Nico Rosberg

Nico Erik Rosberg (German pronunciation: [ˈniːko ˈeːrɪk ˈroːsbɛɐ̯k]; born 27 June 1985) is a German and Finnish entrepreneur and former professional racing driver. He competed in Formula One from 2006 to 2016, winning the World Drivers' Championship in 2016 with Mercedes-AMG Petronas Motorsport. The only child of Finnish 1982 Formula One World Champion Keke Rosberg and his German wife Sina Rosberg, he was raised primarily in the Principality of Monaco.

Nico Rosberg
Rosberg in 2016
Born
Nico Erik Rosberg

(1985-06-27) 27 June 1985
Wiesbaden, West Germany
Children2
Parent
Formula One World Championship career
NationalityGermany German
Active years2006–2016
TeamsWilliams, Mercedes
EnginesCosworth, Toyota, Mercedes
Car number6
Entries206 (206 starts)
Championships1 (2016)
Wins23
Podiums57
Career points1594.5
Pole positions30
Fastest laps20
First entry2006 Bahrain Grand Prix
First win2012 Chinese Grand Prix
Last win2016 Japanese Grand Prix
Last entry2016 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix
Websitenicorosberg.com
Signature
Nico Rosberg signature

Rosberg began competitive go-kart racing at the age of six and achieved early success, winning regional and national French championships, before moving to European-based series and world championships. At the age of 16, he progressed to car racing, winning nine races to claim the 2002 Formula BMW ADAC Championship with VIVA Racing. He subsequently moved to the higher-tier Formula 3 Euro Series with Team Rosberg in 2003 and 2004 before winning the inaugural GP2 Series championship with ART Grand Prix in 2005.

Rosberg first drove in Formula One with Williams from 2006 to 2009 and achieved two podium finishes for the team in 2008. For 2010, he moved to Mercedes, partnering fellow German and seven-time world champion Michael Schumacher. Rosberg took his first career win at the 2012 Chinese Grand Prix. He was the teammate of former karting friend and eventual seven-time World Drivers' Champion, Lewis Hamilton, from 2013 to 2016, twice finishing runner-up to his teammate, and in his final season defeating Hamilton to win the 2016 title. He and his father Keke are the second father-son pairing, after Graham and Damon Hill, that have both won World Drivers' Championships.

Rosberg announced his retirement from motor racing five days after clinching the title, citing wanting to spend more time with his family and not wanting his driving ability to atrophy as the main factors behind his decision. Overall he competed in 206 Grands Prix, winning 23, securing 57 podium finishes, 30 pole positions, and amassing 1594.5 championship points. In retirement, Rosberg moved into driver management, television punditry, and became an eco-entrepreneur. He was awarded the Laureus World Sports Award for Breakthrough of the Year and was inducted into the FIA Hall of Fame in 2017.

Personal background and education
The principality of Monaco, where Rosberg was raised

Rosberg was born on 27 June 1985 at the Red Cross Hospital in Wiesbaden, West Germany,[1][2] the only child of Finnish racing driver Keke Rosberg, who won the 1982 Formula One World Championship,[1][3] and German interpreter Gesine "Sina" Rosberg (formerly Gleitsmann-Dengel).[4] Because his father is Finnish and his mother is German, Rosberg is a citizen of both countries,[1] competing with a Finnish racing license until after his first season in the Formula 3 Euro Series.[5] He switched to a German license as he felt it was easier to obtain major sponsorship agreements with nationality of a larger country.[1]

Rosberg was raised in the Wiesbaden district of Nordenstadt in the first four weeks of his life,[2][6] before living between the principality of Monaco and the Spanish island of Ibiza.[7] He was educated at the International School of Nice and the International School of Monaco.[1][8] Rosberg was encouraged to pursue ventures in academia and sports.[9] He was taught five languages: English, French, German, Italian and Spanish, but not Finnish or Swedish, as his father considered those other languages more important for Nico's life and career.[10][11] Rosberg enjoyed studying mathematics and science, and passed all of his examinations except history.[12] He graduated with an average grade of 1.2 in 2002.[13]

Rosberg married interior designer Vivian Sibold at a civil ceremony in Monaco on 11 July 2014.[14] They have two children,[15] and run a creamery shop in Ibiza.[14] He is a fan of the German football club FC Bayern Munich,[16] played for the Monaco national tennis team,[17] and formerly competed in triathlon events; these skills allowed him to save a five-year-old child from drowning in Monaco.[18]

Karting (1991–2001)

At the age of four, Rosberg had his first driving experience when his father took him to a go-kart track in Ibiza for a holiday. He steered a Jeep, and his father controlled its speed with the accelerator and the brake pedals. Rosberg began competitive racing at the age of six and decided to aim for a career in Formula One motor racing after he observed his father competing in the Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft in 1995.[15][19] His parents, who did not discourage their son's career choice, consented on the condition that he maintained good grades at school. Rosberg's competitive mindset, and his early achievements in go-karting helped him to improve his driving ability and to convince his father to manage him.[11]

