Robert L. Howard

Robert Lewis Howard (July 11, 1939 – December 23, 2009) was the most highly decorated officer of Vietnam United States Army Special Forces and Medal of Honor recipient of the Vietnam War.

Robert L. Howard
Colonel Robert L. Howard
Born(1939-07-11)July 11, 1939
Opelika, Alabama, U.S.
DiedDecember 23, 2009(2009-12-23) (aged 70)
Waco, Texas, U.S.
Buried
Arlington National Cemetery Section 7A Grave 138
AllegianceUnited States
Service/branch United States Army
Years of service1956–1992
RankColonel
Unit101st Airborne Division
5th Special Forces Group
MACV-SOG
Special Operations Command Korea
Battles/warsVietnam War
AwardsMedal of Honor
Distinguished Service Cross
Silver Star
Defense Superior Service Medal
Legion of Merit (4)
Bronze Star (4)
Purple Heart (8)
Meritorious Service Medal (3)
Air Medal (3)
Joint Service Commendation
Army Commendation Medal (7)
Other workDepartment of Veterans Affairs

He was wounded 14 times over 54 months of combat, was awarded the Medal of Honor, eight Purple Hearts, a Distinguished Service Cross,[lower-alpha 1] a Silver Star, and four Bronze Stars.

He was nominated for the Medal of Honor three times over a 13-month period but received lesser medals for the first two nominations, which were for actions performed in Cambodia where the U.S. was fighting covertly. He was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions on December 30, 1968, his third nomination.

He retired from the US Army after 36 years of service as a full colonel. He was one of the most decorated soldiers in the Vietnam War and was "said to be the most decorated service member in the history of the United States".

He died as a result of pancreatic cancer, and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery on February 22, 2010.

Biography

Howard enlisted in the Army in 1956 at Montgomery, Alabama and retired as colonel, Army Special Forces, in 1992.

Howard's service in Vietnam included assignments with 1/327th Airborne Infantry, 1st Brigade, 101st Airborne Division, 5th Special Forces Group and MACV-SOG

As a staff sergeant of the highly classified Military Assistance Command, Vietnam – Studies and Observations Group (MACV-SOG), Howard was recommended for the Medal of Honor on three occasions for three individual actions during thirteen months spanning 1967–1968. The first two nominations were downgraded to a Silver Star and the Distinguished Service Cross due to the covert and top secret nature of the operations in which Howard participated.

As a sergeant first class of the SOG, he risked his life during a rescue mission in Cambodia on December 30, 1968, while second in command of a platoon-sized Hatchet Force that was searching for missing American soldier Robert Scherdin for which he was awarded the Medal of Honor.[2]:205–6[3] He learned of the award over a two-way radio while under enemy fire, immediately after being wounded, resulting in one of his eight Purple Hearts.[4]

Howard was wounded 14 times during a 54-month period in the Vietnam War. For his distinguished service, Howard received a direct appointment from Master Sergeant to First Lieutenant in December 1969.

Howard graduated from Ranger School class 7–73 in May 1973 and served with the 2nd Ranger Battalion at Fort Lewis, Washington as company commander. From 1977 to 1978 he served as Mountain Ranger Training instructor.

Howard later served as officer-in-charge of Special Forces training at Camp Mackall, near Ft. Bragg, N.C., and later, commanding the Mountain Ranger Training Camp at Dahlonega, Georgia

Howard graduated from the National War College, Class 1987–1988.

He received two master's degrees during his Army career which spanned 1956 to 1992. Howard retired as a colonel in 1992.[5]

He was one of the most decorated soldiers in the Vietnam War.[6][7] NBC News said that Howard may have been the most highly decorated American soldier of the modern era,[8] while KWTX-TV states that he was "said to be the most decorated service member in the history of the United States".[9] John Plaster in his 1998 book SOG: The Secret Wars of America's Commandos in Vietnam states that Howard "remains to this day the most highly decorated American soldier."[2]:204

His residence was in Texas and he spent much of his free time working with veterans until the time of his death. He also took periodic trips to Iraq to visit active duty troops.[8]

Howard died of pancreatic cancer at a hospital in Waco, Texas, on December 23, 2009. He was survived by four children and five grandchildren.[5][10]

