Richmond (Yorks) (UK Parliament constituency)

Richmond (Yorks) is a constituency[note 1] in North Yorkshire represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since May 2015 by Rishi Sunak, the current Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and leader of the Conservative Party.[note 2][2]

"Richmond (UK Parliament constituency)" redirects here. For the former constituency in greater London, see Richmond (Surrey) (UK Parliament constituency). For the current constituency in greater London, see Richmond Park (UK Parliament constituency).

Richmond (Yorks)
County constituency
for the House of Commons
Outline map
Boundary of Richmond (Yorks) in North Yorkshire
Outline map
Location of North Yorkshire within England
County1585–1974 North Riding of Yorkshire
1974– North Yorkshire
Electorate83,219 (December 2019)[1]
Major settlementsBedale, Catterick, Catterick Garrison, Great Ayton, Hawes, Leyburn, Middleham, Northallerton, Richmond, Stokesley
Current constituency
Created1885
Member of ParliamentRishi Sunak (Conservative)
SeatsOne
1585–1885
Seats1585–1868: Two
1868–1885: One
Type of constituencyBorough constituency

Further to the completion of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat will be subject to moderate boundary changes and will be renamed Richmond and Northallerton, to be first contested at the next general election.[3]

Constituency profile

The constituency presents itself as a safe seat for the Conservative Party, which has held it continuously since 1910 (if including the 11 years by the allied Unionist Party from 1918), and in the 2010 general election Richmond produced the largest numerical and percentage majority for a Conservative, 62.8% of the vote. The Conservative MP and one-time Party leader William Hague held the seat from a by-election in 1989 until he retired from the Commons in 2015. He had held the posts of Leader of the Opposition (1997–2001), Foreign Secretary (2010–2014) and Leader of the House of Commons (2014–2015). His successor, Rishi Sunak, served as Chancellor of the Exchequer from February 2020 to July 2022 and has served as Prime Minister since October 2022, whilst Hague's predecessor, Leon Brittan, served as Home Secretary. The constituency has thus produced three consecutive MPs who served in the Great Offices of State and two who served as Leader of the Conservative Party.

The constituency consists of, in the west, the entire Richmondshire district and, in the east, the northern part of Hambleton District. It is a mostly rural seat with an affluent population.[note 3]

History

Richmond was one of the parliamentary boroughs in the Unreformed House of Commons that dates to the middle of its long existence, first being represented in 1585. Medieval royal charters had specifically exempted the town from sending members to Parliament;[4] at the time, this was often seen as an expensive burden.

By the early eighteenth century it was controlled by the Yorke and Darcy families, who each nominated a member; the Darcys gained control in the 1760s, and shortly afterwards the interest was purchased by Sir Lawrence Dundas, 1st Baronet along with the Aske estate.[5] The Dundases or their nominees would retain control of the borough's representation for many years; there was no contested election between 1722 and 1839, and then not another until 1866. The last Dundas family member would not retire from the seat until 1885. During this period the seat was a safe one for the Whigs and then later the Liberals; since around 1918 it has been a safe seat for the Conservative Party, with majorities often over 40%.

From 1983, the seat was represented by the cabinet minister Leon Brittan, after boundary changes saw his Cleveland and Whitby seat abolished; however, he resigned from the Commons in December 1988 in order to take up the position of vice-president of the European Commission.

1989 by-election

The ensuing by-election, held in February 1989, was won by William Hague: this was the last by-election won by a Conservative candidate during the Conservative Governments of 1979–1997. Hague's win has been attributed in part to the decision by the remnants of the Social Democratic Party (those members that objected to the merger with the Liberal Party the previous year) to contest the election as well as the newly merged Social and Liberal Democrats (who subsequently renamed themselves the Liberal Democrats). The SDP candidate, local farmer Mike Potter, came second, and Hague's majority of 2,634 was considerably smaller than the number of votes (11,589) for the SLD candidate Barbara Pearce. Despite the Labour landslide of 1997, they did not come close to winning the seat, which stayed Conservative with a majority of 10,000. Hague retained the seat at every general election from then on, building the Conservative majority to 23,336, until his decision to step down at the 2015 election.

