Richard Travis

Upon arrival in the Middle East in December 1914, the New Zealanders undertook further training at camps in Egypt,[7] before taking part in the landing at Anzac Cove as part of the Gallipoli campaign on 25 April 1915.[8] The Otago Mounted Rifles Regiment (including Travis' Southland Squadron) did not take part in the initial landing; instead they were sent as dismounted reinforcements the following month.[2] Travis, who was part of the transport section and had responsibility for breaking in new horses,[9] was not scheduled to proceed with the rest of the Southland Mounted Rifles Squadron. Instead he was to remain with the horses in Egypt.[10] Nevertheless, exhibiting the same disregard for discipline that had gotten him in trouble earlier in his life, he stowed away upon the squadron's transport and joined them on the Gallipoli Peninsula.[2][11]

Travis' unauthorised presence was soon discovered and disciplinary proceedings followed: he was returned to Egypt and received 14 days' confinement. Nevertheless, in October he was later able join up with the Southland Squadron as it rested on Lemnos after the Battle of Sari Bair[12] before returning to Gallipoli to take part in the final month of the campaign before the Allied forces were evacuated in December 1915. While at Anzac Cove he established a reputation as a fine soldier who possessed the ability to move through "no man's land" unscathed.[2][4]

Following their evacuation from Gallipoli, the New Zealanders returned to Egypt[13] while the War Office considered their future deployment.[14] After sustaining a knee injury while breaking in a horse,[15][16] in March 1916, Travis was transferred to the infantry and was posted to the 8th (Southland) Company of the 2nd Battalion, Otago Infantry Regiment, New Zealand Division.[11] When the division transferred to the European theatre, he sailed with it to France, arriving there in April, to serve in the trenches along the Western Front.[2] After the 2nd Battalion entered the line near Armentières,[11] Travis began conducting scouting missions at night into "no man's land" to gather intelligence on German positions and help in mapping the front.[2] By the end of July 1916, he had been twice commended in brigade orders for his work in carrying out night patrols and recovering wounded soldiers.[17] He had also been wounded, which saw him spend most of August in hospital receiving treatment.[18]

In September 1916 he singlehandedly dealt with two German snipers that were firing upon a work party during the fighting on the Somme. He later received the Distinguished Conduct Medal (DCM), the British Empire's second highest gallantry award, for this action, the published citation for his award also referring to him having "...on many occasions done very fine work."[19][20] After this the 2nd Battalion moved to Flanders to hold the line during winter.[11] Throughout the remainder of 1916 he progressed through the ranks, soon reaching the rank of sergeant, whereupon he was given responsibility for a sniper and reconnaissance section consisting of hand picked men, tasked with conducting reconnaissance of German lines and capturing prisoners to gain intelligence.[2][11][21] His section quickly grew a reputation for being able to provide important intelligence on the strength and positions of the enemy.[22] As a leader he was said to have a casual approach towards things such as dress and military protocol, however, he was resourceful, had a well-developed understanding of enemy courses of action and had a penchant for detailed planning.[2]

In early December 1917 Travis was sent to England; this was intended to be for a period of three months but Travis agitated for an earlier return and rejoined his battalion, serving on the front lines near Polygon Wood in Flanders, in mid January 1918.[23] Soon afterwards, Travis was awarded the Croix de Guerre from the Belgian government.[24] During the German spring offensive of April 1918, Travis was wounded which required hospitalisation for over two weeks.[25] At the end of the following month, he was awarded the Military Medal (MM) "for acts of gallantry in the field".[26][27]

In July 1918, as part of the operations undertaken prior to the Allied Hundred Days Offensive, planned for August, the 2nd Battalion, Otago Infantry Regiment, was committed to operations around Rossignol Wood, to the north of Hébuterne, where a salient had developed in the German lines.[4] Following the initial attacks, the Germans withdrew from their positions and Travis, with the reconnaissance section, set out to discover their new location. On 24 July the battalion was scheduled to launch its attack. Prior to stepping off, Travis crossed "no man's land" in daylight and destroyed a wire obstacle that threatened to block the path of the battalion's advance. Later, after the attack had been checked by heavy fire from a number of machine gun positions, seeing the danger, Travis approached two weapons pits alone and killed their occupants.[4][28]

He was killed the following day in a German artillery barrage while accompanying an officer on an inspection of the battalion's positions.[29] Well known among the New Zealand Division for his exploits, his death affected its morale.[30] On 26 July 1918, he was interred in a grave near the small village of Couin, which is now the site of the Couin New British Cemetery.[1] For his deeds on 24 July he was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross (VC) in September 1918.[2] The VC, instituted in 1856, was the highest award for valour that could be bestowed on a soldier of the British Empire.[31] The citation for his VC read:

For most conspicuous bravery and devotion to duty. During 'surprise' operations it was necessary to destroy an impassable wire block. Serjt. Travis, regardless of personal danger, volunteered for this duty. Before zero hour, in broad daylight and in close proximity to enemy posts he crawled out and successfully destroyed the block with bombs, thus enabling the attacking parties to pass through. A few minutes later a bombing party on the right of the attack was held up by two enemy machine guns, and the success of the whole operation was in danger. Perceiving this Serjt. Travis with great gallantry and utter disregard of danger, rushed the position, killed the crews and captured the guns. An enemy officer and three men immediately rushed at him from a bend in the trench and attempted to retake the guns. These four he killed single handed, thus allowing the bombing party on which much depended to advance. The success of the operation was almost entirely due to the heroic work of this gallant N.C.O. and the vigour with which he made and used opportunities for inflicting casualties on the enemy. He was killed 24 hours later when, in a most intense bombardment prior to an enemy counter-attack, he was going from post to post encouraging the men.

— The London Gazette, No. 30922, 24 September 1918.[32]