In 1996, Rosberg won the Côte d'Azur Mini-Kart Regional Championship,[15] and the Trophee Jérôme Bernard and the Trophee de France in 1997.[20] Aged 12, he was the youngest champion of a French national karting series.[21] Rosberg finished second in the French Manufacturers' Trophy and the Côte d'Azur Regional Championship in the same year.[22] He progressed to the European karting championships for 1998 after moving from France to Italy so he could enter international events.[23] Competing in the 100 Junior category in a CRG kart, Rosberg finished fifth at the 28° Torneo Industrie, seventh in the Trofeo Andrea Margutti,[23][24] and crashed out in the 1998 Green Helmet Trophy Cadets class of the European Championship for Cadets.[25] In 1999, he was runner-up in the Italian Junior Karting Championship[20] and was fourth in the ICA Junior CIK-FIA European Championship, again driving a CRG.[24]

Rosberg's father asked CRG executive Dino Chiesa in late 1999 to establish a separate karting team for his son and fellow driver Lewis Hamilton for a period of two to three years. Rosberg raced for TeamMBM.com (Mercedes-Benz McLaren) for the 2000 season.[lower-alpha 1][23] He was runner-up in the European KF1 Championship and finished ninth in the Formula A World Cup.[20][24] In 2001, Rosberg was tenth in the South Garda Winter Cup and sixteenth in the Formula Super A World Championship.[24] He concluded his karting career with a third-place finish in the latter series at a race in Kerpen.[22]

Junior car career (2001–2005)
Rosberg in his 2002 Formula BMW ADAC title-winning campaign

At the age of 16, Rosberg progressed to car racing, competing in three races for the 2001 Formula BMW Junior Cup Iberia finishing in 18th in the Drivers' Championship with 38 points.[27] For his first full season of car racing, he drove for VIVA Racing in the 2002 Formula BMW ADAC Championship,[28] winning the drivers' title with nine victories from twenty races and amassing 264 points.[19][27] For winning the title, Rosberg drove a Williams FW24 at a test session at the Circuit de Catalunya on 3 December.[29] At the time, he became the youngest person ever to drive a Formula One car.[30]

The 2003 season saw Rosberg progress to the higher-tier Formula 3 Euro Series with Team Rosberg. Driving a Dallara F303-Opel car, he won once at the Bugatti Circuit and took five podium finishes for eighth in the Drivers' Championship with 45 points. He was second in the Rookie Cup to Christian Klien.[28] In November 2003, Rosberg was given a test in a Formula 3000 car at the Circuito de Jerez by Paolo Coloni, the team owner of Scuderia Coloni, as preparation for future F1 testing with Williams.[31][32] That same month, he entered the Macau Grand Prix and the Korea Super Prix with Carlin Motorsport,[33] finishing 11th in Korea.[27] Rosberg tested twice more for Williams in a modified FW25A car at the Circuit de Catalunya in December and January 2004 for them to evaluate his ability as a test driver.[34][35]

He remained with Team Rosberg for the 2004 Formula 3 Euro Series.[28] Before that, Rosberg won two rounds of the Spanish Formula 3 Winter Series at the Circuito de Albacete as preparation.[36] He won the season's first two races at the Hockenheimring and his campaign faltered through incidents and accidents: he took one other victory at the Nürburgring and three podium finishes.[28] Rosberg finished fourth in the Drivers' Championship with 70 points[28] and was sixth at the Masters of Formula 3.[37] He later crashed from the lead of the Macau Grand Prix in November and was second at the Bahrain Superprix a month later.[37]

In the off-season, he passed an interview for acceptance into Imperial College London,[38] a university where several Formula One designers were educated, to study aeronautical engineering.[39] Rosberg chose not to further his education so as to be able to commit to his racing career;[19] the university would have allowed him to combine the course with his racing.[40] Rosberg's father did not overturn the decision.[41] For the inaugural GP2 Series season in 2005, Rosberg wanted to drive for BCN Competicion due to its form in the 2004 International Formula 3000 Championship.[42] ART Grand Prix founders Nicolas Todt and Frédéric Vasseur used a sales presentation to persuade him to race for their squad;[42] he paid around £850,000 to drive for the team.[43]

Rosberg achieved his first series victory in the sprint race at the Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours and won the feature races at Silverstone Circuit and the Hockenheimring from pole position.[28][44] He took the Drivers' Championship lead with a third-place finish in the feature race at the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps when previous leader Heikki Kovalainen took eighth.[45] Rosberg maintained the points lead during the season-ending Bahrain International Circuit round, winning both races to claim the first GP2 Series title with 120 points.[46]

Formula One career (2005–2016)

2005

In April 2005, Rosberg was signed by Williams as its second test driver.[47] He and fellow driver Nelson Piquet Jr. were analysed extensively before Rosberg was selected.[48] He worked with Williams's test and reserve driver Antônio Pizzonia and continued to focus on the GP2 Series.[47][49] After race driver Nick Heidfeld was injured in a bicycle accident in September, Rosberg was shortlisted by Williams as his potential replacement for the final two races, the Japanese Grand Prix and the Chinese Grand Prix.[50] The team opted for Pizzonia because they did not want to risk delaying Rosberg's career by one to two years if he had a poor performance.[51]