1992 change in main opposition candidate

In 1992, the Labour candidate until a few weeks before the election, David Abrahams, was deselected following a series of rows within the local party over his personal life and business interests. It emerged in 2007 that he used the name "David Martin" when dealing with tenants in his various rental properties in the Newcastle area,[6] and that he had claimed that he lived with his wife and son, though he had never been married. Divorcee Anthea Bailey later told a local newspaper she and her 11-year-old son had posed as Mr Abrahams' family as part of a business arrangement so that Abrahams could create "the right impression".[7][8]

Since 2001

At the 2001 general election, Richmond became the Conservatives' safest seat in the UK, both in terms of the actual numerical majority and by percentage, the seat being held by William Hague, then the Conservative leader. Although the numerical majority was surpassed by Buckingham at the 2005 election, Richmond has a smaller electorate and had a greater proportion of Conservative voters so retained the second largest percentage majority. Again in 2010, Richmond was the safest Conservative seat in the country, in terms of numerical and percentage majority. It has been represented since May 2015 by Rishi Sunak, the current Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and leader of the Conservative Party.[2]

Boundaries

1918–1950: The Borough of Richmond, the Urban Districts of Kirklington-cum-Upsland, Masham, and Northallerton, and the Rural Districts of Aysgarth, Bedale, Croft, Leyburn, Northallerton, Reeth, Richmond, Startforth, and Stokesley.

1950–1955: The Borough of Richmond, the Urban District of Northallerton, and the Rural Districts of Aysgarth, Croft, Leyburn, Masham, Northallerton, Reeth, Richmond, Startforth, and Stokesley.

1955–1974: As prior but with redrawn boundaries.

1974–1983: As prior but with redrawn boundaries.

1983–1997: The District of Richmondshire, and the District of Hambleton wards of Appleton Wiske, Bedale, Brompton, Broughton and Greenhow, Carlton Miniott, Crakehall, Great Ayton, Hillside, Leeming, Leeming Bar, Morton-on-Swale, Northallerton North East, Northallerton South East, Northallerton West, Osmotherley, Romanby, Romanby Broomfield, Rudby, Sowerby, Stokesley, Swainby, Tanfield, The Cowtons, The Thorntons, Thirsk, Topcliffe, and Whitestonecliffe.

1997–2010: The District of Richmondshire, and the District of Hambleton wards of Appleton Wiske, Brompton, Broughton and Greenhow, Great Ayton, Leeming Bar, Morton-on-Swale, Northallerton North East, Northallerton South East, Northallerton West, Osmotherley, Romanby, Romanby Broomfield, Rudby, Stokesley, Swainby, and The Cowtons.

2010–present: The District of Richmondshire, and the District of Hambleton wards of Bedale, Brompton, Broughton and Greenhow, Cowtons, Crakehall, Great Ayton, Leeming, Leeming Bar, Morton-on-Swale, Northallerton Broomfield, Northallerton Central, Northallerton North, Osmotherley, Romanby, Rudby, Stokesley, Swainby, and Tanfield.

The Richmond constituency covers the Richmondshire district and the northern part of the Hambleton District. It is an affluent rural area with a significant commuter population, covering parts of the North York Moors and Yorkshire Dales National Parks, including Wensleydale and Swaledale. It contains the market towns of Northallerton, Richmond, Leyburn, Bedale, Hawes, and Stokesley, along with Great Ayton and other surrounding villages. It also includes the large army base Catterick Garrison.

Members of Parliament

MPs 1585–1640
ParliamentFirst memberSecond member
1584John PepperMarmaduke Wyvill[9]
1586Robert BowesSamuel Coxe[9]
1588James DaleJohn Smythe[9]
1593Talbot BowesJohn Pepper[9]
1597Marmaduke WyvillCuthbert Pepper[9]
1601Cuthbert PepperTalbot Bowes[9]
1604Sir John SavileRichard Percevall
1614Sir Talbot BowesSir William Richardson
1621Sir Talbot BowesWilliam Bowes
1624John WandesfordChristopher Pepper
1625Christopher WandesfordSir Talbot Bowes
1626Christopher WandesfordMatthew Hutton
1628Sir Talbot BowesJames Howell
1629–1640No Parliaments summoned

