Red-billed woodcreeper

The red-billed woodcreeper (Hylexetastes perrotii) is a species of bird in the subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of the ovenbird family Furnariidae.[1] It is found in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.[2]

Red-billed woodcreeper
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Furnariidae
Genus: Hylexetastes
Species:
H. perrotii
Binomial name
Hylexetastes perrotii
(Lafresnaye, 1844)

Taxonomy and systematics

The red-billed woodcreeper's taxonomy is unsettled. Some authors have suggested that it and the bar-bellied woodcreeper (H. stresemanni) are conspecific.[3][4] The International Ornithological Committee (IOC) and the Clements taxonomy treat it as monotypic. BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) assigns it two subspecies in addition to the nominate subspecies. The IOC and Clements treat those two taxa as subspecies of the uniform woodcreeper (H. uniformis).[1][5][6][7]

This article follows the monotypic species model.

Description

The red-billed woodcreeper is one of the largest members of its subfamily. It is heavy-bodied, with a shortish tail and a short and massive bill. It is 25 to 30 cm (9.8 to 12 in) long. Males weigh 112 to 137.5 g (4.0 to 4.9 oz) and females 110 to 145 g (3.9 to 5.1 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have smoky brown to olive-brown head, back, and wing coverts. Their rump, wings, and tail are bright rufous to rufous-chestnut, with dusky tips on the primaries. They have whitish lores and a white "moustache" that extends under the eye. Their throat is olive-brown with a paler center, their breast grayish brown, their belly buffy brown, and their undertail coverts brown with a rufescent cast. Their iris is brown, reddish brown, or red. Their bill is wine-red to brownish and their legs and feet green or olive with some brown and gray. Juveniles have weak streaks on their crown, are more heavily barred and rufescent below than adults, and have dark gray eyes and a dusky to blackish bill.[4]

Distribution and habitat

The red-billed woodcreeper is found in the northeastern Amazon Basin from eastern Venezuela east through the Guianas and northern Brazil north of the Amazon River between the Rio Negro and Amapá state. It mostly inhabits humid terra firme forest. It also occurs in gallery forest, várzea, and forest on sandy soil, and in Suriname rarely in savanna. It favors the interior of primary forest but occasionally occurs at its edges and in mature secondary forest. It is found only at low elevations.[4][8]

Behavior

Movement

The red-billed woodcreeper is a year-round resident throughout its range.[4]

Feeding

The red-billed woodcreeper's diet is mostly a wide variety of arthropods and also includes small vertebrates such as frogs and snakes. It typically forages singly or in pairs. It often follows army ant swarms and joins mixed-species feeding flocks. It forages by sallies from a vertical perch, fairly low when attending ant swarms and up to the subcanopy elsewhere. It has also been observed digging for prey in rotten wood and termite nests.[4]

Breeding

Little is known about the red-billed woodcreeper's breeding biology. In Brazil it apparently nests between June and September and somewhat later in the Guianas. The few observed nests were in cavities near the top of stumps. The clutch size is not known but is speculated to be a single egg.[4]

Vocalization

The red-billed woodcreeper sings mostly at dawn and dusk and occasionally during the day. Its song is "a loud, ringing series of 2–6 whistles...almost disyllabic, first part longer and sometimes lower in pitch, second higher and more emphasized". The song has been put into words as "kyuu-hee, kyuu-hee…" and "hoooooreet, hoooooreet, hoooreet, hooreet". Its variety of calls include "screee-wip", "nnyeah", "nyip, nyeek, nyeek, weeweweweip", and a "growling series of cag notes, [and] faint grunting whinh, whaih, whaih".[4]

Status

The IUCN follows HBW taxonomy and so has not assessed the red-billed woodcreeper sensu stricto as a separate species. It has assessed the red-billed plus uniform woodcreepers as being of Least Concern.[9] The red-billed woodcreeper is poorly known and "probably uncommon to rare throughout its range, and apparently present at most sites in low densities and on large, mutually exclusive territories." It appears to be very sensitive to habitat modification.[4]

References
  1. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2023). "Ovenbirds, woodcreepers". IOC World Bird List. v 13.1. Retrieved 27 April 2023.
  2. Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. 31 May 2023. Species Lists of Birds for South American Countries and Territories. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.htm retrieved June 1, 2023
  3. Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 31 May 2023. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved May 31, 2023
  4. Marantz, C. A., A. Aleixo, L. R. Bevier, and M. A. Patten (2021). Red-billed Woodcreeper (Hylexetastes perrotii), version 1.1. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.rebwoo1.01.1 retrieved June 25, 2023
  5. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2022. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2022. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ retrieved November 10, 2022
  6. HBW and BirdLife International (2022) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 7. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v7_Dec22.zip retrieved December 13, 2022
  7. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (June 2023). "Proposed Splits/Lumps". IOC World Bird List. v 13.1. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
  8. van Perlo, Ber (2009). A Field Guide to the Birds of Brazil. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-19-530155-7.
  9. BirdLife International (2016). "Red-billed Woodcreeper Hylexetastes perrotii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T103661301A93902238. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T103661301A93902238.en. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
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