2006–2007
Rosberg at the 2006 Canadian Grand Prix

Bernie Ecclestone, Formula One's commercial rights owner, said to Williams team principal and founder Frank Williams he thought it would be advantageous to sign Rosberg as part of a campaign to bring energetic drivers to the sport.[52] Williams told Rosberg in October 2005 that he was assured of a role on the team as either a racer or test driver for 2006 after British American Racing's Jenson Button was released from a contract with the team.[53] Autosport reported Rosberg signed a contract that month to race for Williams in 2006 allowing the team to provide him with as much car acclimatisation as possible.[54] The following month, Rosberg signed a five-year contract with Williams, being selected by Frank Williams for his driving ability, his knowledge of Formula One technology, and for articulately communicating data to engineers.[55] He was told of the news by his father in advance.[56]

Rosberg was paid £500,000 by Williams and was the first son of a former world champion in Formula One since Damon Hill in 1999.[40][57] To prepare for the season, he achieved the highest score ever in Williams's Engineering Aptitude Test, which tests a new driver's knowledge of car mechanics and engineering aspects of Formula One,[lower-alpha 2][19][38] and ceased reading the news to avoid becoming angered by negative publicity.[58] He was assigned race engineer Tony Ross.[7] At the season-opening Bahrain Grand Prix, Rosberg scored his first career points with a seventh-place finish[28] and set the race's fastest lap, becoming at the time the youngest fastest lap setter in history, aged 20 years, 8 months and 13 days.[lower-alpha 3][30] One week later, at the Malaysian Grand Prix, he achieved a season-best start of third before his engine failed after seven laps.[60] He scored points once more during the season with a seventh at the European Grand Prix[28] as he made driver errors from inexperience and drove an unreliable car.[61] Rosberg was outpaced by his teammate Mark Webber,[28] with whom he had a good relationship.[9] He finished with 4 points for 17th in the World Drivers' Championship (WDC).[28]

Rosberg driving at the 2007 British Grand Prix

For 2007, Rosberg was partnered by the more experienced Alexander Wurz.[62] He and his father mutually agreed to stop working with each other,[63] and began working with a sports psychologist.[64][65] Rosberg's performances improved greatly from 2006 due to Williams restructuring itself and employing more experienced and capable personnel,[66] making his FW29 car reliable and more efficient with the installation of a less complex seamless transmission.[67] He had more confidence in setting up the car to his liking, extracting additional speed and balance consistently.[66] Rosberg also gained experience in controlling his emotions without losing speed,[61] frequently qualified ahead of Wurz and took points seven times with a season-best of fourth at the season-ending Brazilian Grand Prix.[28] Rosberg scored 20 points for ninth in the WDC.[67]

His performances throughout the season enhanced his reputation, and he was linked to several teams for 2008.[21][67] McLaren offered Frank Williams "majestic proportions" to sign Rosberg to replace the outgoing two-time world champion Fernando Alonso, but Williams immediately rejected the offer. Rosberg's contract was extended to the end of 2009 on the basis of where Williams finished in the Constructors' Championship. Rosberg later told Williams of his desire to remain with them on the condition he would receive a competitive car.[lower-alpha 4][68][69]

2008–2009
Rosberg driving in the 2008 Monaco Grand Prix

The 2008 season was the first in which Rosberg was the more experienced driver on his team, being partnered by Williams test driver Kazuki Nakajima.[67] He began the season by finishing third at the Australian Grand Prix, the first podium finish of his career.[41] Afterwards, his campaign faltered because the FW30 car lacked outright performance and Williams did not develop the car fast enough for it to be competitive.[70] Rosberg was occasionally outperformed by Nakajima, and driver errors lost him chances to score more points;[71] he was able to adapt to a ban on traction control from Formula One.[72] He improved the best result of his career with a second at the inaugural Singapore Grand Prix 14 races later, and finished 13th in the WDC with 17 points.[28]

Rosberg competing at the 2009 British Grand Prix

Rosberg was again partnered with Nakajima for the 2009 season.[73] He lost five percent of his body weight to compensate for the introduction of the kinetic energy recovery systems increasing the car's minimum weight limit to 605 kg (1,334 lb).[74] Rosberg had an improved season: the Williams FW31 was one of three cars to have an early speed advantage because it featured a double diffuser system and Rosberg led the first 15 laps of the Malaysian Grand Prix,[75] however, the team could not sustain the car's pace of development. He finished 16 of 17 rounds; the exception was the Brazilian Grand Prix.[39] Rosberg was consistent in finishing in the points-paying positions, achieving a season-best result of fourth at the German Grand Prix and the following Hungarian Grand Prix. He scored 34.5 points for seventh in the WDC.[28]

