Relaxado en persona

Relaxado en persona (modern spelling: relajado en persona) was a Spanish legal phrase, literally meaning "relaxed in person", meaning "transferred to the secular authorities",[1] a euphemism for "burnt at the stake" in the records of the Spanish Inquisition, since the church tribunal could not execute death sentences. The majority of those "relaxed in person" from 1484 onwards were relapsos (relapsed Jews or Muslims) or herejes (heretics, but also often Jews and Muslims). Use of the term in source material continues until 1659 or later.

Examples:

  • Alvaro de Segovia.. hereje judio relaxado en persona á 13 Setiembre 1485.[2]
  • Violante de Calatayud, muger de Francisco Clemente, heretico Judio, relaxado en persona en 18. de Março 1486'.[3]
  • herege Judaizante Relapso Relaxado en Persona año de 1659.[4]

The noun form is relajación en persona (literally "relaxation in person"), but the noun form is primarily used by historians rather than contemporaries.[5] Historians may also use the term anachronistically, for example as in the case of the last burning in Peru, that of Mariana de Castro, Lima, 1732.[6]

References
  1. "relajar". Diccionario de la lengua española (in Spanish) (23rd (updated) ed.). RAE-ASALE. 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2021. Dicho de un juez eclesiástico: Entregar al secular un reo digno de pena capital.
  2. José Amador de los Ríos Historia social, política y religiosa de los judíos de España y Portugal (3 vols., Madrid, 1875-76) Volume 3 1876 p616
  3. Günter Böhm. Judíos en Chile colonial. Editorial Universitaria Santiago, Chile 1963 p111
  4. Luis González Obregón Época colonial: México viejo, noticias históricas, tradiciones, leyendas y costumbres del periodo de 1521 á 1821. Oficina de la Secretaría de fomento, México. 1896 p710
  5. For example in María del Camino Fernández Giménez, La sentencia inquisitorial. Editorial Complutense, Colegio Universitario Domingo de Soto de Segovia, Madrid, 2001 p120
  6. René Millar Carvacho La Inquisición de Lima: signos de su decadencia, 1726-1750, Santiago, LOM Ediciones 2004 p78
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