Riverdale, Bronx

Riverdale is a residential neighborhood in the northwestern portion of the New York City borough of the Bronx. Riverdale, which had a population of 47,850 as of the 2000 United States Census, contains the city's northernmost point, at the College of Mount Saint Vincent.[3] Riverdale's boundaries are disputed, but it is commonly agreed to be bordered by Yonkers to the north, Van Cortlandt Park and Broadway to the east, the Kingsbridge neighborhood to the southeast, either the Harlem River or the Spuyten Duyvil neighborhood to the south, and the Hudson River to the west. Riverdale Avenue is the primary north–south thoroughfare through Riverdale.[4][5]

Riverdale
Neighborhood of the Bronx
Bell Tower Park in Riverdale
Bell Tower Park in Riverdale
Location in New York City. This map also includes Spuyten Duyvil, which is sometimes considered the southern border.
Coordinates: 40.894°N 73.913°W / 40.894; -73.913
Country United States
State New York
CityNew York City
BoroughThe Bronx
Community DistrictBronx 8[1]
Founded1852
Named forThe numerous brooks, streams and meadows in the hilly region.
Area
 • Total7.03 km2 (2.714 sq mi)
Population
 (2010)
 • Total47,850
 • Density6,800/km2 (18,000/sq mi)
Economics
Includes Fieldston[2]
 • Median income (2019)$64,360
ZIP Codes
10463, 10471
Area code718, 347, 929, and 917

The neighborhood is part of Bronx Community District 8, and its ZIP Codes include 10463 and 10471. The area is patrolled by the 50th Precinct of the New York City Police Department.[1]

History

Legend states that in 1664, Anthony Van Corlaer (later determined to be a fictional character) died while attempting to swim across the Harlem River from nearby Spuyten Duyvil.[6] In the legend, a witness to Van Corlaer's death stated that "the devil" in the shape of a giant fish swam up and proceeded to "seize the sturdy Anthony by the leg and drag him beneath the waves." This fictional account may be a reference to the earliest recorded shark attack in the New World.[7] In the late 17th century, Frederick Philipse, the lord of Philipse Manor in Westchester County, received permission to construct a bridge across Spuyten Duyvil Creek and charge tolls. "King's Bridge", which was located roughly south of and parallel to where West 230th Street lies today, opened in 1693.[8]

Early in its residential development, Riverdale was a 19th-century estate district where many of Manhattan's moguls built their country estates; for example, in northern Riverdale, what is now Fieldston was part of the estate of Major Joseph Delafield, who purchased 250 acres (100 ha) in 1829, and named it after his family's estate in England. At the turn of the century, the new popularity of railroad commute enabled wealthy businessmen to make Riverdale their year-round residence. Fieldston, owned by a private association, is a particularly intact example of a turn-of-the-century upper-class suburb. The Hudson Hill neighborhood retains many of its historic mansions. Riverdale's elite private schools and historic churches also reflect this past. Development of the neighborhood began in the latter half of the 19th century once the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad came through.[4] The tracks originally crossed Spuyten Duyvil Creek and into Manhattan on the west side, but Cornelius Vanderbilt wanted to consolidate his railroad operations into one terminal. He had tracks laid along the north side of the Harlem River so that trains coming south from Albany could join with the Harlem and New Haven lines and come into Manhattan down the Park Avenue main line, along modern-day Park Avenue, into his new Grand Central Depot.[9] This is the route still used by the Metro-North Railroad's Hudson Line.

The Delafield family laid out lots in Fieldston in 1909 – the year after the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line (present-day 1 train) was extended to Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street, intending to develop the land, which at first was called "Delafield Woods". Rather than use a grid plan, civil engineer Albert E. Wheeler, following the suggestions made by Frederick Law Olmsted and James R. Croes in 1876, designed a street plan which followed the contours of the land and preserved as much of the wooded areas as possible. The first house was begun in 1910 and finished in 1911;[4][10] by the beginning of the 21st century, Fieldston, a privately owned community, was one of the wealthiest neighborhoods in New York City.[11] Leland Weintraub, the commissioner who moved for the district's creation, noted that "most of the features commonly associated with the American romantic suburb of the mid-19th century", including "a picturesque site, landscaping and architecture; connection to the city by accessible transportation and a layout adapted to the topography" are present in the area.[12]

In 1928, Genevieve Ludlow Griscom, who was a member of a small religious group called the Outer Court of the Order of the Living Christ, built a 15,000-square-foot (1,400 m2) mansion at 360 West 253rd Street – also addressed as 5200 Longview Place – for the express purpose of housing Jesus Christ when the Second Coming occurred. After being derelict for a number of years under successive owners, the mansion was bought in 1987 by entrepreneur Jerry Galuten, who renovated it into an even more opulent 17 room home. After being on- and off-the market for eight years, with an asking price as high as $15 million, the house sold in January 2017 for $6.25 million.[13]

As the 20th century progressed, upscale apartment buildings and smaller houses were added to the neighborhood. To this day, Riverdale continues to maintain its character as an affluent enclave in the city of New York.[14][15][16] The rich history of Riverdale has led to the creation of the Riverdale Historic District.

In May 2009, the FBI ran a sting operation to prevent a bombing plot in which two Riverdale synagogues were the suggested targets.[17] This followed a Molotov cocktail attack in 2000 on a different Riverdale synagogue[18][19] and the 1989 firebombing of the Riverdale Press.[20]

On July 26, 2010, the National Weather Service confirmed that an EF1 tornado had hit Riverdale the day before. There were no fatalities, but seven people were injured.[21]

On December 1, 2013, a train derailment near Spuyten Duyvil station resulted in four deaths and over 70 injuries, of which 11 were critical.[22]

Geography
Palisades (New Jersey), looking west across the Hudson River from Sigma Place, Riverdale.

