Raphanea

Raphanea or Raphaneae (Ancient Greek: Ῥαφάνεια;[1] Arabic: الرفنية, romanized: al-Rafaniyya; colloquial: Rafniye) was a city of the late Roman province of Syria Secunda. Its bishopric was a suffragan of Apamea.

Not to be confused with Raphana.
Raphanea
الرفنية
1936 aerial view of Raphanea
Raphanea is located in Syria
Raphanea
Shown within Syria
LocationSyria
RegionHama Governorate
Coordinates34°56′03″N 36°23′48″E

History

Josephus mentions Raphanea in connection with a river Σαββατικον, referred now to as Sambatiyon that flowed only every seventh days (probably an intermittent spring now called Fuwar ed-Deir) and that was viewed by Titus on his way northward from Berytus after the destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70.[2]

Near Emesa, Raphanea was the fortified headquarters of the Legio III Gallica from which was launched the successful bid of 14-year-old Elagabalus to become Roman Emperor in 218.[3]

Raphanea issued coins under Elagabalus,[4] and many of its coins are extant.[5][6][7]

Hierocles[8] and Georgius Cyprius[9] mention Raphanea among the towns of Syria Secunda. The crusaders passed through it at the end of 1099; it was taken by Baldwin I and was given to the Count of Tripoli.[10] It was then known as Rafania.[11]

Episcopal see

The only bishops of Raphanea known are:[11][12]

  • Bassianus, present at the Nicaea, 325;
  • Gerontius at Philippopolis, 344;
  • Basil at Constantinople, 381;
  • Lampadius at Chalcedon, 451;
  • Zoilus about 518;
  • Nonnus, 536.

The see is mentioned as late as the 10th century in the Notitia episcopatuum of Antioch.[11][13]

References
  1. Emil Schürer (2014). "A History of the Jewish People in the Time of Jesus Christ: Two Divisions in Five Volumes". Aeterna Press.
  2. Josephus, The War of the Jews or The History of the Destruction of Jerusalem, book 7, chapter 5, 1
  3. Jasper Burns, Great Women of Imperial Rome (Routledge 2006 ISBN 978-1-13413185-3), p. 209
  4. Kevin Butcher, Roman Syria and the Near East (Getty Publications 2003 ISBN 978-0-89236715-3), p. 117
  5. American Numismatic Society: Raphanea
  6. Elagabalus AE21mm Raphanea in Syria
  7. Raphanea Genius Coin
  8. Synecdemus, 712, 8.
  9. 870 (Heinrich Gelzer, Georgii Cyprii descriptio orbis romani, 44)
  10. "Historiens des croisades", passim; Rey in "Bulletin de la Société des antiquaires de France", Paris, 1885, 266.
  11. Sophrone Pétridès, "Rhaphanaea" in Catholic Encyclopedia (New York 1912)
  12. Le Quien, "Oriens christianus", II, 921.
  13. Vailhé, "Échos d'Orient", X, 94.
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