Robert Habersham Coleman

Coleman was born in Savanah, Georgia, the son of Susan Ellen Habersham (1835–1892) and William Coleman (1826–1864).[1][6][7] His paternal great-grandfather, Robert Coleman, established an ironmaking dynasty in Cornwall, Pennsylvania in last quarter of the 1700s.[6]

When his father died in 1864, nine-year-old Coleman and his seven-year-old sister Anne jointly inherited 1/3 of the Cornwall Ore Mines in Pennsylvania, as well as $1.2 million each in a trust (equivalent to $22,452,766 in today's money).[1][6][8][9] The Cornwall Ore Mines was"the world's richest iron mine."[5] His r wealth grew during the Civil War because of the need for munitions.[4] Samuel Small, Coleman's guardian, protected the estate through economic crises by investing in farmland and herds of prize livestock.[4] Small also expanded the inherited ironmaking business, purchasing Donaghmore Furnace in Lebanon and constructing the Burd Coleman Furnaces in North Cornwall, Pennsylvania.[4]

Ellen Coleman purchased a residence on Madison Avenue in New York City.[10][8] The family also spent time in her hometown of Savannah and traveled to England, France, and Germany in the summers.[9][4] Coleman was educated by his mother.[4] When he was fifteen, he enrolled in the Rectory, a school in Hamden, Connecticut.[4][9]

Three years later, he attended Trinity Collage where he became interested in all things mechanical, especially trains.[4] He became class president, president of the chess club, and a member and president of the Fraternity of Delta Psi (aka St. Anthony Hall).[11][4][12] He also played first base and was manager of Trinity's baseball team.[12] He was elected by his classmates to give the oratory at the exercises of February 22, 1877.[10] He graduated from Trinity in 1877, next to last in his class academically—but he was selected as most popular.[7] His popularity was probably influenced by "his generous parties, dances, sports, and musical pursuits."[7]

When he turned 21 in 1877, Coleman received access to his trust fund.[13][14] He also gained full ownership and control of the mines, iron furnaces, and land—his total inheritance was worth an estimate $7 million (equivalent to $192,368,750 in today's money).[12]

Saint Anthony Hall at Trinity College is listed on the National Register of Historic Places

St Luke's Episcopal Church is listed on the National Register of Historic Places

When he gained control of his trust fund in 1877, Coleman made a $10,000 (equivalent to $274,813 in today's money) gift to the York Collegiate Institute in honor of his former guardian, Samuel Small Sr.[13] Small, a wealthy banker in New York City, managed the Coleman siblings' trusts without compensation for sixteen years.[13][14] In 1877, Coleman also donated $25,000 (or $687,031 in today's money) toward a $28,000 chapter house for his fraternity of St. Anthony Hall—while he was still a student at Trinity.[26][27][12] The new Saint Anthony Hall chapter house was designed by architect and fraternity brother J. Cleaveland Cady and is now on the National Register of Historic Places.[28]

When he graduated from Trinity in June 1877, Coleman paid for a "magnificent ball" on the college's new campus.[12] In 1878, he donated a large organ to Trinity College.[29] Around 1883, Coleman was one of two major donors for the construction of Alumni Hall, a new gymnasium for Trinity.[30] The gym was dedicated in 1887 and used until it burned in 1967.[28] Coleman also served three terms as a trustee of Trinity College.[26]

In 1879, with funding from the Coleman family, the construction of St. Luke's Episcopal Church in Lancaster, Pennsylvania was underway.[1][15] In 1880, Coleman paid for its completion.[15] Designed by Henry Martyn Congdon of New York City, the church was consecrated in October 1880 in memory of his late wife Lillie.[31][32] This Ruskinian gothic style church was built of grey stone and included a 100 feet (30 m)tall tower, seating for 500 people, floor tiles from Valencia, and a hydraulic engine in its basement to supply air for the organ.[31][32][33] Later, Coleman provided funds to build a church in Mt. Pleasant, the village attached to the Colebrook Furnace. Called Trinity Chapel, its cornerstone was laid on May 27, 1888.[32]

