Rakovanite
Rakovanite, (NH4)3Na3(V10O28) · 12H2O; formerly given as Na3(H3V10O28).15H2O; later, the ammonium ion was shown to be present and essential,[4] is a member of the pascoite family. It is a transparent, brittle mineral occurring in the monoclinic crystal system. It is orange in color and has an orange-yellow colored streak. Rakovanite is soft with a Mohs hardness of 1 and a calculated density of 2.407g cm−3. It does not fluoresce in long- or short-wave ultraviolet radiation. Rakovanite crystals are up to one mm in maximum dimension and vary in habit from blocky to prismatic on [001], commonly exhibiting steps and striations parallel to [001]. Its name honors John Rakovan, former professor, Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University,[3] State Mineralogist and Senior Museum Curator, New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources.
| Rakovanite | |
|---|---|
 Well formed rakovanite crystals from the type locality: Sunday Mine, Slick Rock Mining District, San Miguel County, Colorado. | |
| General | |
| Category | Pascoite family |
| Formula (repeating unit) | (NH3)3Na3 [V10O28]12H2O |
| IMA symbol | Rkv[1] |
| Strunz classification | 8.CJ.45 |
| Dana classification | 40.4.7.4 |
| Crystal system | Monoclinic |
| Crystal class | Prismatic (2/m) (same H-M symbol) |
| Space group | P21/n |
| Unit cell | a = 12.0248(17), b = 17.121(3), c = 18.140(3) Å, β 106.242(8)°; Z = 4 |
| Identification | |
| Color | Orange |
| Crystal habit | Blocky to prismatic on [100] |
| Fracture | Conchodial |
| Tenacity | Brittle |
| Mohs scale hardness | 1 |
| Luster | Subadamantine |
| Streak | Orange-yellow |
| Diaphaneity | Transparent |
| Specific gravity | 2.407 (calculated) |
| Optical properties | Biaxial (+) |
| Refractive index | α589nm = 1.776(5) β589nm = 1.803(5) γ589nm = 1.910(6) |
| Birefringence | δ = 0.134 |
| Pleochroism | X light yellow, Y orangish yellow, Z yellowish orange, Z > Y> X |
| 2V angle | 2Vz540nm =58(1); 2Vz589nm = 56(1); 2Vz650nm =53(1)° |
| Dispersion | r < v, strong parallel |
| Other characteristics | Surface relief: very high Orientation: X + b; Z Λ c= 8° in obtuse β It does not fluorescence in long- or short-wave ultraviolent radiation. |
| References | [2][3] |
Occurrence
Rakovanite was found on specimens from the Sunday mine and the West Sunday mine, Slick Rock district, San Miguel County, Colorado, US.[3]
It occurs as crystalline crusts on sandstone fractures in the mine walls of the Sunday and West Sunday mines. The best crystals were found perched on an amorphous dehydrated vanadium phase along with crystals tightly adhered to a corvusite-montroseite matrix.[3]
It forms from the oxidation of montroseite-corvusite assemblages. It is associated calcite, corvusite, hewettite, hughesite, montroseite, munirite, paramontroseite, pascoite, rossite, sherwoodite, and other unidentified vanadium phases as well as at least two other potentially new decavanadate species. It forms aqueous solutions of relatively low pH when water reacts with pyrite in the deposit under ambient temperatures and generally oxidizing near-surface environments.[3]
Atomic arrangement
Rakovanite crystal unit consists of the decavanadate polyanion similar to that found in other decavanadate-bearing mineral. The decavanadate polyanion is formed of ten distorted, edge-sharing octahedra.[4]
Chemical composition
| Oxide | wt% | Normalized wt% |
|---|---|---|
| Na2O | 8.08 (0.35) | 6.90 |
| K2O | 0.25 (0.02) | 0.21 |
| (NH4)2O | 6.03 (0.42) | 7.09 |
| CaO | 0.03 (0.01) | 0.03 |
| V2O5 | 79.9 (0.56) | 70.08 |
| Al2O3 | 0.05 (0.01) | 0.04 |
| H2O | 16.65 | |
| Total | 100.00 |
The empirical formula with calculated H2O and (NH4)2O contents is [(NH4)2.94K0.06]Σ3.00(Na2.97Al0.01 Ca0.01)Σ2.99[V10O28]12H2O (–0.01 H for charge balance) and the ideal formula is (NH3)3Na3 [V10O28]12H2O. [4]
References
- Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
- "Rakovanite: Rakovanite mineral information and data". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2015-12-01.
- Kampf, A. R.; Hughes, J. M.; Marty, J.; Gunter, M. E.; Nash, B. (2011). "Rakovanite, Na3V10O28•15H2O, A New Member of the Pascoite Family with a Protonated Decavanadate Polyanion". The Canadian Mineralogist. 49 (2): 595–604. doi:10.3749/canmin.49.2.595.
- Kampf, Anthony R.; Hughes, John M.; Cooper, Mark A.; Hawthorne, Frank C.; Nash, Barbara P.; Olds, Travis A.; Adams, Paul M.; Marty, Joe (2021-07-01). "The pascoite family of minerals, including the redefinition of rakovanite". The Canadian Mineralogist. 59 (4): 771–779. doi:10.3749/canmin.2000082. ISSN 1499-1276.