2010–2012
Rosberg at the start of the 2010 Malaysian Grand Prix

In mid-to-late 2009, Mercedes-Benz vice-president of motorsport Norbert Haug discussed with Rosberg the possibility of driving for the manufacturer in 2010 pending its acquisition of Brawn GP.[76] Rosberg also talked to McLaren and Williams about potential employment; he was skeptical because Williams was mulling over whether Renault or Cosworth should be the team's engine supplier.[77] On 29 October, he confirmed his departure from Williams at the conclusion of the season[78] and was officially released from his contract with the team on 1 January 2010.[79] One week later Mercedes purchased 75 percent of Brawn GP and entered Formula One under its own name, employing Rosberg to drive for the team.[30] He was partnered with the seven-time world champion Michael Schumacher[80] and was assigned car No. 4 after Schumacher requested No. 3 for superstitious reasons.[81]

Rosberg was mentored by Mercedes team principal Ross Brawn[82] and was apprehensive when Schumacher joined the team, given the history of Brawn and Schumacher's relationship at Ferrari.[83] He was concerned that Schumacher would dominate the team, and in early strategy meetings, found that his own strategy was being discussed with Schumacher more than with him. He felt that Schumacher was constantly acting to cause him minor stress or to assert dominance.[84]

Rosberg finished in third place at the Malaysian Grand Prix, the Chinese Grand Prix, and the British Grand Prix.[28] He scored championship points in all but four rounds; he generally finished higher than he qualified and did so against his teammate Schumacher fifteen times to four that season.[28][39] He was better able than Schumacher to cope with a terminal understeer affecting the MGP W01's handling due to Mercedes forgoing much development work on the car because of Brawn GP's title focus the previous year. The car was five-tenths of a second slower on most circuits.[80] Rosberg was seventh in the WDC with 142 points.[28] His performances during the season enhanced his reputation as a consistent and fast driver.[39]

Rosberg testing at the Circuito de Jerez in February 2011

Rosberg remained with Mercedes for 2011 and was again joined by Schumacher.[82] He had a mixed season: he led the Chinese Grand Prix and the Belgian Grand Prix, but the MGP W02 wore the Pirelli tyres quickly, making the car noncompetitive.[28] Rosberg was able to maintain a consistent performance in every qualifying session and began higher than his teammate Schumacher sixteen times to three.[85] He finished no higher than fifth in the season's 19 rounds and was seventh in the WDC with 89 points.[30]

Rosberg driving at the 2012 Malaysian Grand Prix

The press linked Rosberg to replace the poor performing Felipe Massa at Ferrari for 2012.[86] In November 2011, he signed a contract extension to remain at Mercedes until after 2013. An important factor in Rosberg's decision was the Mercedes team undergoing a technical restructure, which saw the appointments of Bob Bell as technical director and Geoff Willis as head of technology in mid-2011.[87] Other reasons included his belief Mercedes would be able to improve their performance and challenge for race victories.[88]

Three-time world champion Niki Lauda began to advise Rosberg.[89] At the Chinese Grand Prix, the season's third round, he took the first pole position of his career and his maiden career victory.[90] He then challenged Red Bull's Mark Webber for the victory at the Monaco Grand Prix three races later before he settled for a second-place finish.[91] Rosberg had accumulated more championship points than any other driver in the season's previous four races and emerged as an unlikely contender for the WDC.[92] Notwithstanding this, he achieved one further top-five finish during the season.[28] However, he struggled to generate temperature into the rear tires on the Mercedes F1 W03 regardless of the climatic conditions, and the car was suited to circuits with slow-speed corners.[93] He was ninth in the WDC with 93 points.[30]

2013–2016
Rosberg took the third victory of his career at the 2013 British Grand Prix
See also: Hamilton–Rosberg rivalry

Before the 2013 season, Rosberg was joined at Mercedes by the 2008 world champion Lewis Hamilton, who replaced the retired Michael Schumacher.[94] He was granted equal status by Mercedes and received no preferential treatment alongside Hamilton.[95] During the pre-season period, Rosberg visited the Mercedes factory in Brackley, England, displaying a fascination with the F1 W04's technological development and assisting the team in the car's development.[26]

Rosberg challenged his teammate Hamilton during the season qualifying higher eight times and finishing more often.[96] At the Malaysian Grand Prix, the season's second race, a minor controversy came about when Mercedes invoked team orders on him to stay behind Hamilton.[97] Unhappy with the decision,[28] Rosberg led every lap from pole position to win the Monaco Grand Prix and became the first son of a world champion to win the event.[98] He then won the British Grand Prix for his third career victory after Red Bull driver Sebastian Vettel suffered a broken gearbox.[99] Thereafter, Rosberg earned points in nine of the season's ten final rounds with consecutive podium finishes—[100] second at the Indian Grand Prix and third at the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix. He finished sixth in the WDC with 171 points and three pole positions. Rosberg's results over the season earned him additional respect within the Formula One community.[28]

