Red Peak flag

The Red Peak flag (also called First to the Light) is a proposed New Zealand flag that appeared as one of five options for voters to consider in the 2015–16 flag referendums.[1] Designed by Aaron Dustin in 2015, Red Peak appeared on the government's official longlist of 40 alternative flag designs before failing a final culling of the field on 1 September 2015 to four options. After public disappointment with the official four-flag shortlist, a social media campaign was launched on 2 September that revived the flag's prospects and captured the attention of leading parliamentary figures both in government and opposition. On 23 September, Prime Minister John Key announced the government had agreed to support Green Party legislation that would add Red Peak to the referendum ballot as a fifth (and the only non-fern inspired) option.[2]

Red Peak flag
Other namesRed Peak, First to the Light
Proportion1:2
DesignSimplified geometric elements based on tāniko pattern representing land, sky, inspired by Rangi and Papa mythology, and a reference to heritage from the 1902 New Zealand flag[1]
Designed byAaron Dustin

According to its designer, the flag, which features a white chevron surrounded by red, blue, and black coloured triangles, eschews familiar New Zealand iconography such as the fern, koru, kiwi, and Southern Cross in favour of a "new" symbolic language. The design, a simplified reference to the geometric elements of tāniko pattern as well as to the star tips of the current flag, represents the uniqueness of New Zealand's land, light, and position. The white chevron refers to the collision of two tectonic plates that formed the Southern Alps, while the coloured triangles symbolize the red earth, black night, and blue dawn, a reference to the Rangi and Papa creation story in native Māori mythology. In this way, the flag also notes New Zealand's prominence as one of the first countries to "hold the light of new day".[3] It is arguably unique amongst proposed flag alternatives in that it is the only design in the proposed five to visually represent a fusion of both British and Māori cultures, two groups which are especially prominent in New Zealand's history. After counting the preferential votes in the first flag referendum, Red Peak was eliminated after round three of the preferences.

History

The flag was designed by Aaron Dustin along with 17 other flag designs in May to July 2015 as part of the New Zealand Government call for alternative flag designs, and submitted under the pseudonym Andor Unista (an anagram for Aaron Dustin) from Wellington.[4] In August 2015 Red Peak was selected in the long list of 40 flag designs by the Flag Consideration Panel.[5] A quantitative survey conducted from 25 to 31 August 2015 with a nationally representative sample of 1,000 New Zealanders concluded that the flag design ranked 35th place overall, and was the fourth least preferred flag design.[6] Furthermore, within specific groups, it ranked last place (40th) according to people that identify as Māori or as Green voters.[7]

After public disappointment with the official shortlist of four options, a social media campaign was launched on 2 September 2015 for the Red Peak flag, a design well-liked by supporters of changing the New Zealand flag who disapprove of the silver fern flag and other similar proposed designs.[8] Early tweets were followed by a blog post titled 'Dear John' written by Rowan Simpson which attracted significant online attention, and an opinion piece in The New Zealand Herald by journalist Toby Manhire.[8][9][10] Despite not being selected by the official Flag Consideration Panel, the Red Peak design was considered a favourable alternative and was supported by a grassroots social media campaign for its inclusion in any public referendum for a new national flag design.[11][12] An online petition to support inclusion of the flag design as an option for the referendum gained support from 50,000 petitioners in less than two weeks, and was handed over by the family of the petition's creator and Rowan Simpson to David Seymour at Parliament on 16 September 2015.[13]

Party Third reading
Parties voting Yes
National59
Labour32
Green14
Māori Party2
ACT1
United Future1
Parties voting No
NZ First12

On 23 September, Green Party MP Gareth Hughes sought to introduce in Parliament a bill to add Red Peak to the first referendum as a fifth option; a block by New Zealand First was circumvented the same day when Prime Minister John Key confirmed the government would pick up the legislation.[14] In order to pass the bill, the House of Representatives went into urgency on 23 September (urgency allows the House to dramatically condense a bill's journey through the legislative process, avoiding referral to a select committee and advancing through all three readings in one day; under normal circumstances, a bill cannot complete more than one stage per day the House is in session).[15] At the third reading, all parties in the House agreed to final passage except New Zealand First, which opposed changing the current flag.[16] Royal assent was granted on 24 September, making the inclusion of Red Peak on the ballot official (Public Act 2015 No. 86). The addition was estimated to cost taxpayers an extra $380,000, as informational materials on enrollment and voting that only featured the initial four alternatives had to be redesigned, reprinted, and retranslated to include Red Peak as a fifth option (no ballot papers had been printed).[17] Despite his willingness to include Red Peak on the ballot paper, Prime Minister Key remained a supporter of Kyle Lockwood's two silver fern designs; had Red Peak won the first referendum, Key confirmed he would have supported it over the current flag in the second referendum.[16]