MPs 1640–1868
YearFirst member[10]First partySecond member[10]Second party
April 1640 Sir William Pennyman, Bt.Royalist Maulger Norton
November 1640 Sir Thomas DanbyRoyalist
August 1642 Pennyman disabled to sit
(Pennyman died August 1643)
September 1642 Danby disabled to sit
1645 Thomas Chaloner Francis Thorpe
1653 Richmond was unrepresented in Barebone's Parliament
1654 John Wastal Richmond had only one seat in the First and
Second Parliaments of the Protectorate
1656 John Bathurst
January 1659 Sir Christopher Wyvill, Bt. John Bathurst
May 1659 Thomas Chaloner Francis Thorpe
April 1660 James Darcy Sir Christopher Wyvill, Bt.
1661 Sir John Yorke Joseph Cradock
1662 John Wandesford
1664 Sir William Killigrew
1665 Marmaduke Darcy
1679 Humphrey Wharton Thomas Cradock
1681 John Darcy, Lord Conyers
1685 Thomas Cradock
January 1689 Thomas Yorke
February 1689 Philip Darcy
1690 Sir Mark Milbanke, Bt Theodore Bathurst
1695 Thomas Yorke Sir Marmaduke Wyvill, Bt.
1698 James Darcy
1701 John Hutton
1702 James Darcy
May 1705 Wharton Dunch
December 1705 William Walsh
1708 Harry Mordaunt
1710 John YorkeWhig
1713 Thomas Yorke
1717 John YorkeWhig
1720 Richard AbellWhig
1722 Conyers DarcyWhig
1727 Charles Bathurst Sir Marmaduke Wyvill, Bt.
1728[11] John YorkeWhig Sir Conyers Darcy[12]Whig
1747 Earl of Ancram
1757 Thomas Yorke
1761 Sir Ralph Milbanke
1763 Thomas Dundas
March 1768 Alexander Wedderburn Sir Lawrence Dundas, Bt[13]
November 1768 William Norton
1769 Charles John Crowle
1774 Thomas Dundas[14] Sir Lawrence Dundas, Bt[15]
January 1775 Charles Dundas
December 1775 William Norton
1780 Marquess of Graham Sir Lawrence Dundas, Bt
1781 George Fitzwilliam
1784 The Earl of Inchiquin Charles Dundas
1786 Sir Grey Cooper
1790 Lawrence DundasWhig
1796 Charles George Beauclerk
1798 Arthur ShakespeareWhig[16]
1802 George DundasWhig[16]
1806 Charles Lawrence DundasWhig[16]
1808 Lawrence DundasWhig[16]
1810 Robert ChalonerWhig[16]
January 1812 George DundasWhig
October 1812 Dudley Long NorthWhig[16]
1818 Thomas DundasWhig[16][17][18] Viscount MaitlandWhig[16]
1820 Samuel Barrett Moulton BarrettWhig[16]
1828 Hon. Sir Robert DundasWhig[16][19][20]
1830 Hon. John DundasWhig[16][21][18][22]
1835 Alexander SpeirsWhig[16][17][18] Hon. Thomas Dundas[23]Whig[16][17][18]
1839 Hon. Sir Robert DundasWhig[16][19][20]
February 1841 Hon. George Wentworth-FitzWilliamWhig[16][24][25][26]
June 1841 Hon. John DundasWhig[16][21][18][22] Hon. William Ridley-ColborneWhig[16][22][27]
1846 Henry RichWhig[28][16][17][29]
1847 Marmaduke WyvillWhig[28]
1859 Liberal Liberal
1861 Sir Roundell PalmerLiberal
1865 Hon. John DundasLiberal
1866 Marmaduke WyvillLiberal

MPs since 1868
Richmond, 1918–1948, shown within the North Riding of Yorkshire.
ElectionMember[10]Party
1868 Sir Roundell Palmer Liberal
1872 by-election Lawrence Dundas Liberal
1873 by-election Hon. John Dundas Liberal
1885 Sir Frederick Milbank, Bt Liberal
1886 George Elliot[30] Conservative
1895 John Hutton Conservative
1906 Francis Dyke Acland Liberal
Jan 1910 Hon. William Orde-Powlett Conservative
1918 Sir Murrough Wilson Unionist
1929 Thomas Dugdale Conservative
1959 Timothy Kitson Conservative
1983 Leon Brittan Conservative
1989 by-election William Hague Conservative
2015 Rishi Sunak Conservative

Elections
Rishi Sunak

Elections in the 2010s

General election 2019: Richmond (Yorks)[31][32]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Rishi Sunak 36,693 63.6 −0.3
Labour Thomas Kirkwood 9,483 16.4 −7.0
Liberal Democrats Philip Knowles 6,989 12.1 +6.2
Green John Yorke 2,500 4.3 +1.2
Yorkshire Laurence Waterhouse 1,077 1.9 −1.8
Independent Nick Jardine 961 1.7 New
Majority 27,210 47.2 +6.7
Turnout 57,703 69.9 −0.6
Conservative hold Swing +3.3

General election 2017: Richmond (Yorks)[33][34]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Rishi Sunak 36,458 63.9 +12.5
Labour Dan Perry 13,350 23.4 +10.2
Liberal Democrats Tobie Abel 3,360 5.9 −0.5
Yorkshire Chris Pearson 2,106 3.7 New
Green Fiona Yorke 1,739 3.1 −1.2
Majority 23,108 40.5 +4.3
Turnout 57,013 70.5 +5.8
Conservative hold Swing +1.2