Rosberg during practice for the 2014 Singapore Grand Prix

Rosberg continued to drive for Mercedes in 2014 with Lewis Hamilton again as his teammate.[101] He was regarded as a favourite for the WDC because of the team's development of the F1 W05 Hybrid car and adaptation to the technical regulations mandating the use of turbo-hybrid engines in pre-season testing at the Bahrain International Circuit and the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya.[82][102] Rosberg won the Australian Grand Prix to take the lead of the WDC and finished second in the next four races but Hamilton's four straight victories lost Rosberg the championship lead. Rosberg won the Monaco Grand Prix for the second year in succession to regain the points lead after qualifying on pole position in contentious circumstances.[101] Victories in Austria, Germany,[28] followed by contact with Hamilton in Belgium made it appear he would win the championship,[28] until a short circuit on his car in Singapore nullified his points lead.[103] Rosberg took four consecutive podium finishes and won the Brazilian Grand Prix to ensure the championship would be decided at the season-ending Abu Dhabi Grand Prix.[101] To win the title, he needed to win the race with Hamilton third or lower.[104] Hamilton was already ahead of Rosberg on track and leading the race when an energy recovery system failure meant Rosberg scored no points for second in the WDC with 317 points.[101]

Rosberg at the 2015 Japanese Grand Prix

Having signed a contract worth a reported €55 million with Mercedes that was due to expire at the conclusion of 2016, Rosberg continued to drive for the team in 2015.[lower-alpha 5][106] During the off-season he sought to correct a body deficiency, which caused him to hold his breath against g-forces in high-speed corners, since he did not want to limit the flow of oxygen to his brain and muscles.[lower-alpha 6][107] After four top-three podium finishes in the first four races,[100] he won in Spain, Monaco and Austria,[108] which came as his overall performance lowered from focusing more on the race than on qualifying; Vettel threatened Rosberg's hold on second overall.[108] Retirements in Italy and Russia and two errors on a wet track at the United States Grand Prix stopped him from taking the championship,[109] but wins in the final three races in Mexico, Brazil and Abu Dhabi and six consecutive pole positions placed him runner-up overall with 322 points.[100]

Before the 2016 season, Rosberg stopped reading the news and studied sleep with a jet-lag doctor as he focused on his family and winning the next event.[110] He altered his racing gloves to improve his starts,[111] removed paint from his helmet to make it 80 g (2.8 oz) lighter that slightly improved his performance,[112][113] employed a mental trainer to increase his aggression, and spent his spare time go-karting to maintain his ability.[114] Rosberg eschewed Facebook for five months, studied philosophy, meditated to stay concentrated, and received detailed technical input from Mercedes's mechanics at its headquarters in Brackley, England.[115] He worked with his sports psychologist for up to eight hours per week with two hours of mental discipline every two days.[64] Rosberg said he was confident of driving a competitive car and wanted to maintain his form by beating Hamilton more regularly.[116]

Rosberg competing at the 2016 Monaco Grand Prix

He carried over his form from the 2015 season, winning the first four races to lead Hamilton by 43 championship points although Hamilton suffered reliability issues in two of those first four races. Rosberg and Hamilton made high-speed contact at the Spanish Grand Prix after which Hamilton took the championship lead from Rosberg over the next eight races after sub-par results from the former.[117] During the mid-season interval, Mercedes non-executive chairman Niki Lauda paid a special visit to Rosberg's home in Ibiza, to help Rosberg regain his confidence and to bounce back.[118][119] Rosberg changed his diet to remove sugars from his body and abstained from alcohol.[115] Rosberg mulled over how to further improve his performance; to avoid the strain of starting a diet,[120] he refrained from cycling, losing 1 kg (2.2 lb) of muscle in both his legs.[121] He went on to win in Belgium, Singapore and Japan, and achieved three-second-place finishes in a row to enter the season-ending Abu Dhabi Grand Prix leading Hamilton by 12 points.[117]

To win the championship, Rosberg needed to finish no worse than third, even if Hamilton won.[122] He won the WDC by five points with a second-place finish after withstanding Hamilton's attempts to back him into the chasing pack and encourage drivers to pass Rosberg to claim the title for himself. Rosberg became the second son of a former world champion to win the title since Damon Hill replicated his father Graham Hill in 1996.[123] He published a limited-edition book entitled Finally about the 2016 season on 24 December 2016.[124] Overall, Rosberg competed in 206 races: he won 23, achieved 30 pole positions, gained 57 podium finishes, and scored 1594.5 championship points.[125]

Retirement from motor racing (2016–present)
Germany Rosberg X Racing
FoundedOctober 2020 (2020-10)
No.6
Current seriesExtreme E
Current driversSweden Johan Kristoffersson
Sweden Mikaela Åhlin-Kottulinsky
Noted driversAustralia Molly Taylor
Races16
Wins7
Podiums9
Best qualifiers4
Super sectors3
Points344
Teams'
Championships		1 (2021)
Drivers'
Championships		1 (2021)
First entry2021 Desert X-Prix
Last entry2023 Island X-Prix I
First win2021 Desert X-Prix
Last win2023 Island X-Prix I
Websitehttps://www.rosbergxracing.com/
Rosberg holding the 2016 Formula One World Drivers' Championship trophy