His funeral was in Arlington National Cemetery on February 22, 2010. [11]

Legacy

In 2014, Howard was announced as the recipient of United States Special Operations Command's Bull Simons award for his "lifetime achievements in Special Operations".[12]

In April 2017 a building at the Rowe Training Facility on Camp Mackall was named Howard Hall in his honor.[13]

Medal of Honor Citation

The President of the United States in the name of The Congress takes pride in presenting the MEDAL OF HONOR to

FIRST LIEUTENANT
ROBERT L. HOWARD
UNITED STATES ARMY

for service as set forth in the following CITATION:

For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty. 1st Lt. Howard (then SFC .), distinguished himself while serving as platoon sergeant of an American-Vietnamese platoon which was on a mission to rescue a missing American soldier in enemy controlled territory in the Republic of Vietnam. The platoon had left its helicopter landing zone and was moving out on its mission when it was attacked by an estimated 2-company force. During the initial engagement, 1st Lt. Howard was wounded and his weapon destroyed by a grenade explosion. 1st Lt. Howard saw his platoon leader had been wounded seriously and was exposed to fire. Although unable to walk, and weaponless, 1st Lt. Howard unhesitatingly crawled through a hail of fire to retrieve his wounded leader. As 1st Lt. Howard was administering first aid and removing the officer's equipment, an enemy bullet struck 1 of the ammunition pouches on the lieutenant's belt, detonating several magazines of ammunition. 1st Lt. Howard momentarily sought cover and then realizing that he must rejoin the platoon, which had been disorganized by the enemy attack, he again began dragging the seriously wounded officer toward the platoon area. Through his outstanding example of indomitable courage and bravery, 1st Lt. Howard was able to rally the platoon into an organized defense force. With complete disregard for his safety, 1st Lt. Howard crawled from position to position, administering first aid to the wounded, giving encouragement to the defenders and directing their fire on the encircling enemy. For 312 hours 1st Lt. Howard's small force and supporting aircraft successfully repulsed enemy attacks and finally were in sufficient control to permit the landing of rescue helicopters. 1st Lt. Howard personally supervised the loading of his men and did not leave the bullet-swept landing zone until all were aboard safely. 1st Lt. Howard's gallantry in action, his complete devotion to the welfare of his men at the risk of his life were in keeping with the highest traditions of the military service and reflect great credit on himself, his unit, and the U.S. Army.

General Orders: Department of the Army, General Orders No. 16 (March 24, 1971)

Action Date: December 30, 1968

Service: Army

Regiment: 5th Special Forces Group (Airborne)

Division: 1st Special Forces

Distinguished Service Cross Citation

Robert L. Howard
Service: Army
Division: 1st Special Forces
GENERAL ORDERS:
General Orders: Headquarters, U.S. Army, Vietnam, General Orders No. 2018 (May 2, 1968)

Citation:

The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 9, 1918 (amended by act of July 25, 1963), takes pleasure in presenting the Distinguished Service Cross to Sergeant First Class Robert Lewis Howard (ASN: RA-14628152), United States Army, for extraordinary heroism in connection with military operations involving conflict with an armed hostile force in the Republic of Vietnam, while serving with Command and Control (Central), 5th Special Forces Group (Airborne), 1st Special Forces. Sergeant First Class Howard distinguished himself by exceptionally valorous actions on 21 November 1967, as Special Forces Advisor to a joint American and Vietnamese reconnaissance patrol conducting a search mission near the Laotian border. His patrol discovered a huge rice and ammunition cache surrounded by an enemy bunker complex. Sergeant Howard led a small team to provide security while the remainder of the unit began to destroy the stored supplies. His team encountered four North Vietnamese Army soldiers, and Sergeant Howard killed them with a fierce burst of rifle fire. He and his men were immediately pinned down by a murderous curtain of fire which erupted from a nearby enemy machine gun position. With complete disregard for his safety, Sergeant Howard crawled toward the emplacement and killed a North Vietnamese sniper who was firing at him as he maneuvered. He then charged the bunker, eliminating its occupants with rifle fire. A second machine gun position unleashed a savage barrage. Sergeant Howard moved his troops to a covered location and directed an air strike against the fortified bunker. While assessing the bomb damage, Sergeant Howard was fired upon by North Vietnamese soldiers in the bunker who had survived the blasts. Pinned down directly outside the strongpoint with a blazing machine gun barrel only six inches above his head, he threw a hand grenade into the aperture of the emplacement, killing the gunners and temporarily silencing the weapon. He then dashed to his team's location and secured a light anti-tank weapon. As the enemy machine gun resumed firing, Sergeant Howard stood up amid a withering hail of bullets, fired his weapon, and completely demolished the position. His fearless and determined actions in close combat enabled the remainder of the patrol to destroy the enemy cache. Sergeant First Class Howard's extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty were in keeping with the highest traditions of the military service and reflect great credit upon himself, his unit, and the United States Army.

