Romanisation of Sindhi

Sindhi romanisation or Latinization of Sindhi is a system for representing the Sindhi language using the Latin script.

In Sindh, Pakistan the Sindhi language is written in modified persio-Arabic script and in India it is written in Devanagari (Hindi) Script.

Sindhis living in Pakistan as well as Sindhis living in India are able to speak and understand each other, however, they cannot write to each other because of the two different scripts.

Indus Roman Sindhi Script gives ability to Sindhis and would allow Sindhis all over the world to communicate with each other through one common script.

"Indus Roman Sindhi" system is different than Haleem Brohi's Roman Sindhi (Haleem Brohee jee Roman Sindhee). Indus Roman Sindhi is developed by Fayaz Soomro.[1]

Indus Roman Sindhi

Indus Roman Sindhi Sindhi: سنڌو رومن سنڌي لپي is one system for the romanisation of Sindhi.

Alphabet chart

Roman SindhiSindhi
AA(آ (اڀو الف
Aا، ع
Bب
BBٻ
CUse C when needed
Pپ
BHڀ
Tت، ط
THٿ
TTٽ
THHٺ
Jج
JHجھ
JJڄ
NJNڃ
CHچ
CHHڇ، چھ
Hه، ھ، ح
KHخ
KHHک
Dد
DHڌ
DDڏ
D'ڊ
DHHڍ
Rر
RRڙ
Sس، ث، ص
SHش
G' or GHHغ
Fف
PHڦ
Kڪ
Qق
Gگ
GGڳ
GHگھ
NGNڱ
Lل
Mم
Nن
NNڻ
W, Vو
XUse X when needed
Y, E, EE, Iي
Zض، ذ، ز، ظ

Elongation chart

The alphabet of persio-Arabic Sindhi script is highly context sensitive. Many of the letters of Sindhi alphabet share a common base form diacritical marks and diacritical points place either above or below.

Orthoepi/ OrthoepyExplanation in persio-Arabic Sindhi scriptExplanation in Indus Roman Sindhi ScriptExplanation in English
اَ، عَسنڌو رومن سنڌيءَ ۾ ”ايَ“ زَبرَ لاءِ ڪتب اچي ٿي، پر ڪن صورتن ۾ ”يو“ پڻ زَبرَ لاءِ ڪتب آڻڻ جي اجازت آهيSindhu Roman Sindhi mein "A" zabar laaey katab achay thee, par kin sooratin mein "U" pinn zabar laaey katab aannann ji ijaazat aahay.In Indus Roman Sindhi, "A" is used as diacritical upper mark "zabar" but in some cases, as an exception allowed to use "U" as diacritical upper mark "Zabar"
اِ، عِسنڌو رومن سنڌيءَ ۾ ”آءِ“ زِير لاءِ ڪتب اچي تي، پر ڪن صورتن ۾ زير لاءِ ”اِي“ پڻ ڪتب آڻڻ جي اجازت آهيSindhu Roman Sindhi mein "i" zer laaey katab achay thee, par kin sooratin mein "E" pinn zer laaey katab aannann ji ijaazat aahay.In Indus Roman Sindhi, "I" is used as diacritical below mark "Zer" but in some cases, as an exception allowed to use "E" as diacritical below mark "Zer"
اُسنڌو رومن سنڌيءَ ۾ پيش لاءِ ”يو“ ڪتب اچي ٿيSindhu Roman Sindhi mein "U" peshu laaey katab achay thi.In Indus Roman Sindhi, "U" is used as diacritical upper mark "Peshu"

Basics

  • "Alif" (Sindhi: ا), (In Romanized Sindhi: alif is "A"). For example: Ambu/Anbu (Sindhi: انبُ)

"Alif" (Sindhi: ا) is the first letter of Sindhi alphabet and it is a base letter of Sindhi alphabet. Though in Sindhi there are no vowels but the below mentioned letters and compound letters considered almost as vowels in Sindhi language and all of them are formed with the help of alif (Sindhi: ا).

Roman Sindhi Vowels/رومن سنڌي سُر/ सुर

آاَاِاِياُاياَياواَو

अ आ इ ई उ ऊ

A aa i ee u oo

اُو اُ اِي اِ آ اَ

ए ऐ ओ औ अं ह

e ai o au a'n h

ھَ اَنّ اَؤ او اَي ئي

Sindhi Vowels in Roman Sindhiaaaieeuooeaiaua'n
Vowels to combine with ConsonantsMaMaaMiMeeMuMooMeMaiMauMa'n

In Indus Roman Sindhi, English alphabet's letter "A" stands for alif (Sindhi: ا), "AA" stants for alif mand aa (Sindhi: آ) and alif zabar (Sindhi: اَ) and ubho alif (vertical alif). [2]

  • Consonants

(Sindhi: ب) is the second letter of Sindhi alphabet.