Rosberg, who had signed a two-year contract extension with Mercedes to 2018 in mid-2016,[126] began to contemplate retirement from motor racing when he considered the possibility of a championship win after the 2016 Japanese Grand Prix.[117] He discussed it twice with his wife Vivian before the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix[115] and decided to commit to retiring before the race commenced.[121] Afterwards, Rosberg told Vivian and manager Georg Noite that he would retire before telephoning the Mercedes team principal Toto Wolff about it.[115] He did not tell Wolff in person because he was apprehensive about Wolff's reaction.[127] At an FIA Prize Giving Ceremony in Vienna on 2 December 2016, five days after winning the championship, he made public his decision to retire.[128] Rosberg said he had reached the "pinnacle" of his career;[128] he did not want his driving skills to atrophy[129] and wished to spend more time with his young family.[128] He was the first reigning champion to retire from Formula One since Alain Prost in 1993.[128] Williams driver Valtteri Bottas replaced Rosberg at Mercedes.[90]

In retirement, Rosberg's love of engineering and innovation saw him become an eco-entrepreneur[130] by investing in positive change to the environment and society.[131] He used his celebrity status to advance the industry,[129] beginning with a fact-finding visit to Silicon Valley,[130] where he tested and observed the construction of electric and self-driving vehicles.[132] In July 2017, he visited the headquarters of the all-electric Formula E racing series,[133] and became fascinated in the e-mobility movement.[134] Rosberg became a long-term investor and shareholder in Formula E in early 2018.[134] Focusing primarily on Europe,[135] Rosberg has invested in multiple start-up technology and e-mobility companies.[112][136] He had the idea to launch the annual Greentech Festival trade fair,[131] which he did with the entrepreneurs Sven Krüger and Marco Voigt in February 2019 to showcase sustainable technologies from around the world in Berlin.[112][137] He replaced Frank Thelen as an investor on the German television programme Die Höhle der Löwen ('The Lions' Cave') in late 2019.[138]

In October 2017, Rosberg joined Team Rosberg as an adviser for its ADAC GT Masters sports car championship team in 2018.[139] He also joined the management team of the racing driver Robert Kubica that September. Rosberg assisted in Kubica's desire to return to Formula One after a severe 2011 rally accident left the latter with partial movement in his right arm.[140] He reduced his involvement with Kubica in April 2018 to focus on his business career.[141] Since the 2018 season, Rosberg has analysed select Formula One races for Sky Sports F1 in the United Kingdom, RTL in Germany, and Sky Italia in Italy.[142] He impressed viewers for conveying digestible information to them.[11] That same year, Rosberg co-founded the Rosberg Young Drivers Academy with karting mentor Dino Chiesa to scout and support young go-kart drivers.[143] In April 2019, Rosberg declined an offer from the Head of Audi Motorsport Dieter Gass to drive an RS5 DTM as a wild-card entrant in the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters (DTM) because he did not feel fit enough to return to racing.[144]

In late 2020, he established Rosberg X Racing formed on parts of the structure of his father's DTM team to compete in the all-electric SUV off-road racing series Extreme E from the 2021 season on.[145][65] He entered the series because of its promised racing action and wanted to help combat some of climate change's effects collectively.[146] Rosberg X Racing won the inaugural Extreme E constructors' title with drivers Johan Kristoffersson and Molly Taylor as drivers' champions.[147] The team narrowly missed out on retaining the constructors' title in 2022 by two points to Lewis Hamilton's Team X44.[148]

Rosberg has a YouTube vlogging channel[135] and hosts the podcast "Beyond Victory" in which he discusses human performance and development with his guests.[149]

Personality and driving style

Journalists describe Rosberg as articulate,[28] one who speaks with "Germanic precision" and has "more than a hint of canny PR-iness, distributing praise with diligent equality and seasoning his narrative with caveats when required."[26] He has avoided appearing to be courageous to impress others,[150] and some saw him as detrimental to Formula One's goal to attract new fans due to a perceived lack of personality and his commitment to fitness.[151] Nicknamed "Britney" after the singer Britney Spears by his colleagues at Williams for sporting blonde hair,[16][150] Rosberg is shy in private,[1] reserved, quiet,[9] and has a dry and sarcastic wit, which has occasionally "played out with a deft finesse."[42] He has been called charming,[7] shrewd,[42] intelligent, focused, and photogenic.[152] Rosberg prefers to be challenged for structuring,[113] and is an avid reader of books that further his knowledge.[153] His wealthy and cosmopolitan Monegasque upbringing,[9] coupled with his polyglotism led him to describe himself as an "International German."[7]

Rosberg practising for the 2014 British Grand Prix

Throughout his career, Rosberg had a strong work ethic, talking to engineers and mechanics, and approached each circuit with the care of a cartographer.[6] Formula One pundits regarded Rosberg as "among the most promising emergent stars of what some already call 'the Lewis generation'."[41] The media and fans compared him initially to the 1982 world champion, his father Keke.[9] That comparison lessened as his career progressed; he refused to discuss the comparison with the press and the difficulty in attempting to achieve as much success as his father was rarely mentioned.[154] When Rosberg was Michael Schumacher's teammate at Mercedes, he was highly cautious about what he said to the off-track press, fearing that they could misinterpret his words.[155]