Action Date: 21-Nov-67

Service: Army

Rank: Sergeant First Class

Company: Command and Control (Central)

Regiment: 5th Special Forces Group (Airborne)

Division: 1st Special Forces

Silver Star Citation

Robert L. Howard
Service: Army
Regiment: 5th Special Forces Group (Airborne)
Division: 1st Special Forces
GENERAL ORDERS:
Headquarters, U.S. Army, Vietnam, General Orders No. 371 (February 3, 1969)

Citation:

The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Silver Star to Sergeant First Class Robert Lewis Howard (ASN: RA-14628152), United States Army, for gallantry in action while engaged in military operations involving conflict with an armed hostile force in the Republic of Vietnam, while serving with Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 5th Special Forces Group (Airborne), 1st Special Forces. Sergeant First Class Howard distinguished himself by exceptionally valorous actions from 12 to 20 November 1968, during an operation deep within enemy-held territory. As his platoon was being inserted into the area, it came under heavy fire from all directions. Sergeant Howard leaped from his helicopter before it touched down and began to return fire, providing protection for his men while they dismounted and moved safely off the landing zone. Seeing two enemy soldiers in a wood line, he charged their position and killed them both. When the unit was attacked by a company-size force on the night of 16 November, he went to each platoon member, encouraging them and directing their fire while completely exposing himself to the communist barrage. Two days later while Sergeant Howard was leading the point element, the platoon was ambushed by an estimated two North Vietnamese Army companies. He skillfully maneuvered his men so that the enemy was caught in a deadly crossfire and the ambush was broken. The following day, Sergeant Howard had again taken the point element when he observed an estimated battalion-size ambush. Although wounded in the initial exchange of fire, he exposed himself to the aggressors to place effective fire on them and enable his platoon to take cover. Moving from position to position, he administered first aid to the wounded and set up a landing zone so that they could be evacuated. As the first ambulance helicopter came in, it was struck by hostile machine gun fire and burst into flames. Sergeant Howard, although wounded a second time, ran one hundred and fifty meters to where the ship had crashed and rescued a trapped pilot from the blazing wreckage. Once the entire crew was free from the aircraft, he led them back to the platoon while providing covering fire. Three hours later another helicopter succeeded in landing and the casualties were evacuated, but Sergeant Howard refused to leave. The next morning, he saw three North Vietnamese soldiers maneuvering towards his element and immediately opened fire, killing them.[14]