Riverdale covers about 3 square miles (7.8 km2) in area. It has one of the highest elevations in New York City, affording it views of the Empire State Building, George Washington Bridge, Hudson River and New Jersey Palisades. It is also noted for the numerous parks and expanses of greenery and original forest that complement its hilly landscape. The neighborhood is bordered on the north by the city of Yonkers in Westchester County, and on the west by the Hudson River, but its eastern and southern boundaries are frequently disputed.[4][5] The AIA Guide to New York City gives Broadway as the eastern boundary, and the Harlem River as the southern.[23] There are several long-debated subsections of Riverdale:[5]

Location of Riverdale within the Bronx
  • Central Riverdale (the "downtown" area of Riverdale – from Manhattan College Parkway to West 232nd Street and from the Henry Hudson Parkway to Riverdale Avenue and Waldo Avenue)
  • Fieldston (Riverdale south of West 250th Street, east of the Henry Hudson Parkway, north of Manhattan College Parkway, and west of Tibbett Avenue)
  • Hudson Hill (Riverdale above West 246th Street and west of Henry Hudson Parkway)
  • North Riverdale (Riverdale above West 254th Street and west of Fieldston Road)
  • Mosholu (Riverdale East of Fieldston Road and above West 254th Street, includes Spencer Ave, Huxley Rd, Post Rd, and Broadway)
  • Spuyten Duyvil / South Riverdale (the southernmost section of Riverdale, below West 232nd Street or West 239th Street by some definitions. Also included is the business, commercial and shopping district located at West 231`Street and Broadway)
  • Villanova Heights (a sub-division bounded by Fieldston Road on the east, 250th Street on the south, and the Henry Hudson Parkway on the west and north)[24][25]

The leafy, scenic enclave of Fieldston was designated a historic district by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 2006.[10] There is also a 15-acre Riverdale Historic District in the northwest of the neighborhood, designated in 1990.[10]

Demographics
A pathway in Wave Hill

Based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of Riverdale was 27,860, a change of -153 (-0.5%) from the 28,013 counted in 2000. Covering an area of 1,139.68 acres (461.21 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 24.4 inhabitants per acre (15,600/sq mi; 6,000/km2).[26]

The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 67.5% (18,794) White, 7.7% (2,136) African American, 0.1% (26) Native American, 5.3% (1,468) Asian, 0% (4) Pacific Islander, 0.3% (91) from other races, and 1.6% (446) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17.6% (4,895) of the population.[27] The neighborhood has a substantial Jewish presence.[28] In 2003, a majority of the Jewish population in the Bronx lived in Riverdale.[29]

The entirety of Community District 8, which comprises Riverdale, Fieldston, and Kingsbridge, had 102,927 inhabitants as of NYC Health's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 80.9 years.[30]: 2, 20  This is about the same as the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods.[31]: 53 (PDF p. 84) [32] Most inhabitants are youth and middle-aged adults: 20% are between the ages of between 0–17, 28% between 25–44, and 25% between 45–64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 9% and 18% respectively.[30]: 2 

As of 2017, the median household income in Community District 8 was $53,986.[33] In 2018, an estimated 15% of Riverdale residents lived in poverty, compared to 25% in all of the Bronx and 20% in all of New York City. One in eleven residents (9%) were unemployed, compared to 13% in the Bronx and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 52% in Riverdale, compared to the boroughwide and citywide rates of 58% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018, Riverdale is considered high-income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying.[30]: 7 

Housing

Riverdale is home to the modernist landmark Saul Victor house, designed by Ferdinand Gottlieb in 1967. Other famous mansions in the Hudson Hill neighborhood include: Greyston (1864), Alderbrook (1880), Stonehurst (1861) and Oaklawn (1863). Since 2005, Central Riverdale has experienced a building boom with the addition of many mid- and high-rise condominium buildings.[34] With a median residence value of $579,196 as of 2013, Riverdale is one of the most expensive neighborhoods in New York City and is considered one of the most sought-after residential neighborhoods.[35]

Before the wider development of Riverdale, housing consisted of large, architecturally distinguished mansions built in the early 20th century, mostly in Georgian- and Tudor-revival styles, which recall scenes of "rural Connecticut" rather than the city.[36] These are mostly concentrated in the Fieldston section of Riverdale, known as the estate area. In addition, more affordable pre-war buildings and smaller houses are scattered throughout Riverdale. The 1950s saw the construction of many low-rise (six-story) brick buildings. By the early to mid-1960s, a number of larger brick towers (10–20 stories) started popping up. Many of these full-service buildings featuring doormen were designed by architect Philip Birnbaum, who designed over 300 buildings in the city, including Skyview, the Windsors, and the Whitehall.[37]

In 1974, a large, fortress-like residential compound and school was established in North Riverdale by the Permanent Mission of the USSR to the United Nations (now the Permanent Mission of the Russian Federation to the UN) to house diplomats and their families. The 20-story building was constructed from the top down, with the upper floors built first.[38]

By the 1980s, most of the apartment buildings that were owned by single landlords and rented, were converted into cooperatives. Unlike most of the Bronx, Riverdale is mostly owner-occupied housing. Spuyten Duyvil has the greatest concentration of high rises in Riverdale with the Century, 555 Kappock, and Winston Churchill next to one another. Since 2005, Central Riverdale has experienced a building boom with the addition of many mid- and high-rise condominium buildings that contrast with the older brick style.