Support for inclusion in referendum

Party leaders:

Editorial boards:

Similar flag designs

Wā Kāinga/Home flag
Wā Kāinga/Home flag by Studio Alexander

Like Red Peak, the Wā Kāinga/Home flag by Studio Alexander, an Auckland-based design studio, also makes use of a white chevron surrounded by red, blue, and black triangles, although its interpretation of the resulting space is different. According to the official description of the design submitted to the government by designers Grant Alexander (principal), Alice Murray, Thomas Lawlor, and Jared McDowell, each of the flag's coloured triangles represents a particular cultural tradition of New Zealand: red for the Māori first peoples, blue for the British settlers, and black for the strength and optimism of its multicultural future.[23] Furthermore, the white space between the colours recalls the maihi (diagonal bargeboards) on the front of a traditional Māori meeting house and symbolizes the "coming together" of all three cultures.[23] In this respect, the design's symbolism is reminiscent of the flag of South Africa.[24]

Wā Kāinga/Home met with initial success. On 27 July 2015, it won the $20,000 grand prize at a flag competition hosted by the Morgan Foundation (economist and philanthropist Gareth Morgan, believing the government's design brief to be too vague, had set up his own competition to help stimulate public discussion and creativity; Morgan's own brief sought flag designs that would honour the spirit of the Treaty of Waitangi).[23][25] In doing so, Wā Kāinga/Home defeated just under 1,000 other submissions. Fresh off this victory, Wā Kāinga/Home also survived the first round of the government's official flag competition when on 10 August 2015 the Flag Consideration Panel publicly announced its long list of 40 alternative flag designs. Like Red Peak, however, Wā Kāinga/Home subsequently faltered on 1 September 2015, failing to make the government's final four.

A variant of Wā Kāinga / Home, with darker colours and a wider ratio, was used as the logo of Gareth Morgan's party, The Opportunities Party.

Public debate

Support for the Red Peak flag has come from the New Zealand design community with noted designers,[26] design lecturers[27][28] and authors[29] voicing their support for the geometric abstract design.[30]

Critics of the Red Peak flag design have noted it bears a resemblance to some corporate logos. Red Peak's opponents sought to use the similarities between the design and the logos of Peak Engineering & Design of Apex, North Carolina,[31] and Arrow Uniforms of New Zealand[32] to scuttle the flag's bid for a referendum spot. Supporters of the design have dismissed this tactic as both culturally insensitive[33] and a "red herring"[34] (given the designs have different colour and form).

The first round of the referendum used instant-runoff voting (IRV). Due to there being two flag designs that were the same design but different colour, some argued that this would "stack the deck" against the Red Peak and koru flag designs.[35][36] However, this argument was flawed, since IRV does not give an advantage to groups of options that are similar.[37] In technical terms, near-identical options are called clones, and IRV is known to be independent of clones.