General election 2015: Richmond (Yorks)[35][36]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Rishi Sunak 27,744 51.4 −11.4
UKIP Matthew Cooke 8,194 15.2 New
Labour Mike Hill 7,124 13.2 −2.1
Liberal Democrats John Harris 3,465 6.4 −12.7
Independent John Blackie 3,348 6.2 New
Green Leslie Rowe 2,313 4.3 +1.5
Independent Robin Scott 1,811 3.4 New
Majority 19,550 36.2 −7.5
Turnout 53,999 64.7 −2.5
Conservative hold Swing −13.3
William Hague

General election 2010: Richmond (Yorks)[37][38]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative William Hague 33,541[note 4] 62.8 +3.5
Liberal Democrats Lawrence Meredith 10,205 19.1 +2.2
Labour Eileen Driver 8,150 15.3 −5.3
Green Leslie Rowe 1,516 2.8 −0.3
Majority 23,336 43.7 +4.1
Turnout 53,412 67.2 +2.6
Conservative hold Swing +4.4

Elections in the 2000s
General election 2005: Richmond (Yorks)[40]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative William Hague 26,722 59.1 +0.2
Labour Neil Foster 8,915 19.7 −2.2
Liberal Democrats Jacquie Bell 7,982 17.7 −0.2
Green Leslie Rowe 1,581 3.5 New
Majority 17,807 39.4 +2.3
Turnout 45,200 65.0 −2.4
Conservative hold Swing +1.2
General election 2001: Richmond (Yorks)[41]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative William Hague 25,951 58.9 +10.0
Labour Co-op Fay Tinnion 9,632 21.9 −5.9
Liberal Democrats Thomas Forth 7,890 17.9 −0.5
Monster Raving Loony Boney Steniforth 561 1.3 New
Majority 16,319 37.0 +15.9
Turnout 44,034 67.4 −6.0
Conservative hold Swing +8.0

Elections in the 1990s
General election 1997: Richmond (Yorks)[42]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative William Hague 23,326 48.9 −13.0
Labour Co-op Steven Merritt 13,275 27.8 +16.2
Liberal Democrats Jane Harvey 8,773 18.4 −7.3
Referendum Alex Bentley 2,367 5.0 New
Majority 10,051 21.1 −15.1
Turnout 47,741 73.4 −5.0
Conservative hold Swing −13.9
General election 1992: Richmond (Yorks)[43][44]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative William Hague 40,202 61.9 +0.7
Liberal Democrats George Irwin 16,698 25.7 −1.3
Labour Ross Cranston 7,523 11.6 −0.2
Independent A. Michael Barr 570 0.9 New
Majority 23,504 36.2 +2.0
Turnout 64,993 78.4 +6.3
Conservative hold Swing +1.0

Elections in the 1980s
Richmond by-election, 1989
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative William Hague 19,543 37.2 -24.0
SDP Mike Potter 16,909 32.2 New
SLD Barbara Pearce 11,589 22.1 -4.9
Labour Frank Robson 2,591 4.9 -6.9
Green Robert Upshall 1,473 2.8 New
Monster Raving Loony Screaming Lord Sutch 167 0.3 New
Independent Anthony Millns 113 0.2 New
Corrective Party Lindi St Clair 106 0.2 New
Liberal Nicholas Watkins 70 0.1 New
Majority 2,634 5.0 -29.2
Turnout 52,561 64.4 -7.7
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1987: Richmond (Yorks)[45]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Leon Brittan 34,995 61.2 -1.4
Liberal David Lloyd-Williams 15,419 27.0 -0.7
Labour Frank Robson 6,737 11.8 +2.1
Majority 19,576 34.2 -0.7
Turnout 57,151 72.1 +3.4
Conservative hold Swing -0.3
General election 1983: Richmond (Yorks)[46]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Leon Brittan 32,373 62.6
Liberal D. Raw 14,307 27.7
Labour Co-op Barbara Hawkins 4,997 9.7
Majority 18,066 34.9
Turnout 51,677 68.7 -3.4
Conservative hold Swing

Elections in the 1970s
General election 1979: Richmond (Yorks)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Timothy Kitson 28,958 61.5 +4.6
Liberal G. Hodgson 9,964 21.1 -2.3
Labour Ken Bratton 8,173 17.4 -2.3
Majority 18,994 40.4 +6.9
Turnout 47,095 72.1 -3.4
Conservative hold Swing +3.5
General election October 1974: Richmond (Yorks)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Timothy Kitson 23,156 56.9 -1.3
Liberal P. Waudby 9,528 23.4 -1.9
Labour Ian Wilkie 8,025 19.7 +3.2
Majority 13,628 33.5 +0.6
Turnout 40,709 65.7 -9.8
Conservative hold Swing +0.6
General election February 1974: Richmond (Yorks)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Timothy Kitson 26,994 58.2 -4.6
Liberal Elizabeth May Graham 11,727 25.3 -0.9
Labour Edward Pearce 7,659 16.5 -9.7
Majority 15,267 32.9 -3.7
Turnout 46,380 75.5 +7.1
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1970: Richmond (Yorks)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Timothy Kitson 30,471 62.8 +6.2
Labour Michael Aldrich 12,702 26.2 +1.6
Liberal John R. Smithson 5,354 11.0 -7.8
Majority 17,769 36.6 +4.5
Turnout 48,527 68.4 -2.9
Conservative hold Swing