Arbor

In August 2008, Columbia University purchased an almost-completed apartment building near Henry Hudson Parkway for use as faculty housing. This building would go on to be named the Arbor. The Arbor is located at 3260 Henry Hudson Parkway, at the corner of West 235th Street. It houses Columbia students who take classes at the CUIMC, Morningside, or Manhattanville campuses.[39] Students sign one-year leases for apartments that have between one and three bedrooms.[40]

The Arbor Shuttle operates between Morningside, CUIMC, and the Arbor, using cutaway vans. It is billed as the main means of transport between the Arbor and Morningside, but it only operates on weekdays on an hourly schedule. The shuttle formerly also served the 231st Street station, but has since been cut back to only serve the Arbor.[40][41]

  • JFK house at 5040 Independence Avenue
    JFK house at 5040 Independence Avenue
  • Lou Gehrig's house
    Lou Gehrig's house
  • A house on Independence Avenue
    A house on Independence Avenue
  • Palisade Avenue
    Palisade Avenue

Media

A Pulitzer-Prize-winning weekly newspaper, the Riverdale Press brings news of interest to residents of the neighborhood.

Political representation

In the United States House of Representatives, Riverdale is located within New York's 15th congressional district,[42] which is represented by Democrat Ritchie Torres.[43] Riverdale is part of 34th district of the New York State Senate,[44][45] represented by Democrat Alessandra Biaggi,[46] and the 81st Assembly district, represented by Democrat Jeffrey Dinowitz.[47][48][46] In the New York City Council, Riverdale is part of District 11, represented by Democrat Eric Dinowitz.[49][50]

Police and crime
Northbound Henry Hudson Parkway

Riverdale is patrolled by the 50th Precinct of the NYPD, located at 3450 Kingsbridge Avenue.[51] The 50th Precinct ranked 13th safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010.[52] As of 2018, with a non-fatal assault rate of 40 per 100,000 people, Riverdale's rate of violent crimes per capita is less than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 225 per 100,000 people is lower than that of the city as a whole.[30]: 8  Riverdale is known for having some of the lowest crime rates in New York City.[36]

The 50th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 69.9% between 1990 and 2022. The precinct reported three murders, 22 rapes, 185 robberies, 213 felony assaults, 126 burglaries, 695 grand larcenies, and 288 grand larcenies auto in 2022.[53]

Fire safety

Riverdale contains a New York City Fire Department (FDNY) fire station, Engine Co. 52/Ladder Co. 52, at 4550 Henry Hudson Parkway East. Engine Co. 52/Ladder Co. 52 is the only firehouse in Riverdale and the northernmost fire station operated by the FDNY.[54][55]

Health

As of 2018, preterm births are slightly more common in Riverdale than in other places citywide, though births to teenage mothers are less common. In Riverdale, there were 89 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 13.1 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide).[30]: 11  Riverdale has a relatively average population of residents who are uninsured. In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 16%, higher than the citywide rate of 12%.[30]: 14 

The concentration of fine particulate matter, the deadliest type of air pollutant, in Riverdale is 0.0075 milligrams per cubic metre (7.5×10−9 oz/cu ft), more than the city average.[30]: 9  Ten percent of Riverdale residents are smokers, which is lower than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers.[30]: 13  In Riverdale, 24% of residents are obese, 12% are diabetic, and 28% have high blood pressure—compared to the citywide averages of 24%, 11%, and 28% respectively.[30]: 16  In addition, 21% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%.[30]: 12 

Eighty-six percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is less than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 83% of residents described their health as "good," "very good," or "excellent," higher than the city's average of 78%.[30]: 13  For every supermarket in Riverdale, there are 10 bodegas.[30]: 10 

The nearest hospitals are James J. Peters VA Medical Center in Kingsbridge Heights, North Central Bronx Hospital and Montefiore Medical Center in Norwood.[56]

Post offices and ZIP Codes

Riverdale is located within two ZIP Codes. The area north of Manhattan College Parkway and 239th Street is in 10471, while the area south of these two streets is in 10463. While 10471 is entirely in Riverdale, 10463 also covers the adjacent neighborhoods of Kingsbridge, Bronx, and Marble Hill, Manhattan.[57] The United States Postal Service operates three post offices nearby:

  • Riverdale Station – 5951 Riverdale Avenue[58]
  • Fieldston Station – 444 West 238th Street[59]
  • Spuyten Duyvil Station – 444 West 238th Street[59]

Education
College of Mount Saint Vincent

Riverdale generally has a similar rate of college-educated residents to the rest of the city as of 2018. While 45% of residents age 25 and older have a college education or higher, 18% have less than a high school education and 37% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 26% of Bronx residents and 43% of city residents have a college education or higher.[30]: 6  The percentage of Riverdale students excelling in math rose from 21% in 2000 to 48% in 2011, and reading achievement increased from 28% to 33% during the same time period.[60]

Riverdale's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is about the same as the rest of New York City. In Riverdale, 20% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year, higher than the citywide average of 20%.[31]: 24 (PDF p. 55) [30]: 6  Additionally, 78% of high school students in Riverdale graduate on time, higher than the citywide average of 75%.[30]: 6 

Public schools

The public schools are a part of the New York City Department of Education. The public elementary schools are the Spuyten Duyvil School (P.S. 24)[61] and the Robert J. Christen School (P.S. 81).[62] There is one zoned public middle and high school in Riverdale: M.S./H.S 141, the Riverdale Kingsbridge Academy.[63] Nearby public high schools that serve the community include the Bronx High School of Science, a specialized high school;[64] John F. Kennedy High School Campus, consisting of four separate high schools;[65] and the IN-Tech Academy MS/HS 368, which also contains a middle school.[66]

Private schools

Riverdale is home to three top-tier private schools: Horace Mann, Riverdale Country, and Fieldston, all members of the Ivy Preparatory School League; and two Roman Catholic colleges: The College of Mount Saint Vincent and Manhattan College.