Rosberg had a scientific and technical driving style;[112][156] he sought to fine-tune his car in specific detail and adapted his driving ability around the changes, especially over a single lap.[157] He shared his father's preference of oversteer over understeer and lacked a flamboyant driving technique.[153] Rosberg's qualifying preparations would be compromised in the event that he leaned towards a race setup; he analysed the situation and attempted to optimise his driving style to win races.[158] He occasionally used more of the circuit, using his car's ride over a bumpy track to ask the car to take as much as possible. Rosberg was sometimes unable to cope with the stress of extra complications, causing him to overdrive in the process, but was adept at managing technical issues on his car.[156] Will Buxton, a motorsport commentator and pundit, described him as "quick from the outset" and a driver who "was so impressive; seemingly effortlessly rapid and blessed with a precision that was metronomic."[42]

Helmet design and car number

For the 2014 season, the FIA created a new sporting regulation to allow a driver to select a unique car number for use throughout their Formula One career.[159] Rosberg selected number six because it was his wife and father's lucky number.[160] He also changed the colour of his helmet after eight years from yellow to dark grey. The overall design included chrome, some Buddhist influence, clean lines, and personal symbols; it was designed by Jens Munser.[lower-alpha 7][160][162]

Endorsements and philanthropy

Creative Artists Agency (CAA), through its sports division CAA Sports, represents Rosberg's commercial ventures.[163] From 2010 to 2015, he was associated with the jewellery and watch brand Thomas Sabo, and the luxury travel accessory maker Tumi.[164] Rosberg signed numerous endorsement contracts; some of the companies with which he has done business are the watchmakers Rolex, International Watch Company and Oris,[126][165][166] the tyre maker Continental Tire,[167] the luxury fashion house Hugo Boss, the toy car company Hot Wheels, the railway company Deutsche Bahn, the media broadcasters Sky Sports and RTL,[165] energy company EnBW and logistics provider Jungheinrich.[168] As a result of Rosberg's endorsement money and Mercedes salary, he was listed as one of the world's highest-paid athletes by Forbes in 2016.[164]

Rosberg is an ambassador for Mercedes-Benz,[134] Laureus,[169] the investment bank UBS, the Tribute to Bambi Foundation,[170] and the electric car manufacturer Schaeffler Group.[137] He is part of the alcohol brewing company Heineken's anti-drink-drive campaign,[171] including appearing with his father in an advertisement for zero-alcohol beer in 2020.[172] Rosberg accumulated €160,900 for the Laureus Sport for Good Foundation as part of a campaign called #DriveForGood in which €100 was donated for every kilometre he led in a Formula One race from the 2015 Chinese Grand Prix to the season-ending 2015 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix.[169]

In 2012, Rosberg teamed with the children's aid organisation Ein Herz für Kinder (German: A Heart for Children) and has raised capital for the charity through various events.[173] Rosberg has worked for the Viva con Agua de Sankt Pauli charity,[48] which supplies water and basic sanitation to individuals in developing countries.[174] In response to the murder of George Floyd, in June 2020, Rosberg donated €10,000 to the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund to aid its efforts in educating the public on racism and ending segregation.[175] He invested money into projects involving reforestation in Germany and the promotion of South American sustainable agro-forestry.[112]

Achievements and recognition

On 5 June 2011 Rosberg received the Lorenzo Bandini Trophy, which honours a recipient "for their dedication to motor racing, spirit of competition and achievements".[176] At the 2014 Brazilian Grand Prix, he won the inaugural FIA Pole Trophy for winning more pole positions than any other driver during the 2014 season with 11.[28] Rosberg won the DHL Fastest Lap Award because he recorded seven fastest laps, more than any other driver during the 2016 season.[177]

Rosberg won the Bambi Best Sportsman Award in 2014,[170] the Sport Bild Special Award 2014,[178] the 2016 BRDC Johnny Wakefield Trophy for "setting the fastest race lap of the season on the Silverstone Grand Prix Circuit",[179] the Autosport International Racing Driver Award in the same year,[180] the 2016 ADAC Motorsportsman of the Year Award,[181] the 2017 Laureus World Sports Award for Breakthrough of the Year,[182] the DMSB Cup from the German Motor Sport Federation (German: Deutscher Motor Sport Bund; DMSB) that same year,[183] and the 2018 Special Prize Entrepreneur of the Year at the GreenTec Awards.[149] Rosberg was inducted into the FIA Hall of Fame in December 2017.[184]

