Risorius
The risorius muscle is a highly variable muscle of facial expression. It has numerous and very variable origins, and inserts into the angle of the mouth. It receives motor innervation from branches of facial nerve (CN VII). It may be absent or asymmetrical in some people. It pulls the angle of the mouth sidewise, such as during smiling.
| Risorius | |
|---|---|
 Superficial muscles of the head and neck, showing the risorius in red. This version of the muscle does not match that shown in most sources. | |
 Muscles of the head, face, and neck. Risorius shown in red. This is the most standard version of the direction and origin of the muscle. | |
| Details | |
| Origin | parotid fascia |
| Insertion | modiolus |
| Artery | facial artery |
| Nerve | buccal branch of the facial nerve |
| Actions | draws back angle of mouth |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | Musculus risorius |
| TA98 | A04.1.03.028 |
| TA2 | 2078 |
| FMA | 46838 |
| Anatomical terms of muscle | |
Structure
The risorius muscle is highly variable.[1]
Attachments
Its peripheral attachments may include (some or all of): the parotid fascia, masseteric fascia, the fascia enveloping the pars modiolaris of the platysma muscle, fascia overlying the mastoid part of temporal bone, and/or the zygomatic arch.[1]
Its apical and subapical (i.e. convergent) attachment is at the modiolus.[1]
Innervation
The risorius receives motor innervation from the buccal branch of the facial nerve (CN VII).[1]
Vasculature
The risorius receives arterial supply mostly from the superior labial artery.[1]
Variation
The risorius muscle is highly variable. It ranges in form from one or more slender bundles to a wide (yet thin) fan.[1] It may be absent in a significant minority of people, and may be asymmetrical.[2]
Relations
It is superficial to the masseter muscle, partially overlying it.[3]
Function
The risorius muscle draws the angle of the mouth lateral-ward.[1] It participates in producing facial expressions like a smile,[4] grin, or laugh.[1]
Clinical significance
Because it partially overlies the masseter muscle, it may be unintentionally affected during botox injections, resulting in unnatural facial expressions.[3]
Other animals
It has been suggested that the risorius muscle is only found in Homininae (African great apes and humans).[5]
Additional images
Position of risorius.
References
This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 385 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)
- Standring, Susan (2020). Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice (42th ed.). New York. p. 626. ISBN 978-0-7020-7707-4. OCLC 1201341621.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Waller, Bridget M.; Cray, James J.; Burrows, Anne M. (2008). "Selection for universal facial emotion". Emotion. 8 (3): 435–9. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.612.9868. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.8.3.435. PMID 18540761.
- Bae, Jung-Hee; Choi, Da-Yae; Lee, Jae-Gi; Seo, Kyle K.; Tansatit, Tanvaa; Kim, Hee-Jin (December 2014). "The Risorius Muscle: Anatomic Considerations With Reference to Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection for Masseteric Hypertrophy". Dermatologic Surgery. 40 (12): 1334–1339. doi:10.1097/DSS.0000000000000223. ISSN 1076-0512. PMID 25393348. S2CID 29325936.
- Wilson, P. D. (2014). "Anatomy of Muscle". Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences. Elsevier. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.00250-6. ISBN 978-0-12-801238-3.
- Page 288 in Diogo, R.; Wood, B. (2011). "Soft-tissue anatomy of the primates: Phylogenetic analyses based on the muscles of the head, neck, pectoral region and upper limb, with notes on the evolution of these muscles". Journal of Anatomy. 219 (3): 273–359. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01403.x. PMC 3171772. PMID 21689100.