An increase in the Jewish population of the neighborhood in the late twentieth century led to Riverdale now being home to top-ranked Jewish day schools, the SAR Academy, an elementary school, and the SAR High School, as well as the Yeshiva of Telshe Alumni, Yeshiva Ohavei Torah, Yeshivat Chovevei Torah and Yeshivat Maharat. Catholic elementary schools in the area are Visitation School, St. Gabriel's School, and St. Margaret of Cortona School, where President John F. Kennedy received his Confirmation.[67]

Russian Mission Residency

The area also has several preschools. Kinneret Day School is a private Jewish day school in Spuyten Duyvil, serving grades K through 8 in addition to pre-school.[68] Others are BedRock Preschool, the Riverdale Temple Nursery School, Spuyten Duyvil Preschool,[69] SAR Academy (Early Learning Center), Riverdale Nursery School and Family Center,[70] the Riverdale Presbyterian Church Nursery School,[71] and Riverdale Montessori School.

The Russian Mission School in New York is located in Riverdale,[72][73] on the grounds of the Russian Mission Residency.[74]

Libraries

The New York Public Library (NYPL) operates three branches near Riverdale.

  • The Van Cortlandt branch is located at 3882 Cannon Place. The two-story, 5,800-square-foot (540 m2) branch opened in 2019, replacing a smaller one-story branch a few blocks away, which opened in 1969 and consisted of a single room.[75]
  • The Riverdale branch is located at 5540 Mosholu Avenue. The branch opened in 1967, replacing a smaller library, and is located in a one-story L-shaped brick building surrounded by a garden.[76]
  • The Spuyten Duyvil branch is located at 650 West 235th Street. The one-story branch opened in 1971 and was designed by Giorgio Cavaglieri.[77]

Transportation

Public transportation
The Riverdale station of the Metro-North Railroad

The following MTA Regional Bus Operations bus routes serve Riverdale:[78]

Columbia Transportation's Arbor Shuttle terminates at West 235th Street and Henry Hudson Pkwy. The Queens Riverdale Commuter Route terminates at West 238th Street and Riverdale Avenue.

Riverdale is served by the 1 train of the New York City Subway, at the following stations:[79]

Riverdale is also served by the following Bee-Line Bus System routes, which run to Westchester County:[78][80]

Metro-North commuter railroad service is available at two stations, both on the Hudson Line: the Spuyten Duyvil station at Edsall Avenue and the Riverdale station between West 254th and 255th Streets. Hudson Rail Link connects the Metro-North stations to the surrounding area, with Routes A, B, C, and D serving Riverdale station, and Routes J, K, L, and M serving Spuyten Duyvil station.

Road

By car, Riverdale is commonly reached by the Henry Hudson Parkway (NY 9A) via the Henry Hudson Bridge, and by Broadway (US 9) via the Broadway Bridge.

Points of interest

Parks
  • Wave Hill, a combination botanical garden and outdoor art gallery, is located in the so-called Hudson Hill overlooking the Hudson River.
  • Gaelic Park, has been owned by Manhattan College since 1991, and is the home field of many of its sports teams, including lacrosse, soccer and softball, as well as the school's intramural sports.[81][82] Gaelic Park also is headquarters of the New York GAA, where Gaelic football and hurling are played in the New York metropolitan area. Gaelic Park is the home field for Rugby United New York in Major League Rugby. Gaelic Park is located at West 240th Street.
  • Bell Tower Park next to the Henry Hudson Parkway has the Riverdale Monument, a stone war memorial built in 1930. The Bell Tower was designed by architect Dwight James Baum. The plaque that sits on the Bell Tower lists the names of individuals from Riverdale and neighboring areas who served in World War I.[83]
  • Brust Park, fronting Manhattan College Parkway and Greystone Avenue, is maintained by Stewards of Brust Park and its volunteers from the community and Manhattan College's Green Club.

Houses of worship

Community organizations
  • Bronx Community Board 8 is a group of community members working under the mandate of the City Charter to monitor the delivery of city services, establish budget priorities, and influence land-use decisions.
  • Riverdale Hatzalah Volunteer Ambulance Corp.[86] is supported by community donations, and offers fast, reliable medical treatment and transport free of charge.
  • Riverdale YM-YWHA is a community center for youth, adult and senior activities.
  • Riverdale Children's Theater is a local theatre company that has performed many pilot productions of musicals. This 501 c-3 theatre arts program was founded in 2010 and offers a myriad of theatre programs.[87]

Museums
  • Derfner Judaica Museum maintains a collection of approximately 1,400 objects used in traditional Jewish ceremonies and rituals, as well as Jewish art.
  • Wave Hill, the former residence of Mark Twain among others, is a botanical garden featuring two preserved historic mansions. It has exhibit spaces with a rotating series of art exhibitions, and performance spaces with a noted series of concerts.

Notable people

Riverdale has often been cited in literature, film and television. Exteriors of many of Riverdale's locations have been used in both television and movie production.

Literature

Films

Television

  • On television's Mad Men, Joan Holloway reveals that she and her husband are considering relocating to Riverdale, explaining, "It's close to Columbia Presbyterian. Plus, Greg wants a yard".[152]

