Richard Creagh

Richard Creagh (born at Limerick early in the sixteenth century; died in the Tower of London about December 1586) was an Irish Roman Catholic clergyman who was the Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland in the second half of the sixteenth century.[1]

Styles of
Richard Creagh
Reference styleThe Most Reverend
Spoken styleYour Grace or Archbishop

Life

The son of a merchant, his family (see Creagh) were Gaels, but had lived in Limerick City for generations. He chose a mercantile career and made many voyages to Spain. A providential escape from shipwreck led him to embrace a religious life, and after some years of seminary study abroad, he was ordained a priest. Returning to Ireland, he taught school for a time at Limerick.

Creagh declined promotions to the See of Limerick and See of Cashel. but the Papal nuncio, David Wolfe, was determined to conquer Fr. Creagh's humility andnamed him for the primacy when it became vacant, and would accept no refusal. Creagh was consecrated Archbishop in Rome, and in 1564 returned to Ireland as Archbishop of Armagh.

At the time, Seán Mac Cuinn Ó Néill, known in later centuries as "Shane the Proud" (Irish: Seán an Díomais), was the most powerful Irish clan chief in Ulster and, from the first, The O'Neill and Archbishop Creagh were at variance.

The O'Neill hated the Crown of England, while Archbishop Creagh repeatedly preached loyalty to the Queen of England in all purely civil matters inside Armagh Cathedral, and even in The O'Neill's presence. The O'Neill retaliated by burning down the Cathedral.

Archbishop Creagh then excommunicated The O'Neill and forbade any priest to absolve The O'Neill of the Mortal Sins of Sacrilege and putting a priest to death. Shane retaliated by threatening the life of the Archbishop, and by declaring publicly that there was no one on earth he hated so much as Archbishop Creagh, except Queen Elizabeth I, whom he hated even more.

In spite of all this, Archbishop Creagh was arrested and imprisoned by the English. Twice he escaped, but he was retaken and in 1567 lodged in the Tower of London, and kept there till his death. From his repeated examinations before the English Privy Council his enmity for Shane O'Neill and his unwavering loyalty to the Queen of England in all purely civil matters were made plain. His steadfast refusal, however, to Abjure the Catholic Faith or embrace the subservience of the Church to the State, and his great popularity throughout Ireland were considered high treason and, in consequence, the Council refused to set him free.

Not content with this, his enemies assailed his moral character. The daughter of his jailer was urged to accuse him of rape. The charge was investigated in public court, where the girl retracted her previous statement and declared the charges completely false.

Death

It has been said that Creagh was poisoned in prison, and this, whether true or false, was widely believed at the time of his death.[2] The principal suspect was the notorious double agent Robert Poley, best known for his role as agent provocateur in the Babington Plot and his suspected role in the killing of Christopher Marlowe. Poley, who was a fellow prisoner in the Tower during Creagh's last years there, is said to have visited him several times, but the suspicion seems to be based on his general bad character, rather than on any direct evidence of his guilt.[3]

Peter Creagh

His grand-nephew, Peter Creagh, was Bishop of Cork and Cloyne from 1676 to 1693. He was imprisoned for two years on suspicion of treason and attempted regicide during the Popish Plot in consequence of the false accusations of Titus Oates, but he was acquitted (1682). He was transferred to the Archdiocese of Tuam in 1686. After the 1688 coup d'etat, Bishop Creagh followed King James II into exile on the Continent. Bishop Creagh was appointed Archbishop of Dublin in 1693, but was unable to return to Ireland and take over command of his still illegal and underground archdiocese. He became Coadjutor Bishop of Strasbourg, where he died (July 1705).

Works

Creagh wrote:[4]

  • De Linguâ Hibernicâ; some collections from this work are among the manuscripts in the library of Trinity College Dublin.
  • An Ecclesiastical History; a portion of this work was, in Sir James Ware's time, in the possession of Thomas Arthur, M.D.
  • A Catechism in Irish, 1560.
  • Account, in Latin, of his escape from the Tower of London, 1565. In Cardinal Moran's Spicilegium Ossoriense, i. 40.
  • De Controversiis Fidei
  • Topographia Hiberniæ
  • Vitæ Sanctorum Hiberniæ
  • Public Domain Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Richard Creagh". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

References
  1. "Archbishop Richard Creagh". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
  2. Lennon, Colm (2004). "Creagh (Crevagh), Richard (c.1523–1586?)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/6658. Retrieved 20 February 2013. (subscription or UK public library membership required). His date of death is given as 14 October 1585 in: Moody, T. W.; et al., eds. (1989). A New History of Ireland. 8: A Chronology of Irish History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821744-2.
  3. Charles Nicholl The Reckoning; the Murder of Christopher Marlowe 2nd Edition Random House 2002 p.193
  4. Cooper 1888, p. 63-64.
Attribution

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Richard Creagh". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Cooper, Thompson (1888). "Creagh, Richard". In Stephen, Leslie (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 13. London: Smith, Elder & Co.

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