Rishama
A rishama (rišama; riš-ama) or rishema (Classical Mandaic: ࡓࡉࡔࡀࡌࡀ, lit. ''head/leader of the people''; Arabic: ريشما; Persian: ریشا اد اما) is a religious patriarch in Mandaeism.[1] It is the highest rank out of all the Mandaean clergical ranks.[2] The next ranks are the ganzibra and tarmida priests (see Mandaean priest).
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In Iraq, the current rishama is Sattar Jabbar Hilo.[3][4][5] In Australia, the Rishama and head of the Mandaean community is Salah Choheili.[6]
Notable rishama or patriarchs
- Anush bar Danqa, the leader of the Mandaeans, who appeared before Muslim authorities at the beginning of the Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia
- Yahya Bihram, who revived the entire Mandaean priesthood during the 1830s
- Sattar Jabbar Hilo, the current Mandaean patriarch in Iraq
- Dakhil Aidan, patriarch from 1917 to 1964 in Iraq
- Jabbar Choheili (d. 2014), rishama in Iran
- Salah Choheili, the current rishama and head of the Mandaean community in Australia[7]
- Zazai d-Gawazta bar Hawa, patriarch datable to around the year 270 CE and earliest known copyist of Alma Rišaia Zuṭa, Qolasta, The Thousand and Twelve Questions, The Baptism of Hibil Ziwa, Scroll of Exalted Kingship and The Wedding of the Great Šišlam. The Ginza Rabba, however, predates Zazai's time.[8]: 157 [9]
References
- "His Holiness Sattar Jabbar Hilo – Global Imams Council". Global Imams Council. Retrieved 2021-09-21.
- Al-Saadi, Qais Mughashghash; Al-Saadi, Hamed Mughashghash (2012). Ginza Rabba: The Great Treasure. An equivalent translation of the Mandaean Holy Book. Drabsha.
- "Leader of the world's Mandaeans asks for help". Gesellschaft für bedrohte Völker e.V. (GfbV). Retrieved 2021-09-21.
- "برئاسة الريش امة ستار جبار حلو، كجةجي يلتقي وفد من طائفة الصابئة المندائيين". cese.iq. 2014. Retrieved 2021-09-21.
- "الريشما ستار جبار حلو رئيس ديانة الصابئة المندائيين". Mandaean Library مكتبة موسوعة العيون المعرفية (in Arabic). Retrieved 2021-09-21.
- "Harmony Day - Liverpool signs declaration on cultural and religious harmony". Liverpool City Champion. 25 March 2019. Archived from the original on 5 November 2021. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
- "Rishamma Salah Choheili: July 2016, Chapter 1". The Worlds of Mandaean Priests. 2016-07-01. Retrieved 2021-11-09.
- Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2002). The Mandaeans: ancient texts and modern people (PDF). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-515385-5. OCLC 65198443.
- Gündüz, Şinasi. "The problems of the nature and date of Mandaean sources". Retrieved 21 November 2021.
External links
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