See also

References

Notes

  1. "NYC Planning | Community Profiles". communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov. New York City Department of City Planning. Retrieved June 6, 2018.
  2. "Riverdale/Fieldston Neighborhood Profile". NYU Furman Center. December 31, 2017. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  3. Schneider, Daniel B. "F.Y.I." Archived October 8, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, July 1, 2001. Accessed April 20, 2021. "Getting Your Bearings Q. Where are the city's northern, southern, eastern and westernmost points, and what is the greatest distance between one point and another? A.... According to A Natural History of New York City by John Kieran (Houghton Mifflin, 1959), the easternmost point is in Glen Oaks, Queens, at about 73 degrees 42 minutes west longitude, and the extreme northern point is the bank of the Hudson in the Mount St. Vincent area of the Bronx, at about 40 degrees 55 minutes north latitude."
  4. Ultan, Lloyd. "Riverdale" in Jackson, Kenneth T., ed. (2010). The Encyclopedia of New York City (2nd ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11465-2.. pp. 1108–09.
  5. "Editorial comment: Where we live now". The Riverdale Press. The Bronx. July 10, 2008. Retrieved October 29, 2013. Just what are Riverdale's boundaries? Community historians and residents have been trying to answer that question for decades.
  6. Boland, Ed, Jr. "F.Y.I.: Beating the Devil" Archived January 2, 2017, at the Wayback Machine The New York Times (October 13, 2002)
  7. Fernicola, Richard G. (2001). Twelve Days of Terror: A Definitive Investigation of the 1916 New Jersey Shark Attacks. Guilford, CT: Lyons Press. pp. 104–105. ISBN 978-1-58574-575-3. Retrieved August 20, 2011. Antony Van Corlear shark.
  8. Burrows, Edwin G. and Wallace, Mike (1999). Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-195-11634-8., p.100
  9. Burrows, Edwin G. and Wallace, Mike (1999). Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-195-11634-8., p.944
  10. New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission; Dolkart, Andrew S.; Postal, Matthew A. (2009). Postal, Matthew A. (ed.). Guide to New York City Landmarks (4th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-28963-1., pp.344-45
  11. Hermalyn, Gary D. "Fieldston" in Jackson, Kenneth T., ed. (2010). The Encyclopedia of New York City (2nd ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11465-2., p.441
  12. "Postings: Historic Designation; Recognizing Riverdale". The New York Times (Late Edition (East Coast) ed.). October 21, 1990. p. A.1. Retrieved June 11, 2009.
  13. Gollayan, Christian (April 8, 2017) "NYC mansion built for Jesus finally sells" Archived August 31, 2017, at the Wayback Machine New York Post
  14. Cary, Bill (November 11, 2016) "Riverdale: A Bit of Suburbia in New York City" Archived February 4, 2018, at the Wayback Machine The Wall Street Journal (subscription required)
  15. Hughes, C. J. (May 7, 2016) "Moving to the Bronx" Archived November 17, 2018, at the Wayback Machine The New York Times
  16. Ferretti, Fred (October 6, 1989) "Uptight in Riverdale" New York
  17. Hernandez, Javier C.; Chan, Sewell (May 22, 2009). "N.Y. Bomb Plot Suspects Acted Alone, Police Say". The New York Times. Retrieved April 10, 2010.
  18. "Two Rabbis Find They're Separated Only by Doctrine". The New York Times. May 30, 2009. Retrieved March 8, 2017.
  19. Gregorian, Dareh (March 27, 2009). "ACTS VS. BLDGS. 'HATE CRIMES'". Retrieved March 8, 2017.
  20. Freedman, Samuel G. (May 30, 2009). "Two Rabbis Find They're Separated Only by Doctrine". The New York Times. p. A17. To the would-be bombers of two Bronx houses of worship, the distinctions between Reform and Orthodox Judaism were either irrelevant or invisible
  21. "Nat'l Weather Service confirms tornado in Riverdale". New York: News12. Archived from the original on September 8, 2012.
  22. Barron, James; Goodman, J. David (December 1, 2013). "Focus Turns to Investigation in Fatal Bronx Train Crash". The New York Times.
  23. White, Norval; Willensky, Elliot; Leadon, Fran (2010). AIA Guide to New York City (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 868. ISBN 978-0-19538-386-7.
  24. Rowland, Amy. "Smile When You Call Them McMansions" Archived December 25, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times (June 5, 2009)
  25. Flegenheimer, Matt. "In Riverdale, More 'For Sale' Signs Than Sales" Archived November 8, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times (December 5, 2011)
  26. Table PL-P5 NTA: Total Population and Persons Per Acre - New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010 Archived June 10, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Population Division - New York City Department of City Planning, February 2012. Accessed June 16, 2016.
  27. Table PL-P3A NTA: Total Population by Mutually Exclusive Race and Hispanic Origin - New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010 Archived June 10, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Population Division - New York City Department of City Planning, March 29, 2011. Accessed June 14, 2016.
  28. Kassel, Matthew (February 1, 2022). "Ritchie Torres to pick up Riverdale in latest redistricting". Jewish Insider. Retrieved February 5, 2022.
  29. Mark, Jonathan (July 11, 2003). "For The Bronx, It's Desolation Row". jewishweek.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved February 5, 2022.
  30. "Riverdale and Fieldston (Including Fieldston, Kingsbridge, Marble Hill, Riverdale, Spuyten Duyvil and Van Cortlandt Village)" (PDF). nyc.gov. NYC Health. 2018. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
  31. "2016-2018 Community Health Assessment and Community Health Improvement Plan: Take Care New York 2020" (PDF). nyc.gov. New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. 2016. Retrieved September 8, 2017.
  32. "New Yorkers are living longer, happier and healthier lives". New York Post. June 4, 2017. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
  33. "NYC-Bronx Community District 8--Riverdale, Fieldston & Kingsbridge PUMA, NY". Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  34. White, Norval; Willensky, Elliot; Leadon, Fran (2010). AIA Guide to New York City (5 ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199758647.
