Raymond Lindeman
Raymond Laurel Lindeman (July 24, 1915 – June 29, 1942)[1][2] was an ecologist whose graduate research is credited with being a seminal study in the field of ecosystem ecology, specifically on the topic of trophic dynamics.
Raymond Laurel Lindeman | |
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Born | July 24, 1915 |
Died | June 29, 1942 26) | (aged
Nationality | American |
Alma mater | University of Minnesota |
Known for | Pioneering the concept of trophic dynamics in ecology |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Limnology, paleolimnology, trophic ecology |
Institutions | Yale University |
Doctoral advisor | Samuel Eddy |
Graduate research work
Lindeman completed his PhD at the University of Minnesota with his thesis work being concerned with the history and ecological dynamics of Cedar Bog Lake,[3] which is located in the University of Minnesota's Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve in central Minnesota.
While a postdoctoral researcher at Yale University with noted limnologist G. Evelyn Hutchinson, Lindeman submitted a chapter of his thesis for publication’s . His manuscript was initially rejected as being too generalized but was published after Hutchinson and others were able to convince the editor of the paper's merits.[4] The publication appeared in the journal Ecology and establishes the ten percent law whereby only 10% of the energy consumed at one trophic level is transferred to higher trophic levels.[5] Having suffered from chronic gastro-intestinal and liver inflammation, Lindeman died in 1942 at the age of 26, probably from hepatitis.[6]
Legacy
An annual award in Lindeman's honor is given by the Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography to the outstanding paper written that year by a young aquatic scientist.[7] Lindeman is also honored today with a lecture series in his name in the Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, as well as an informative plaque on the same University's Wall of Discovery.
Publications
- Lindeman, RL (1939). Some affinities and varieties of the planktonic rotifer Brachnionus havanaensis Rouss. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 58: 210–221.
- Lindeman, RL (1941). "The developmental history of Cedar Creek Bog, Minnesota". American Midland Naturalist. 25 (1): 101–112.[8]
- Lindeman, RL (1941). "Seasonal food-cycle dynamics in a Senescent Lake". American Midland Naturalist. 26 (3): 636–673.[9]
- Lindeman, RL (1942). "Experimental simulation of winter anaerobiosis in a senescent lake". Ecology. 23 (1): 1–13.[10]
- Lindeman, RL (1942). "Seasonal distribution of midge larvae in a scenescent lake". American Midland Naturalist. 27 (2): 428–444.[11]
- Lindeman, RL (1942). "The trophic-dynamic aspect of ecology". Ecology. 23 (4): 399–418.[5]
Biographies
- Reif, CB (1986). "Memories of Raymond Laurel Lindeman". Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America. 67 (1): 20–25[12]
- Sobczak, WV (2005). "Lindeman's trophic dynamic aspect of ecology: "Will you still need me when I'm 64?". Limnology and Oceanography Bulletin. 14 (3): 53–57[13]
- Sterner RW (2012) Raymond Laurel Lindeman and the Trophic Dynamic Viewpoint. Limnology and Oceanography Bulletin 21(2):38-51.[6]
References
- "Raymond Lindeman (1915-1942) | College of Biological Sciences". cbs.umn.edu. Retrieved 2023-02-15.
- Reif, Charles B. (March 1986). Memories of Raymond Laurel Lindeman (1st ed.). Wiley. p. 20.
- Lindeman, Raymond L. (1941). Ecological Dynamics in a Senescent Lake (Thesis).
- Cook, Robert Edward (1977). "Raymond Lindeman and the Trophic-Dynamic Concept in Ecology". Science. 198 (4312): 22–26. Bibcode:1977Sci...198...22C. doi:10.1126/science.198.4312.22. ISSN 0036-8075. JSTOR 1744154. PMID 17741875. S2CID 30340899.
- Lindeman, Raymond L. (1942). "The Trophic-Dynamic Aspect of Ecology". Ecology. 23 (4): 399–417. doi:10.2307/1930126. ISSN 1939-9170. JSTOR 1930126.
- Sterner, Robert W. (2012). "Raymond Laurel Lindeman and the Trophic Dynamic Viewpoint". Limnology and Oceanography Bulletin. 21 (2): 38–51. doi:10.1002/lob.201221237. ISSN 1539-6088.
- "Raymond L. Lindeman Award". ASLO. Retrieved 2021-05-01.
- Lindeman, Raymond L. (1941). "The Developmental History of Cedar Creek Bog, Minnesota". The American Midland Naturalist. 25 (1): 101–112. doi:10.2307/2420845. ISSN 0003-0031. JSTOR 2420845.
- Lindeman, Raymond L. (November 1941). "Seasonal Food-Cycle Dynamics in a Senescent Lake". American Midland Naturalist. 26 (3): 636–673. doi:10.2307/2420739. JSTOR 2420739.
- Lindeman, Raymond L. (January 1942). "Experimental Simulation of Winter Anaerobiosis in a Senescent Lake". Ecology. 23 (1): 1–13. doi:10.2307/1930867. JSTOR 1930867.
- Lindeman, Raymond L. (March 1942). "Seasonal Distribution of Midge Larvae in a Senescent Lake". American Midland Naturalist. 27 (2): 428–444. doi:10.2307/2421011. JSTOR 2421011.
- Reif, Charles B. (1986). "Memories of Raymond Laurel Lindeman". Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America. 67 (1): 20–25. doi:10.2307/20166483. ISSN 0012-9623. JSTOR 20166483. S2CID 162431090.
- Sobczak, William V. (2005). "Lindeman's Trophic-Dynamic Aspect of Ecology: "Will You Still Need Me When I'm 64?"". Limnology and Oceanography Bulletin. 14 (3): 53–57. doi:10.1002/lob.200514353. ISSN 1539-6088.