Elections in the 1960s
General election 1966: Richmond (Yorks)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Timothy Kitson 23,541 56.6 -2.3
Labour W. Patrick Lisle 10,210 24.6 +3.9
Liberal Clifford Keith Wain Schellenberg 7,824 18.8 -1.6
Majority 13,331 32.0 -6.2
Turnout 41,575 71.3 -4.3
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1964: Richmond (Yorks)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Timothy Kitson 25,345 58.9 -16.5
Labour Gordon A. Knott 8,908 20.7 -3.9
Liberal Clifford Keith Wain Schellenberg 8,787 20.4 New
Majority 16,437 38.2 -12.7
Turnout 43,040 75.6 +4.1
Conservative hold Swing

Elections in the 1950s
General election 1959: Richmond (Yorks)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Timothy Kitson 28,270 75.44
Labour Mabel McMillan 9,203 24.56
Majority 19,067 50.88
Turnout 37,473 71.49
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1955: Richmond (Yorks)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Thomas Dugdale 24,979 73.57
Labour Richard Hoyle 8,974 26.43
Majority 16,005 47.14
Turnout 33,953 67.25
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1951: Richmond (Yorks)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Thomas Dugdale 26,231 70.62
Labour Richard Hoyle 10,915 29.38
Majority 15,316 41.24
Turnout 37,146 74.36
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1950: Richmond (Yorks)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Thomas Dugdale 22,999 59.20
Labour F.W. Beaton 8,694 22.38
Liberal Douglas Eugene Moore 7,157 18.42
Majority 14,305 36.82
Turnout 38,850 74.36
Conservative hold Swing

Elections in the 1940s
General election 1945: Richmond (Yorks)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Thomas Dugdale 18,332 52.87 -24.1
Liberal M.W. Darwin 9,427 27.19 New
Labour George Henry Metcalfe 6,104 17.60 -5.1
Common Wealth Roy Norman Chesterton 813 2.34 New
Majority 8,905 25.68 -28.6
Turnout 34,676 68.38 +0.3
Conservative hold Swing N/A

Elections in the 1930s
General election 1935: Richmond (Yorks)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Thomas Dugdale 25,088 77.03
Labour Alfred Jonathan Best 7,369 22.70 New
Majority 17,719 54.33
Turnout 32,457 68.10
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1931: Richmond (Yorks)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Thomas Dugdale Unopposed N/A N/A
Conservative hold Swing N/A

Elections in the 1920s
General election 1929: Richmond (Yorks)[47]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Unionist Thomas Dugdale 19,763 57.5 N/A
Liberal John Dixon Hinks 14,634 42.5 New
Majority 5,129 15.0 N/A
Turnout 34,397 79.4 N/A
Unionist hold Swing N/A
General election 1924: Richmond (Yorks)[47]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Unionist Murrough Wilson Unopposed N/A N/A
Unionist hold Swing N/A
General election 1923: Richmond (Yorks)[47]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Unionist Murrough Wilson Unopposed N/A N/A
Unionist hold Swing N/A
General election 1922: Richmond (Yorks)[47]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Unionist Murrough Wilson Unopposed N/A N/A
Unionist hold Swing N/A

Election results 1868–1918

Elections in the 1860s
General election 1868: Richmond (Yorks)[48]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Roundell Palmer 375 81.2 N/A
Liberal William Henry Roberts 87 18.8 N/A
Majority 288 62.4 N/A
Turnout 462 71.1 N/A
Registered electors 650
Liberal hold Swing N/A

Elections in the 1870s

Palmer resigned after being appointed Lord Chancellor and being elevated to the peerage, becoming Lord Selborne.

By-election, 7 Nov 1872: Richmond (Yorks)[48]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Lawrence Dundas 314 57.9 -42.1
Independent Liberal Charles Edward Brunskill Cooke[49][50] 228 42.1 New
Majority 86 15.8 N/A
Turnout 542 79.5 N/A
Registered electors 682
Liberal hold Swing N/A

Dundas succeeded to the peerage, becoming Earl of Zetland.

