 1.1; 2.0 to 2.5 were released for download and productive use. railML's version 3 with a new topology model based on RailTopoModel and other evolutions was under development since mid 2015 to be released as beta in mid 2016[6] and finally released with 3.1 for productive use in February 2019 and evolved to 3.2 in 2022. In 2015 a viewer and validator programme for railML data named railVIVID was released.

railML (railway mark-up language) is a common exchange format, which employs XML for the description of rail-specific data. railML enables the exchange of railway data between internal and external railway applications. railML is developed within the so-called “railML consortium” from railML.org. The model language of railML is UML and the documentation language is English. Every railML developer and user is invited to contribute or propose scheme extensions.

Applications can exchange data via railML either via exporting respectively importing railML files, or as a direct inter-process communication via TCP/IP.[7]

The usage of railML is possible at no charge as long as users register at railML.org, do not redistribute or modify the code, and do not use railML commercially. It is a free data exchange format but not open due to being licensed under a heavily restricted and non-permissive Creative Commons license.

Versions 0.x and 1.x were licensed under a proprietary license, where version 0.x was intended only for internal use and shared within the consortium.[8]

Version 2.0 to 2.2 used to be licensed with the Creative Commons license CC-BY-NC-SA until June 2013. Since July 2013 all versions from 2.0 onward were offered parallelly either with a commercial usable CC-BY-ND (V 3) license or with a restricted CC-BY-NC-ND (V 3) license. The organization behind railML claims that the restrictions preventing redistribution and modifications are for quality control purposes, the means of which is requiring application developers to purchase a certification.[8]

Version 3.x is licensed under the same Creative Commons conditions, but in CC version 4.0. With this railML.org adapts the enhancements made by CC and garanties schema user the same usage rights as in previous years and railML versions.[9]

The Logo and the word railML are a registered as trademarks by the railML consortium at the EUIPO.[8]

Legal entity for the so-called railML consortium is the railML.org e.V. a registered non-profit association by German law (registration number VR 5750 at the local court in Dresden/Germany) since April 23, 2012.

This sub-schema serves the exchange of detailed timetables. Particularly, the schema is designed for the following information:[10]

• Train running times (arrivals, departures and passing times)
• Operating Periods: the days on which a train is operated
• Train Parts: scheduling and routing information for through coaches in trains, e.g. the Orient Express on the traject from Budapest to Beograd on Mondays.
• Trains: a collection of train parts, adding up to the colloquial perspective, e.g. the Orient Express.
• Rostering: Circulation plans for rolling stock, linked with Train Parts.

The focus of this sub-schema is the infrastructure of railway networks.[11] Important aspects are:

• Network topology
• Coordinates
• Geometry: track geometry (gradient, curve radius)
• Railway infrastructure elements: inventory like balises and signals
• Further located elements: abstract things that cannot be touched but located, like speed limits and track condition

While the Infrastructure sub-schema is focused on immobile assets, Rolling stock describes assets circulating in the network.[12]

• Vehicles
• Formations: the combination of vehicles as a train
• Tractive effort of locomotives and motor units

• Signal aspects derived from train routes through stations

Example for a time table formulated in railML[3]

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<railml xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2000/10/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="timetable.xsd">
	<timetable version="1.1">
		<train trainID="RX 100.2" type="planned" source="opentrack">
			<timetableentries>
				<entry posID="ZU" departure="06:08:00" type="begin"/>
				<entry posID="ZWI" departure="06:10:30" type="pass"/>
				<entry posID="ZOER" arrival="06:16:00" departure="06:17:00" minStopTime="9" type="stop"/>
				<entry posID="WS" departure="06:21:00" type="pass"/>
				<entry posID="DUE" departure="06:23:00" type="pass"/>
				<entry posID="SCW" departure="06:27:00" type="pass"/>
				<entry posID="NAE" departure="06:29:00" type="pass"/>
				<entry posID="UST" arrival="06:34:30" type="stop"/>
			</timetableentries>
		</train>
	</timetable>
</railml>

Line 3 expresses that the employed railML-version is 1.1.

Line 4 bears the train code.

Lines 5 and 15 frame the itinerary with, in this case, 8 itinerary entries.

The itinerary entries in line 6 to 14 have arguments like position ID (e.g. a station), time of departure or arrival, and in line 9 an obligation to stop.

Applications using railML version 2.x include a lot of timetable related programmes like OpenTrack (interactive railway simulator[20]), FBS (planning software for railway operation[21]), Viriato (scheduling system[22]) and OpenTimeTable (real time analysis of network operation data[23]). Applications using railML version 3.x include additionally BIM related infrastructure planning software like VIS All 3D[24] or railway survey systems like GPSinfradat.[25]

A complete list of programmes with (certified) interfaces is available at railML's website of compatible applications.

railVIVID is a free tool provided by UIC and railML.org to validate railML files of version 2.x or higher and to show the content of railML files in some special views. The intention of the tool is to allow less technical users access to data described in railML. Therefore, some sights of railway data can be shown, copied and printed with railVIVID:[26]

• Graphic viewer for Timetable data
• Tabular viewer for Timetable data with spreadsheet export
• Rolling Stock data viewer
• Topologic viewer for Infrastructure data
• Geographic viewer for Infrastructure data
• Schema validator for railML

railVIVID is available via railML's website under terms similar to those of the railML schema. There are binary versions for Microsoft Windows and Java, also the source code was published in Autumn 2015 under the EUPL licence.[27]

Members of railML.org are currently:[29]

• Railways like Austrian Federal Railways, BLS, French Railways, German State Railway, Infrabel, Norwegian Rail Infrastructure Manager, Swiss Federal Railways, ...
• Software manufacturers like Hacon (Hanover/Germany), iRFP (Dresden/Germany), PTV (Karlsruhe/Germany), SMA (Zurich/Switzerland), Trapeze Group (Hamburg/Germany), Siemens (Brunswick/Erlangen/Germany), Thales (Berlin & Ditzingen/Germany), ...
• Authorities like Bavarian Passenger Transport Authority (Munich/Germany), Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (Berlin/Germany), High Speed Two (London/Great Britain), Jernbanedirektoratet (Oslo/Norway), ...
• Universities and Research institutes like Czech Technical University Prague, Dresden University, DLR, ETH Zurich, University of Birmingham, ...

A complete and updated list is published at the website of railML.org community.

railML.org works in the ERIM (abbreviation for European Rail Infrastructure Masterplan[30]) project of the International Union of Railways (UIC) for the development of RailTopoModel as a common data model in the railway sector.[31] Also railML.org cooperates with Eurocontrol and European Union Agency for Railways.