Coleman directed a portion of his wealth to support his 5,000 workers and their families.[3][4] He built houses and schools for his workers.[3] He paid their hospital bills.[4] He also organized regular outings for employees.[4] At Christmas, each employee received a bonus check, and each Cornwall family was given a turkey and toys for the children.[4]

In 1887, Coleman donated musical instruments to the Perseverance Band of Lebanon.[34] He ordered the finest instruments available from Paris and Germany, including a bassoon, euphonium, concert flute, two French horns, an oboe, an alto saxophone, a bass saxophone, a soprano saxophone, and a tenor saxophone.[34]

In 1892, Coleman invited the Pennsylvania Chautauqua and the United Brethren Camp Meeting to use Mount Gretna without charge.[21] In 1894, he also built a rifle range and lured the Pennsylvania National Guard's annual encampment to Mount Gretna.[2][21]

On January 15, 1879, Coleman married Jennie Lillie Clarke (1853–1880) in Hartford, Connecticut.[3][35][36] She was the foster daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Lucius Barbour of Hartford, and the daughter of the late Sylvester Clarke who had been a clergyman in New Haven Connecticut.[35][36][12] The couple spent their honeymoon traveling in a private railroad car, returning to live with the Coleman family house in Lebanon.[15] This was a temporary arrangement, as Coleman hired William Bleddyn Powell, a Philadelphia architect to plan their new home.[15] In 1879, the three-year construction project began on Cornwall Hall, on his family property in Lebanon.[4][37]

On November 8, 1879, the couple sailed on a six-month trip to Europe where they planned on purchasing furnishings for Cornwall Hall.[4][15] Lillie became ill with malaria in February, and they went to Italy for its curative climate.[4][17][15] When she did not recover, they traveled to France for doctors.[4] Lillie died in Paris on May 10, 1880.[38] Her body was returned to Pennsylvania and entombed under the alter of a new church that was dedicated in her honor.[39][31][15] In his grief, Coleman stopped work on Cornwall Hall and ordered that it be razed, obliterating "every trace of what was intended" in two weeks.[4][39]

Elizabeth Farms, now called the Stiegel Coleman House, is a National Historic Landmark

Coleman married Edith Elliott Johnstone (1858–1903) on October 1, 1884.[6][40] Edith was an orphan from Savannah, Georgia that Coleman's family adopted during the Civil War.[4][9] Not only did the Coleman and Edith grow up together, she had also been Lillie's bridesmaid.[15][4] They had five children: Robert Coleman Jr. (born 1885), William Cassatt Coleman (born 1886), Ralph Elliott Coleman (born 1888), Neyle Habersham Coleman (born 1889), and Annie Caroline Coleman (born 1890).[1][4][40]

The family lived in Elizabeth Farms, the house built by Coleman's great-grandfather, located near the Cornwall Iron Furnace facility in Cornwall, Pennsylvania.[3] They decorated their home with furniture from Napoleon's palace and relics from Pompeii and Herculaneum.[3][8] Around 1886, Coleman added a stable, designed by architect William Bleddyn Powell, that was large enough for nineteen horses and several carriages, with rooms above for grooms and attendants.[8][41] Other additions to the estate included greenhouses, dog kennels, a swimming pool, bowling alleys, and Coleman's workshop where he tinkered and ran model trains.[8][2][17] Coleman, who was a talented musician, also added a music hall or conservatory in 1887, along with pianos and a $10,000 ($325,704 in today's money) pipe organ with three manuals, fifty stops, and 2,000 pipes.[42][1][43] This organ was said to be the finest work of its maker, the Rosewalt Pipe Organ Company of New York.[42]

Marie Antoinette's Music Rack, Coleman Collection

On November 29, 1892, Coleman auctioned his collection of relics and antique works of art through The Fifth Avenue Auction Rooms in New York City.[44] The auction catalog of 177 items gives insight to the art that once decorated the Coleman mansion; most items were chosen for him by art collector James Jackson Jarves.[44] The auction catalog says, "The collection consists of objects of art, in gold, silver, and the various applications of high-class gilt work, upon the finest models of the present and past centuries; of choice pieces of tapestry and embroidery, sculpture, wood-carving, pottery, marbles, paintings and antiques of every sort."[44] Coleman and Jarves acquired the majority of the collection from the estate of Prince Nikolay Demidov of Villa San Donato.[44] Highlights included items from the 18th-century French Court, Marie Antoinette, and Napoleon Bonaparte.[44] Another item of note is a stiletto once owned by Corsini de Medici, circa 1540.[44]