By-election, 27 May 1873: Richmond (Yorks)[48]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal John Dundas Unopposed
Liberal hold
General election 1874: Richmond (Yorks)[48]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal John Dundas 313 54.7 N/A
Independent Liberal Charles Edward Brunskill Cooke 259 45.3 N/A
Majority 54 9.4 −53.0
Turnout 572 81.0 +9.9
Registered electors 706
Liberal hold Swing N/A

Elections in the 1880s
General election 1880: Richmond (Yorks)[48]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal John Dundas 447 75.8 +21.1
Conservative George Swinburne-King[51] 143 24.2 New
Majority 304 51.6 +42.2
Turnout 590 84.8 +3.8
Registered electors 696
Liberal hold Swing N/A
General election 1885: Richmond (Yorks)[15][52][53]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Frederick Milbank 4,869 53.0 −22.8
Conservative George Elliot 4,320 47.0 +22.8
Majority 549 6.0 −45.6
Turnout 9,189 81.8 −3.0
Registered electors 11,237
Liberal hold Swing −22.8
General election 1886: Richmond (Yorks)[15][52]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative George Elliot 4,810 55.5 +8.5
Liberal Edmund Turton 3,859 44.5 -8.5
Majority 951 11.0 N/A
Turnout 8,669 77.1 −4.7
Registered electors 11,237
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +8.5

Elections in the 1890s
General election 1892: Richmond (Yorks)[15][52]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative George Elliot 4,340 50.9 -4.6
Liberal Edmund Turton 4,181 49.1 +4.6
Majority 159 1.8 -9.2
Turnout 8,521 79.9 +2.8
Registered electors 10,669
Conservative hold Swing -4.6
Hutton
General election 1895: Richmond (Yorks)[15][52][54]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative John Hutton 4,555 53.4 +2.5
Liberal Edmund Turton 3,971 46.6 -2.5
Majority 584 6.8 +5.0
Turnout 8,526 79.9 0.0
Registered electors 10,669
Conservative hold Swing +2.5

Elections in the 1900s
Howard
General election 1900: Richmond (Yorks)[52][54][55]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative John Hutton 4,573 59.5 +6.1
Liberal Geoffrey Howard 3,117 40.5 −6.1
Majority 1,456 19.0 +12.2
Turnout 7,690 74.2 −5.7
Registered electors 10,369
Conservative hold Swing +6.1
Acland
General election 1906: Richmond (Yorks)[15][52][55]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Francis Dyke Acland 4,470 50.6 +10.1
Conservative Lawrence Dundas 4,368 49.4 -10.1
Majority 102 1.2 N/A
Turnout 8,838 87.4 +13.2
Registered electors 10,112
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing +10.1

Elections in the 1910s
General election January 1910: Richmond (Yorks)[15][56]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative William Orde-Powlett 5,246 55.8 +6.4
Liberal Francis Dyke Acland 4,163 44.2 −6.4
Majority 1,083 11.6 N/A
Turnout 9,409 89.7 +2.3
Registered electors 10,485
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +6.4
General election December 1910: Richmond (Yorks)[15][56]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative William Orde-Powlett Unopposed
Conservative hold

General Election 1914–15:

Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;

General election 1918: Richmond (Yorks)[47]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
C Unionist Murrough Wilson 9,857 66.8 N/A
National Farmers Union William Parlour 4,907 33.2 New
Majority 4,950 33.6 N/A
Turnout 14,764 48.1 N/A
Unionist hold Swing N/A
C indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government.

Election results 1832–1868

Elections in the 1830s
General election 1832: Richmond (Yorks)[16][48]
Party Candidate Votes %
Whig Robert Lawrence Dundas Unopposed
Whig John Dundas Unopposed
Registered electors 273
Whig hold
Whig hold
General election 1835: Richmond (Yorks)[16][48]
Party Candidate Votes %
Whig Thomas Dundas Unopposed
Whig Alexander Speirs Unopposed
Registered electors 278
Whig hold
Whig hold
General election 1837: Richmond (Yorks)[16][48]
Party Candidate Votes %
Whig Thomas Dundas Unopposed
Whig Alexander Speirs Unopposed
Registered electors 272
Whig hold
Whig hold

Dundas succeeded to the peerage, becoming 2nd Earl of Zetland and causing a by-election.

By-election, 12 March 1839: Richmond (Yorks)[16][48]
Party Candidate Votes %
Whig Robert Lawrence Dundas 162 66.9
Conservative Miles Thomas Stapleton, 8th Baron Beaumont 80 33.1
Majority 82 33.8
Turnout 242 85.2
Registered electors 284
Whig hold

Elections in the 1840s

Speirs resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, causing a by-election.