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  89. Eisenberg, Jason. "'Alter ego' explores borough's culinary culture" Archived November 6, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, The Riverdale Press, June 12, 2008. Accessed November 5, 2016. "His name is Baron Ambrosia and he is the alter ego of Riverdale resident Justin Fornal."
  90. "A Brief History of Wave Hill". Wave Hill- A public garden & cultural center. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
  91. "Hannelore Baron, Artist, 61; Known for Symbolic Collages" Archived November 4, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, May 1, 1987. Accessed August 24, 2020. "Hannelore Baron, an artist known for her collages and box assemblages, died of cancer Tuesday at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center. She was 61 years old and lived in Riverdale."
  92. Gulizia, Stefano. "Bartók in New York: I. Manhattan Noise (Allegro non troppo)" Archived August 7, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Alla Turca, March 7, 2014. Accessed March 16, 2017. "At this stage, the whole family had already moved into a second flat in Riverdale, in the Bronx, which was leafy and quiet then, not too different from the suburban area of Csalán út in Hungary where they used to live."
  93. Wirsing, Robert. "Former Bronx Congressman Mario Biaggi dies at 97" Archived January 27, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, Bronx Times Reporter, July 3-9, 2015. Accessed March 16, 2022. "Well-known for his go-to reputation and direct involvement in his constituents' affairs, former Bronx Congressman Mario Biaggi died last Wednesday, June 24 at his Riverdale apartment. He was 97."
  94. Oestrich, James R. "Rudolf Bing, Titan of the Met, Dies at 95" Archived March 16, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, September 3, 1997. Accessed March 16, 2022. "Sir Rudolf Bing, who as the dapper and acerbic general manager of the Metropolitan Opera from 1950 to 1972 ushered the company into the modern era and into Lincoln Center, died yesterday at St. Joseph's Hospital in Yonkers. He was 95 and lived at the Hebrew Home for the Aged at Riverdale in the Bronx."
  95. Pace, Eric. "Ex-Rep. Jonathan Bingham, 72, Dies" Archived May 10, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, July 4, 1986. Accessed November 5, 2016. "Former Representative Jonathan B. Bingham, the veteran liberal Democrat from the Bronx, died yesterday at Presbyterian Hospital. He was 72 years old and lived in the Riverdale section of the Bronx."
  96. "June Bingham Birge, Who Wrote Books and Plays, Dies at 88". The New York Times. August 29, 2007. Retrieved May 4, 2008. June Bingham Birge, the author of books and plays, died on Aug. 21 at her home in the Riverdale section of the Bronx.
  97. Jacobson, Mark (April 17, 2006). "Joltin' Jew". New York. Retrieved May 3, 2008. I lived in Riverdale, in the same building with Willie Mays
  98. Lehmann-Haupt, Christopher (March 22, 2005). "Ted Brown, Talk Show Host and New York Radio D.J., Is Dead". The New York Times. Retrieved May 4, 2008. As a teenager in the 1950s, Jonathan Schwartz, another New York radio colleague, watched Mr. Brown broadcasting from his basement studio at his home in Riverdale, in the Bronx.
  99. Blomberg, Ron (2010). Designated Hebrew. Skyhorse Publishing Inc. p. 120. ISBN 9781613210550.
  100. Baum, Gary. "What Really Happened the Night Hollywood Power Publicist Ronni Chasen Was Killed?" Archived June 19, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, The Hollywood Reporter, November 16, 2016. Accessed August 24, 2020. "Chasen was born in Kingston, N.Y., in 1946 (as Veronica Cohen; she supposedly took her last name as a nod to the since-shuttered Hollywood hotspot Chasen's). She was raised in the Riverdale neighborhood of the Bronx and the Washington Heights section of Manhattan before moving to L.A. in the 1970s, initially to pursue acting, having already appeared on Guiding Light and The Patty Duke Show."
  101. "Russell Inslee Clark Jr., 64, a Dean at Yale" Archived September 17, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, August 7, 1999. Accessed August 24, 2020. "Russell Inslee Clark Jr., who as dean of undergraduate admissions at Yale University presided over the enrollment of Yale's first women in 1969, died on Tuesday at a hospital in Wallingford, Conn. He was 64 and lived in Riverdale, the Bronx."
  102. Gorenberg, Gershom (March 2, 2008). "How Do You Prove You're a Jew?". The New York Times. Retrieved May 4, 2008. Farber ... grew up in Riverdale, N.Y....
  103. "Profile: Fernando Ferrer". The New York Times. August 10, 2005. Retrieved May 4, 2008.
  104. Bernstein, Nina. "Ward of the State; The Gap in Ella Fitzgerald's Life" Archived November 6, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, June 23, 1996. Accessed August 24, 2020. "Her most recent biographer, Stuart Nicholson, has surmised that the authorities caught up with her and placed her in the Colored Orphan Asylum in Riverdale.... But the Riverdale orphanage -- the only one open to black children -- was overwhelmed as the Depression converged with the great migration of poor blacks from the rural South."
  105. "SIDNEY FREY DIES; MADE HI-FI DISKS; Ex-Head of Audio Fidelity, 47, Popularized Stereo". The New York Times. January 14, 1968. Retrieved July 26, 2008.
  106. Dempsey, John (March 5, 1998). "TV news giant Friendly dies: Legacy of integrity and highest standards". Variety. Retrieved May 3, 2008. ... Friendly was at home in the Riverdale section of the Bronx...when he died.
  107. Yardley, Jonathan (April 5, 2005). "Book World Live: Luckiest Man: The Life and Death of Lou Gehrig". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 10, 2018. Retrieved May 3, 2008. Henry Louis Gehrig died at his house in the pleasant New York City neighborhood of Riverdale.
  108. "Lucy interviews Jordan Gelber". Avenue Q. Retrieved May 4, 2008.
  109. VJ: The unplugged adventures of MTV's first wave. New York: Atria Books. 2013. ISBN 9781451678147.