Awards and decorations

U.S. Awards & Decorations
Personal awards
  Medal of Honor
  Distinguished Service Cross
  Silver Star
  Defense Superior Service Medal
Bronze oak leaf cluster
Bronze oak leaf cluster
Bronze oak leaf cluster
  Legion of Merit with 3 oak leaf clusters
V
Bronze oak leaf cluster
Bronze oak leaf cluster
Bronze oak leaf cluster
  Bronze Star with "V" device & 3 oak leaf clusters
Silver oak leaf cluster
Bronze oak leaf cluster
Bronze oak leaf cluster
  Purple Heart with 7 oak leaf clusters
Bronze oak leaf cluster
Bronze oak leaf cluster
  Meritorious Service Medal with 2 oak leaf clusters
  Air Medal with "V" device & award numerals 3
  Joint Service Commendation
V
Silver oak leaf cluster
Bronze oak leaf cluster
  Army Commendation Medal with "V" device & 6 oak leaf clusters
  Joint Service Achievement Medal
  Army Achievement Medal
U.S. Awards & Decorations
Unit awards
Bronze oak leaf cluster
  Presidential Unit Citation with oak leaf cluster
  Navy Unit Commendation
  Meritorious Unit Commendation
Service awards
  Good Conduct Medal with 4 Good Conduct Loops
Campaign & Service awards
Bronze star
  National Defense Service Medal with one bronze service star
Bronze star
Bronze star
Bronze star
  Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal with 3 service stars
Bronze star
Bronze star
Bronze star
  Vietnam Service Medal with 3 service stars
Service & Training awards
  Armed Forces Reserve Medal
  NCO Professional Development with bronze award numeral 2
  Army Service Ribbon
  Army Overseas Service Ribbon
U.S. Awards & Decorations
Badges and tabs
  Special Forces Tab
  Ranger Tab
  Combat Infantryman Badge
  Expert Infantryman Badge
  Basic Aircrew Badge
  Master Parachutist Badge
  Air Assault Badge
  Pathfinder Badge
  Expert Marksmanship Badge w/ 2 weapon bars
Foreign Awards & Decorations
Individual & Unit awards
  Republic of Korea Order of National Security Merit (Sam-Il Medal)
  Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry with Gold Star (Corps), Silver Star (Division) and 2 Bronze Stars (Regiment/Brigade)
  Republic of Vietnam Wound Medal
  Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces Honor Medal, 1st Class
  Republic of Vietnam Staff Service Medal, 2nd Class
  Republic of Vietnam Civil Actions Medal, 1st Class
  Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross Unit Citation
  Republic of Vietnam Civil Actions Medal Unit Citation
  Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal
Badges
  French Parachutist Badge
  Republic of Vietnam Master Parachute Badge
  Republic of Vietnam Ranger Badge
  Thai Master Parachute Wings
  Korean Master Parachute Badge
  Thai Balloonist Badge

See also

Notes

  1. He initially was awarded a second Distinguished Service Cross, but this was later rescinded and upgraded to the Medal of Honor[1]

References

  1. "Upgraded or Revoked Awards of The Distinguished Service Cross". Homeofheroes.com. Archived from the original on July 2, 2017. Retrieved October 9, 2015.
  2. Plaster, John (1998). SOG: The Secret Wars of America's Commandos in Vietnam. Berkley. ISBN 978-0451195081.
  3. "Vietnam War - U.S. Army Robert L. Howard". Congressional Medal of Honor Society. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  4. Eberle, Lance Cpl. Ben (November 19, 2006). "Medal of Honor recipients make special visit". Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved 2010-02-24.
  5. Associated Press, "Decorated Army colonel, MoH recipient dies", Military Times, December 24, 2009.
  6. "Col. Robert L. Howard dies at 70; Medal of Honor recipient". The LA Times. 29 December 2009. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
  7. Richard Goldstein (24 December 2009). "Robert Howard, Decorated Serviceman, Dies at 70". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
  8. "Medal of Honor: Robert Howard 1939–2009". NBC News. 23 December 2009.
  9. Paul J. Gately (7 June 2018). "Two of most decorated soldiers in history had ties to Central Texas". KWTX TV. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
  10. Col. Robert Lewis Howard, believed to be nation's most decorated soldier, dies at 70 Star-Telegram, Associated Press story. Retrieved on December 24, 2009.
  11. Horst, Kaitlin, Arlington National Cemetery Public Affairs "Col. Robert L. Howard laid to rest at Arlington National Cemetery". Retrieved on October 26, 2014.
  12. Mike Bottoms (2014-05-27). "Medal of Honor recipient, Special Operations legend receives USSOCOM's 2014 Bull Simons Award". United States Special Operations Command Public Affairs. Retrieved June 7, 2014.
  13. Drew Brooks (27 April 2017). "Special Forces legend, Medal of Honor recipient honored in building dedication at Camp Mackall". Fayette Observer. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
  14. Robert Lewis Howard Silver Star medal citation

Further reading

  • Secret Commandos: Behind Enemy Lines with the Elite Warriors of SOG, by John Plaster
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