By-election, 16 February 1841: Richmond (Yorks)[48][16]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig George Wentworth-FitzWilliam Unopposed
Registered electors 276
Whig hold
General election 1841: Richmond (Yorks)[48][16]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig John Dundas Unopposed
Whig William Nicholas Ridley-Colborne Unopposed
Registered electors 276
Whig hold
Whig hold

Colborne's death caused a by-election.

By-election, 8 April 1846: Richmond (Yorks)[48]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig Henry Rich Unopposed
Whig hold

Rich was appointed a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury, causing a by-election.

By-election, 13 July 1846: Richmond (Yorks)[48]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig Henry Rich Unopposed
Whig hold
General election 1847: Richmond (Yorks)[48]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig Marmaduke Wyvill Unopposed
Whig Henry Rich Unopposed
Registered electors 283
Whig hold
Whig hold

Elections in the 1850s
General election 1852: Richmond (Yorks)[48]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig Marmaduke Wyvill Unopposed
Whig Henry Rich Unopposed
Registered electors 243
Whig hold
Whig hold
General election 1857: Richmond (Yorks)[48]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig Marmaduke Wyvill Unopposed
Whig Henry Rich Unopposed
Registered electors 342
Whig hold
Whig hold
General election 1859: Richmond (Yorks)[48]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Marmaduke Wyvill Unopposed
Liberal Henry Rich Unopposed
Registered electors 327
Liberal hold
Liberal hold

Elections in the 1860s

Rich's resignation caused a by-election.

By-election, 9 July 1861: Richmond (Yorks)[48]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Roundell Palmer Unopposed
Liberal hold

Palmer was appointed Attorney General for England and Wales, causing a by-election.

By-election, 17 October 1863: Richmond (Yorks)[48]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Roundell Palmer Unopposed
Liberal hold
General election 1865: Richmond (Yorks)[48]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Roundell Palmer Unopposed
Liberal John Dundas Unopposed
Registered electors 316
Liberal hold
Liberal hold

Dundas' death caused a by-election.

By-election, 6 March 1866: Richmond (Yorks)[48]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Marmaduke Wyvill 213 94.2 N/A
Liberal William Henry Roberts[57] 13 5.8 N/A
Majority 200 88.4 N/A
Turnout 226 71.5 N/A
Registered electors 316
Liberal hold Swing N/A

Pre-1832 election results

Elections in the 1830s
General election 1830: Richmond (Yorks)[16][58]
Party Candidate Votes %
Whig Robert Lawrence Dundas Unopposed
Whig John Dundas Unopposed
Whig hold
Whig hold
General election 1831: Richmond (Yorks)[16][58]
Party Candidate Votes %
Whig Robert Lawrence Dundas Unopposed
Whig John Dundas Unopposed
Registered electors 273
Whig hold
Whig hold

See also

Notes
  1. A county constituency (for the purposes of election expenses and type of returning officer)
  2. As with all constituencies, the constituency elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election at least every five years.
  3. The latest 2011 census statistics include minimal percentages of social housing and welfare recipience.
  4. This was the Conservative Party's highest vote share in the 2010 General Election, with William Hague securing 62.8% of the vote.[39]