See also

References
  1. "Red Peak by Aaron Dustin". New Zealand Government. Archived from the original on 5 April 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
  2. "Flag referendum: Red Peak design to be added as fifth option – John Key". The New Zealand Herald. 23 September 2015. Archived from the original on 27 December 2015. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
  3. "A New Zealand Flag". A New Zealand Flag. Archived from the original on 2015-08-21. Retrieved 2015-09-21.
  4. "There are 18 flags by Andor Unista". flagpost.nz. Archived from the original on 12 September 2015. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
  5. Young, Audrey (10 August 2015). "A new flag: The final 40". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
  6. NZ Flag Referendum ('Red Peak') Quantitative Survey (PDF), UMR Research, August 2015, archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-09-14, retrieved 2015-09-14
  7. NZ Flag Referendum (extended edition) Quantitative Survey (PDF), UMR Research, August 2015, archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-09-14, retrieved 2015-09-14
  8. "A comprehensive history of Red Peak". Stuff.co.nz. Archived from the original on 1 November 2017. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
  9. Simpson, Rowan (2 September 2015). "Dear John". Rowan Simpson. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
  10. Manhire, Toby (11 September 2015). "Red Peak design warrants place on flag ballot". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
  11. "New Zealanders offered flag shortlist ask: can we have this one instead?". The Guardian. 4 September 2015. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
  12. "Hang up the fern!". The Economist. 12 September 2015. Archived from the original on 13 September 2015. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
  13. Claire Trevett (15 September 2015). "Red Peak: 50,000 strong petition handed over at Parliament". Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
  14. "Flag referendum: Red Peak design to be added as fifth option - John Key - National - NZ Herald News". Archived from the original on 2015-12-27. Retrieved 2015-09-23.
  15. "Flag debate: Red Peak to be included on ballot". 23 September 2015. Archived from the original on 1 November 2017. Retrieved 26 September 2015.
  16. "John Key confirms he would vote Red Peak over current flag". 24 September 2015. Archived from the original on 27 September 2015. Retrieved 26 September 2015.
  17. "Red Peak will cost $380,000 to go on ballot". 25 September 2015. Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
  18. Seymour, David (2014-09-14). "The Flag Referendum and Red Peak". Free Thoughts blog. ACT Party. Archived from the original on 2015-09-25. Retrieved 2015-09-14.
  19. "Red Peak: Politicians fling flag barbs". Radionz.co.nz. 15 September 2015. Archived from the original on 16 September 2015. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  20. "Red Peak: Andrew Little's pick". Stuff.co.nz. 15 September 2015. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  21. "Editorial: Little should lighten up on flag options". New Zealand Herald. 18 September 2015. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
  22. "Editorial: John Key should add the Red Peak flag to the final four". New Zealand Herald. 12 September 2015. Archived from the original on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
  23. "Gareth Morgan Announces Winner of $20k Flag Competition". designmyflag.nz. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
  24. "From 1,000 entries, this is the winner of Gareth Morgan's new flag design competition". tvnz.co.nz. 27 July 2015. Archived from the original on 28 September 2015. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
  25. "Morgan Foundation Flag Competition Judging Results". designmyflag.nz. Morgan Foundation. 24 July 2015. Archived from the original on 19 October 2015. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  26. "Vaughn Davis speaks with Dick Frizzell". www.radiolive.co.nz. Archived from the original on 2015-12-22. Retrieved 2015-10-16.
  27. "Nightly interview: Dr Mark McGuire". Channel 39 Dunedin Television. October 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-12-22. Retrieved 2015-10-16.
  28. "Popularity contest sidelines good flag design". Stuff. 12 October 2015. Archived from the original on 2020-11-17. Retrieved 2015-10-16.
  29. "Opinion: Flag selection process a "flawed, dishonest pantomime"". Idealog. 16 September 2015. Archived from the original on 19 September 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
  30. "A Fifth Design Joins New Zealand's Controversial Flag Competition". Co.Design. 24 September 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-10-29. Retrieved 2015-10-16.
  31. "Apex engineering firm part of New Zealand 'Red Peak' flag dispute". The Charlotte Observer. 18 September 2015. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
  32. "Red Peak or a uniform logo?". Stuff. October 2015. Archived from the original on 2017-10-10. Retrieved 2015-10-16.
  33. "Reappropriation 101". The Non-Plastic Maori. 24 September 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-12-08. Retrieved 2015-10-16.
  34. "Red Peak flag design strikingly similar to North Carolina engineering firm logo". stuff.co.nz. 13 September 2015. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
  35. "Red Peak on the ballot, but preferential voting could kill it". The National Business Review. 24 September 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-10-18. Retrieved 2015-10-16.
  36. "The Flag Process – Do You Feel Duped Yet?". Gareths World. Archived from the original on 2016-02-03. Retrieved 2015-10-16.
  37. Whitehead, Matthew (25 September 2015). "Chris Keall doesn't understand voting systems". Le Matt Juste. Archived from the original on 6 September 2018. Retrieved 6 September 2018.
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