  110. Stern, Sarah (April 1994). "'Frumpies' Come to Town And Observe Shabbos in Riverdale". The Forward. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved June 11, 2009. 'Now it's commonplace,' says Blu Greenberg, a long time Riverdale resident, author and feminist.
  111. Goldberger, Paul "Charles E. Hughes 3d Dead; Leader In Bank Architecture" Archived May 11, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, January 10, 1985. Accessed August 24, 2020. "Mr. Hughes, who lived in the Riverdale section of the Bronx, was the grandson of Charles Evans Hughes, the former Chief Justice of the United States."
  112. Eder, Richard (December 13, 1990). "BOOK REVIEW Living at the Low End of the Upper Crust GENTLEMAN REBEL The Memoirs of H. Stuart Hughes". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 4, 2008. When Joseph P. Kennedy moved from Riverdale to greater things, the Hugheses thriftily bought his house
  113. McNeil, Kate (January 3, 2008). "For Yeshiva's president, life can imitate television". The Riverdale Press. Bronx, NY. Archived from the original on February 12, 2009. Retrieved May 3, 2008. Riverdale resident Richard Joel...
  114. "Leatrice Joy, 91, Dies; Actress in Silent Films" Archived November 21, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, May 18, 1985. Accessed August 24, 2020. "Leatrice Joy, a leading silent-film actress, died of acute anemia Monday at the High Ridge House nursing home in the Riverdale section of the Bronx. She was 91 years old."
  115. "Eric R. Kandel - Biographical". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2013. Retrieved December 4, 2013. Finally, Denise was on the Columbia faculty and our house in Riverdale was near Columbia
  116. Soong, Kelyn (May 15, 2016). "Runner Ida Keeling turns 101 today. She has no plans to slow down". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 22, 2020. For her efforts, Keeling, who lives by herself in the Riverdale section of the Bronx in New York City, was named the USA Track and Field Athlete of the Week...With a time of 1 minute 17.33 seconds in the 100-meter race for mixed masters age 80 and over, Keeling set a world record in the distance for women ages 96-100.
  117. McPhee, Michele; Wedge, Dave (August 2005). "The Fall of Joan". Boston. Archived from the original on May 21, 2008. Retrieved May 4, 2008. Virginia Joan Bennett was born September 9, 1936, in the Riverdale section of the Bronx...
  118. Gross, Max (April 24, 2008). "Riverdale Run". New York Post. Retrieved May 3, 2008. John F. Kennedy spent his youth in an enormous white mansion on Independence Avenue
  119. Bernstein, Nina; Stein, Robin (December 16, 2004). "Mystery Woman in Kerik Case: Nanny". The New York Times. Retrieved May 4, 2008. Most puzzled about the nanny, perhaps, are former neighbors of the Keriks and their kin. In the Riverdale section of the Bronx, where the family lived in a first-floor apartment for years
  120. Jackson, Nancy. "If You're Thinking of Living In/Fieldston; A Leafy Enclave in the Hills of the Bronx" Archived August 6, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, February 17, 2002. Accessed August 24, 2020. "Fiorello H. La Guardia, a three-time mayor of New York, lived and died at 5020 Goodridge Avenue.... After World War II, Richard Simon, founder of Simon & Schuster, bought a Georgian red-brick Baum house where he brought up his three musical daughters: Joanna, Lucy and Carly. Today, residents include United Nations ambassadors from Benin and Guinea; Jennifer J. Raab, president of Hunter College and former head of the city's Landmarks Preservation Commission; and G. Oliver Koppell, the former New York attorney general newly elected to the City Council. Theodore Kheel, the labor lawyer, has a house around the corner from Ruth Friendly..."
  121. Robbins, Tom. "Ted Kheel, 96, City Lion of Labor Settlements" Archived January 22, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, The Village Voice, November 15, 2010. Accessed August 24, 2020. "He helped raise funds for Martin Luther King Jr.'s cause, hosting the minister at his gracious home in Riverdale in the early 60s when money from the north was a lifeline to the civil rights battles being waged down south."
  122. "If You Haven't Heard Of Oliver Koppell" Archived September 22, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, The Bronx Chronicle, May 4, 2014. Accessed August 24, 2020. "With Riverdale resident and former NYS Attorney General Oliver Koppell finally set to announce a challenge against Klein, East Bronx residents will be hearing alot from Koppell in the coming months, as the campaign heats up an mailboxes start to fill up with information informing voters about the race."
  123. McCarthy, Peggy. "A New York Irishman, and Flaunting It" Archived July 21, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, March 16, 1997. Accessed November 30, 2019. "When John L. Lahey was growing up in St. Margaret's parish in the Riverdale section of the Bronx, he thought the world was Irish."
  124. "Novelist Chri" (Press release). Archived from the original on August 31, 2006. . "... Lehmann-Haupt resides in Riverdale with his wife, writer Natalie Robins.
  125. Bruni, Frank. "Manhattan Through a Warped Window; Featured in a Film: A Homeless Tour Guide's Offbeat City View" Archived November 8, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, October 1, 1998. Accessed November 30, 2019. "Mr. Levitch grew up in a middle-class Jewish family of five in Riverdale, the Bronx, and attended Horace Mann, a respected private school."
  126. "14 things you should know about Jack Lew". The Washington Post.
  127. Kuvadia, Aimee; and Sugarman, Raphael. "Chris Lighty, hip-hop pioneer, commits suicide" Archived August 1, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, Riverdale Press, September 5, 2012. Accessed November 30, 2019. "Hip-hop mogul Chris Lighty, 44, born Darrell Lighty, died the morning of Aug. 30 in his single-family home in Spuyten Duyvil from an apparent self-inflicted gunshot wound to the head, according to police."
  128. Collins, Glenn. "Baseball: Subway Series; 1956 vs. 2000? It's Deja Vu All Over Again, Except for When It's Not" Archived August 15, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, October 21, 2000. Accessed November 30, 2019. "In 1956, the Dodger legend Pee Wee Reese occupied a modest brick duplex on Barwell Terrace in Bay Ridge, pitcher Sal Maglie lived in Riverdale and many Yankees occupied an apartment hotel on the Grand Concourse in the Bronx."