References
  1. "Constituency data: electorates – House of Commons Library". Parliament UK. 15 June 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  2. "Rishi Sunak warns of profound economic challenges after winning race to become prime minister". BBC News. 23 October 2022. Retrieved 24 October 2022.
  3. "The 2023 Review of Parliamentary Constituency Boundaries in England – Volume one: Report – Yorkshire and the Humber | Boundary Commission for England". boundarycommissionforengland.independent.gov.uk. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
  4. "Richmond 1604-1629". History of Parliament.
  5. "Richmond 1754-1790". History of Parliament.
  6. Profile: reclusive Labour donor David Abrahams The Times - 26 November 2007
  7. Colin Patterson (2 December 2007). "How Sunday Sun broke first David Abrahams story". Sunday Sun. Retrieved 2 December 2007.
  8. Profile of David Abrahams BBC News - 27 November 2007
  9. "History of Parliament". History of Parliament trust. Retrieved 16 October 2011.
  10. Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "R" (part 1)
  11. At the general election of 1727, Wyvill and Bathurst were returned as elected, but on petition they were unseated in favour of Yorke and Darcy, the dispute turning on who had the right to vote
  12. Sir Conyers Darcy was re-elected in 1747 but had also been elected for Yorkshire, which he chose to represent, and did not sit again for Richmond
  13. Sir Lawrence Dundas was also elected for Edinburgh, which he chose to represent, and did not sit for Richmond
  14. Thomas Dundas was also elected for Stirlingshire, which he chose to represent, and did not sit for Richmond in this parliament
  15. British Parliamentary Election Results 1885-1918, FWS Craig
  16. Stooks Smith, Henry (1845). The Parliaments of England, from 1st George I., to the Present Time. Vol II: Oxfordshire to Wales Inclusive. London: Simpkin, Marshall, & Co. pp. 150–155, 162–164. Retrieved 29 November 2018 – via Google Books.
  17. Churton, Edward (1838). The Assembled Commons or Parliamentary Biographer: 1838. pp. 76, 193, 211. Retrieved 29 November 2018 – via Google Books.
  18. Mosse, Richard Bartholomew (1838). The Parliamentary Guide: a concise history of the Members of both Houses, etc. pp. 157, 218. Retrieved 29 November 2018 – via Google Books.
  19. "Richmond Election". The Pilot. 18 March 1839. p. 2. Retrieved 29 November 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  20. "London, Monday, March 11, 1839". Hampshire Telegraph. 18 March 1839. p. 1. Retrieved 29 November 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  21. "North-Riding Election". Yorkshire Gazette. 14 March 1857. pp. 7–8. Retrieved 19 August 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  22. "Evening Mail, from Wednesday, June 23, to Friday, June 25, 1841". Evening Mail. 25 June 1841. p. 6. Retrieved 29 November 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  23. Styled Lord Dundas after his father was created an Earl in 1838
  24. "Electoral Decisions". Northern Star and Leeds General Advertiser. 3 July 1841. p. 24. Retrieved 24 June 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  25. "Members Returned". Norfolk News. 7 August 1847. p. 2. Retrieved 24 June 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  26. Stooks Smith, Henry. (1973) [1844–1850]. Craig, F. W. S. (ed.). The Parliaments of England (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. pp. 160, 235–237. ISBN 0-900178-13-2.
  27. Ollivier, John (1841). Ollivier's parliamentary and political director. p. 19. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
  28. "Wilts and Gloucestershire Standard". 10 July 1852. p. 3. Retrieved 1 July 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  29. "General Election". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 15 July 1837. p. 3. Retrieved 11 November 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  30. Later Sir George Elliott
  31. "Electoral and elections documents: Statement of Persons Nominated Richmond (Yorks) & Notice of Poll". Hambleton District Council. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
  32. Minting, Stuart (13 December 2019). "Rishi Sunak increases Conservative majority in Richmond". Darlington and Stockton Times. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
  33. "Statement of Persons Nominated" (PDF). Hambleton District Council. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
  34. "BBC Election Site". BBC. Retrieved 10 June 2017.
  35. "Election Data 2015". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  36. "Richmond (Yorks)". BBC News. Retrieved 13 May 2015.
  37. "Election Data 2010". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  38. "Richmond [Yorks]". BBC News. Retrieved 7 May 2010.
  39. "The UK General Election 2010 In-depth" (PDF). electoral-reform.org.uk. 6 May 2010. p. 32. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  40. "Election Data 2005". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  41. "Election Data 2001". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  42. "Election Data 1997". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  43. "Election Data 1992". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  44. "Politics Resources". Election 1992. Politics Resources. 9 April 1992. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
  45. "Election Data 1987". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  46. "Election Data 1983". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  47. Craig, F. W. S. (1983). British parliamentary election results 1918-1949 (3 ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. ISBN 0-900178-06-X.
  48. Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (e-book) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3.
  49. "Representation of Richmond". Aberdeen Press and Journal. 6 November 1872. p. 3. Retrieved 18 January 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  50. "Richmond". Staffordshire Advertiser. 9 November 1872. p. 3. Retrieved 18 January 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  51. "The Tory Instructions to Voters". York Herald. 31 March 1880. p. 5. Retrieved 10 December 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  52. The Liberal Year Book, 1907
  53. Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1886
  54. Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1901
  55. Craig, FWS, ed. (1974). British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885-1918. London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 9781349022984.
  56. Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1916
  57. "Richmond Election". Yorkshire Gazette. 10 March 1866. p. 2. Retrieved 16 March 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  58. Casey, Martin. "Richmond". The History of Parliament. Retrieved 21 April 2020.

Sources
  • D Brunton & D H Pennington, Members of the Long Parliament (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1954)
  • Cobbett's Parliamentary history of England, from the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the year 1803 (London: Thomas Hansard, 1808)
  • F W S Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (2nd edition, Aldershot: Parliamentary Research Services, 1989)
  • J Holladay Philbin, Parliamentary Representation 1832 - England and Wales (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965)
  • Henry Stooks Smith, The Parliaments of England from 1715 to 1847 (2nd edition, edited by FWS Craig - Chichester: Parliamentary Reference Publications, 1973)
  • The Constitutional Yearbook for 1913 (London: National Unionist Association,

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