In Indus Roman Sindhi, English alphabet's letter "B" stands for (Sindhi: ب). For example: Badak (Sindhi: بَدَڪ)

The chart shows different sounds of "B" (Sindhi: ب)

بَوبوبَيبيبوُبُبيِبِبابَ
BAOBOBAE/BAI/ BAYBE/ BI/ BYBOOBUBI/ BEEBI/ BEBAABA

[3]

  • Peculiar sounds of Sindhi language

There are six peculiar sounds in Sindhi language, four of them known as "Chaar choosinna aawaz" (Sindhi: چار چوسڻا آواز) (sounds made with back of the tongue) and two other peculiar sounds, known as Nasalization Consonant or Nasal sounds or "Noonaasik or Nikwaan (weenjann) aawaz (Phoneme)" (Sindhi: نوناسڪ يا نڪوان ”وينجڻ“ آواز).

  • The chart of four peculiar Chaar choosinna aawaz sounds
ڏڳڄٻ
ddggjjbb
  • The chart of two peculiar 'Nasal sounds' or "Noonaasik or Nikwaan (weenjann) aawaz" sounds

When you make a speech sound, air usually passes through your oral cavity and comes out of your mouth. But you can also direct the flow of air through your nose, making a nasal sound.

To get the air to come out of your nose, you lower your velum. This opens up your nasal cavity and lets the air out through your nostrils. You can let air out through your nose and mouth at the same time: This makes a nasalized sound.

Nasal consonants are made by closing the mouth at specific places of articulation and opening the velum. The resulting nasal consonants are called stops because the oral cavity is closed, but air still flows out through the nasal cavity.[4]

ڃڱ
njnngn

This Sindhi alphabet's letter (Sindhi: ٻ) is one of four peculiar "chaar choosinna aawaz" sounds and in Indus Roman Sindhi it stands as "BB". For example: Bbakiri (Sindhi: ٻَڪِري)

  • The chart shows different sounds of "BB" (Sindhi: ٻ)
ٻَوٻوٻيٻيٻوُٻُٻيِٻِٻاٻَ
BBAOBBOBBAE/ BBAI/ BBAYBBE/ BBI/ BBYBBOOBBUBBI/ BBEEBBIBBAABBA

[5]

Multi purpose use of "D"

The Roman letter "D" is some times used as Aspirates in Roman Sindhi. For example: d', dd and some times with the combination of letter "H", suppose: dh or ddh to make peculiar sounds of Sindhi language.

ڏڌڍڊد
DDDHDHHD'D

"A" is used as "Alif" and as Zabar (diacritical uppar mark) in Roman Sindhi

ث، س، صS
ثَ، سَ، صَSA
ثا، سا، صاSAA

A table that shows the examples of Zabar (diacritical upper mark) in Roman Sindhi

زَبرَ Zabar (diacritical uppar mark)
In modified Sindhi script derived from Arabic alphabetIn Roman Sindhi
ھَ، حَha
جھَjha
ڪَ، قَka, ka
تَta
ٽَtta
ٺَthha
رَra
ڙَrra
رََ. ذَ، ضَ، ظَza
In modified Sindhi script derived Arabic alphabetIn Roman Sindhi
آ، عاaa
ڪا، قاkaa, qaa
ڀاbhaa
سا، صا، ثاsaa
تا، طاtaa
ٽاttaa
ها، حاhaa
گاgaa
زا، ظا، ذا، ضاzaa
اَي، عيay
اَئو، عَئوao, uo
In modified Sindhi script derived from Arabic alphabetIn Roman Sindhi
بيَbay
ٻيَbbay
ڀيَbhay
تيَtay
ڇيَchhay
ڃيَnjnay
ڱيَngnay
ڙيَrray
ڦيَphay

Romanization of Sindhi words

There is a difference between transliteration and Romanisation. The present modified persio-arabic script of Sindhi language is highly context sensitive. Many of the letters of Sindhi alphabet share a common base form diacritical marks and diacritical points place either above or below (Zer, Zabar and peshu). Therefore, through transliteration, the Romanization of Sindhi words is not possible. Therefore, each and every word should be Romanized separately from persio-arabic script into Roman Sindhi script.

See also

References

  1. sd:رومن سنڌي اسڪرپٽ
  2. Iaor (17 January 2017). "Roman Sindhi سنڌو رومن سنڌي: Alif".
  3. Iaor (18 January 2017). "Roman Sindhi سنڌو رومن سنڌي: Second letter of Sindhi alphabet".
  4. Book: Linguistics for Dummies, The Building Blocks of Language, page No. 44
  5. Iaor (20 January 2017). "Roman Sindhi سنڌو رومن سنڌي: Peculiar sounds of Sindhi language".
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