In late 1893, Coleman gave up on salvaging his family's fortune.[2] He was also diagnosed with tuberculosis.[3][2] The Colemans left Lebanon County for New York.[3] However, before he left, Coleman took one last ride up the Governor Dick narrow gauge line with his son, an engineer, a fireman, and a photographer.[2] Reportedly, all the Coleman family left Pennsylvania with was a horse, buggy and clothes.[5]

However, Coleman still owned his mother's house in New York City.[8] Around 1896, they decided to live in Saranac Lake, New York in the Adirondack Mountains for Coleman's health.[8] He hired architect William L. Coulter to design a shingle style cottage.[8] Its construction was underway by September 1896.[8] Coleman Cottage was located on 3/5 of an acre at 33 Church Street, but also had frontage on River Street.[8][45] Coleman built his home on top of the hill, to the rear of the regular set-back of the neighborhood.[8] This gave them a view of Lake Flower, and also provided privacy.[8] The Coleman Cottage had a tennis court and boat house.[8] The deed for their new home was in Edith's name.[8]

Coleman lived a quiet life in Saranac Lake for 34 years.[4][8] He was a bird-watcher; his "List of Adirondack Birds" was included in Alfred L. Donaldson's A History of the Adirondacks (1921).[8] However, he was a charter member of the Pontiac Club which sponsors Saranac Lake's Winter Carnival.[8] He also was the treasure of the building committee for Lake Placid Episcopal Mission when it entered into a contract with the architect William L. Coulter on December 1, 1897.[8] He also had to raise his children after Edith died from tuberculosis on May 20, 1903.[8] Coleman's sister Anne helped, but the children were eventually sent away to school.[8]

In 1900, the Lancaster newspapers reported that Coleman was a Wall Street stockbroker at a leading firm and was "growing wealthy again."[46][47] This seems to be confirmed by The New York Times which mentions the New York Security and Trust Company assigning a mortgage to Robert H. Coleman, trustee, for $10,000 ($351,760 in today's money).[48] However he still had debts; that same year, Coleman's beloved pipe organ was sold to the Longswamp Reformed Church of Mertztown, Pennsylvania at the bargain price of $1,200 ($42,211 in today's money) by Coleman's assignees.[42]

In 1910, his 22-year-old son, Ralph, committed suicide, and Coleman became "almost a complete recluse" in his grief.[8] Coleman opened a store that specialized in Havana Cigars in Saranac Lake around 1912, with his son William who had recently returned home from Trinity College, followed by travels out west.[8] When the store failed, William stayed to help care for his father.[8]

As he became increasingly ill from tuberculosis, Coleman's sister Anne cared for him.[4][1] Between 1912 and 1921, Coleman Cottage was the winter home and private commercial sanatorium of the Arthur Duncan Moir family.[8] It is unclear if Coleman still occupied the cottage in summer or if he had permanently moved to his sister's home.[8] Coleman slipped into a coma in 1930.[1][4] He died three days later at Annie's home in Hyde Park, New York.[1] He was buried at Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia with only his sister and children in attendance.[5][1]

• Trinity College presented a loving cup to Coleman during commencement week in May 1890 in honor of his generous support.[22]
• The Trinity chapter of Delta Psi made Coleman an active member for life, meaning his name was always at the top of their membership list in the Trinity yearbook.[12]
• In the chapter room of Saint Anthony Hall at Trinity College, the fireplace has a brass plaque honoring Coleman.[26]
• In 1932, Margaret Coleman Freeman Buckingham donated the Cornwall Iron Furnace with its stone furnace, steam-powered air-blast machinery, and related buildings to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.[3] This site is a museum and National Historic Landmark District.[49][3]

• Robert H. Coleman mansion and outbuildings, Lebanon County Historical Society
• Cornwall Heritage Trail