  129. James, Megan. "No doubt about it, nun inspired playwright" Archived November 6, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, The Riverdale Press, January 29, 2009. Accessed November 5, 2016. "A Sister of Charity for 55 years, Sister McEntee is a native of Riverdale."
  130. Wolfer, Sondra (July 21, 2008). "Olympic fencer Tim Morehouse takes his stab at being the best". Daily News. New York. Retrieved August 5, 2008. Tim Morehouse took up fencing at the Riverdale Country School as an excuse to get out of gym class
  131. Hartocollis, Anemona (March 20, 2008). "Apartment Complex Official Accused of Taking $1 Million". The New York Times. The Century, built in 1976, is home to Tracy Morgan, the actor and comedian.
  132. Glueck, Grace. "Art: Peru's 'Nazca Lines' As Seen From Air" Archived January 11, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, February 5, 1982. Accessed November 30, 2019. "Feb. 20 marks the 100th birthday of the sculptor Elie Nadelman (1882-1946), who spent the last 26 years of his life living and working in the Riverdale section of the Bronx."
  133. Panero, Hugh. "Getting By, Getting Through" Archived December 25, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, June 25, 2006. Accessed August 24, 2020. "Born in Manhattan; grew up in Riverdale in the Bronx"
  134. Foderaro, Lisa W. "Multitasking, With Time for the Roses" Archived March 13, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, July 2, 2010. Accessed August 24, 2020. "Jennifer J. Raab, who has been the president of Hunter College for nine years, has also been an urban planner, corporate lawyer, campaign manager and, before leading Hunter, chairwoman of the city's Landmarks Preservation Commission.... On Sundays, Ms. Raab unwinds at home in Riverdale with her husband and daughter, Miranda Goodwin-Raab, 17."
  135. Dose, Sarah. "Alfonso Ribeiro reveals origin of 'Carlton Dance'" Archived December 25, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, The Des Moines Register, October 13, 2014. Accessed March 28, 2017. "I was born and raised in Riverdale, N.Y. After starring on Broadway and appearing with Michael Jackson in a Pepsi commercial, I moved to Los Angeles in 1984 when I was 12 to work on the show Silver Spoons."
  136. Fox, Margalit. "Rabbi Herschel Schacter Is Dead at 95; Cried to the Jews of Buchenwald: 'You Are Free'" Archived March 29, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, March 27, 2013. Accessed November 30, 2019. "A resident of the Riverdale section of the Bronx, Rabbi Schacter is survived by his wife, the former Pnina Gewirtz, whom he married in 1948; a son, Rabbi Jacob J. Schacter, who confirmed his father's death; a daughter, Miriam Schacter; four grandchildren; and eight great-grandchildren."
  137. Staff. "Westchester's Ben Schwartz and His Ninja (Acting) Skills" Archived March 29, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Westchester magazine, September 2012. Accessed March 28, 2017. "I grew up in Riverdale in the Northern Bronx initially and then moved to Westchester, and had a pretty good time in each place."
  138. Parhizkar, Maryam (May–June 2007). "David Shapiro '68: Four Decades of Poems". Columbia College Today. New York. Archived from the original on March 27, 2008. Retrieved May 4, 2008.
  139. Carly Simon Archived September 20, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, Music Museum of New England. Accessed August 24, 2020. "On June 25, 1945, Carly Simon, a New England music icon, was born in the Bronx, NY. Although she grew up in Riverdale, NY, she chose to live most of her life in Massachusetts, a state which happily adopted her as one of its own."
  140. Lowenstein, Roger (July 16, 2006). "As Governor, What Would His Battles Be?". The New York Times. Retrieved April 13, 2008. Eliot and his two siblings grew up in the prosperous Riverdale enclave of the Bronx...
  141. Dunlap, David W. (November 16, 1987). "Bronx Residents Fighting Plans Of a Developer". The New York Times. Retrieved May 4, 2008. A group of neighbors from Riverdale and Spuyten Duyvil has demanded that the city acquire as a public park the 4.75 acre parcel known as the Douglas-U Thant estate, north of 232d Street, between Palisade and Douglas Avenues.
  142. Frank, Mortimer H. (April 2002). "A Toscanini Odyssey". The Juilliard Journal Online. Retrieved February 26, 2008. That archive was housed at Wave Hill, Toscanini's Riverdale residence during World War II
  143. "Interview with Dr. Neil deGrasse Tyson". Sandra Kitt.
  144. Walker, Rebecca (2000). Black, White and Jewish: Autobiography of a Shifting Self. San Val, Incorporated. ISBN 9780613494052.
  145. "FEAR THAT GEN. WEBB WILL NOT RECOVER; Artillery Commander in the "Bloody Angle" at Gettysburg on His Deathbed". The New York Times. February 12, 1911. Retrieved May 4, 2008.
  146. Stern, Eliyahu (May 24, 2002). "Leaping to respectability". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on October 19, 2012. Retrieved May 4, 2008. Based in the affluent Jewish enclave of Riverdale, in the New York City borough of the Bronx, Weiss has never really been accepted in the upper echelons of the US Jewish establishment.
  147. "Tommy Wonder, 78, Ex-Ziegfeld Dancer" Archived March 10, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, December 18, 1993. Accessed August 24, 2020. "Tommy Wonder, a principal dancer in the Ziegfeld Follies of 1943, died last Saturday at Cabrini Medical Center. He was 78 and lived in Riverdale, the Bronx."
  148. "They were there". The Riverdale Press. January 29, 2009. Retrieved August 1, 2021.
  149. "Rosalyn Yalow - Biographical". Nobel Media AB 2013. Retrieved December 4, 2013. During that period Aaron and I had two children, Benjamin and Elanna. We bought a house in Riverdale, less than a mile from the VA.
  150. Kerouac, Jack (2007). On the Road (50th Anniversary ed.). Viking. p. 10. ISBN 9780670063260.
  151. Andrew Wolf. "Riverdale Review, June 21, 2012 by Andrew Wolf". Issuu.
  152. "My Old Kentucky Home". Mad Men. Season 3.

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