Karting record

Karting career summary
Season Series Team Position
1997 Trophee Jérôme Bernard – Minimes 1st
Trophee de France – Minimes 1st
1998 Torneo Industrie – 100 Junior 5th
Green Helmet Trophy Cadets
Trofeo Andrea Margutti – 100 Junior CRG 7th
1999 Trofeo Andrea Margutti – 100 Junior CRG 13th
European Championship – ICA Junior 4th
2000 Trofeo Andrea Margutti – Formula A 18th
European Championship – Formula A MBM.com 2nd
World Championship – Formula A 22nd
2001 South Garda Winter Cup – Formula Super A 10th 18th
Italian Open Masters – Formula A 5th
World Championship – Formula Super A 16th
Sources:[185]

Racing record

Career summary
Season Series Team Races Wins Poles F/Laps Podiums Points Position
2001 Formula BMW Junior Cup Iberia 3 0 0 0 0 38 18th
2002 Formula BMW ADAC VIVA Racing 20 9 5 1 13 264 1st
2003 Formula 3 Euro Series Team Rosberg 20 1 1 2 5 45 8th
Masters of Formula 3 1 0 0 0 0 N/A NC
Macau Grand Prix Carlin Motorsport 1 0 0 0 0 N/A NC
Korea Super Prix 1 0 0 0 0 N/A 11th
2004 Formula 3 Euro Series Team Rosberg 19 3 2 2 5 70 4th
Macau Grand Prix 1 0 0 0 0 N/A NC
Masters of Formula 3 1 0 0 0 0 N/A 6th
Bahrain Superprix 1 0 0 0 1 N/A 2nd
2005 GP2 Series ART Grand Prix 23 5 5[lower-alpha 8] 5 12 120 1st
Formula One BMW Williams F1 Team Test driver
2006 Formula One WilliamsF1 Team 18 0 0 1 0 4 17th
2007 Formula One AT&T Williams 17 0 0 0 0 20 9th
2008 Formula One AT&T Williams 18 0 0 0 2 17 13th
2009 Formula One AT&T Williams 17 0 0 1 0 34.5 7th
2010 Formula One Mercedes GP Petronas F1 Team 19 0 0 0 3 142 7th
2011 Formula One Mercedes GP Petronas F1 Team 19 0 0 0 0 89 7th
2012 Formula One Mercedes AMG Petronas F1 Team 20 1 1 2 2 93 9th
2013 Formula One Mercedes AMG Petronas F1 Team 19 2 3 0 4 171 6th
2014 Formula One Mercedes AMG Petronas F1 Team 19 5 11 5 15 317 2nd
2015 Formula One Mercedes AMG Petronas F1 Team 19 6 7 5 15 322 2nd
2016 Formula One Mercedes AMG Petronas F1 Team 21 9 8 6 16 385 1st
Sources:[27][100]

Complete Formula 3 Euro Series results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap; small number denotes the finishing position)

Year Entrant Chassis Engine 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 DC Points
2003 Team Rosberg Dallara F303/005 Spiess-Opel HOC
1
Ret		 HOC
2
3		 ADR
1
Ret		 ADR
2
2		 PAU
1
15		 PAU
2
17		 NOR
1
8		 NOR
2
Ret		 LMS
1
1		 LMS
2
11		 NÜR
1
Ret		 NÜR
2
3		 A1R
1
8		 A1R
2
3		 ZAN
1
18		 ZAN
2
8		 HOC
1
7		 HOC
2
14		 MAG
1
6		 MAG
2
Ret		 8th 45
2004 Team Rosberg Dallara F303/006 Spiess-Opel HOC
1
1		 HOC
2
1		 EST
1
Ret		 EST
2
4		 ADR
1
5		 ADR
1
Ret		 PAU
1
Ret		 PAU
2
Ret		 NOR
1
4		 NOR
1
17		 MAG
1
6		 MAG
2
2		 NÜR
1
1		 NÜR
2
3		 ZAN
1
Ret		 ZAN
2
DNS		 BRN
1
4		 BRN
2
11		 HOC
1
8		 HOC
2
8		 4th 70
Source:[125]

Complete GP2 Series results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap; small number denotes the finishing position)

Year Entrant 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 DC Points
2005 ART Grand Prix IMO
FEA
8		 IMO
SPR
Ret		 CAT
FEA
9		 CAT
SPR
4		 MON
FEA
3		 NÜR
FEA
3		 NÜR
SPR
4		 MAG
FEA
7		 MAG
SPR
1		 SIL
FEA
1		 SIL
SPR
4		 HOC
FEA
1		 HOC
SPR
4		 HUN
FEA
5		 HUN
SPR
2		 IST
FEA
17		 IST
SPR
3		 MNZ
FEA
2		 MNZ
SPR
2		 SPA
FEA
3		 SPA
SPR
5		 BHR
FEA
1		 BHR
SPR
1		 1st 120
Source:[125]

Complete Formula One results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap; small number denotes the finishing position)

Year Entrant Chassis Engine 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 WDC Points
2006 Williams F1 Team Williams FW28 Cosworth CA2006 2.4 V8 BHR
7		 MAL
Ret		 AUS
Ret		 SMR
11		 EUR
7		 ESP
11		 MON
Ret		 GBR
9		 CAN
Ret		 USA
9		 FRA
14		 GER
Ret		 HUN
Ret		 TUR
Ret		 ITA
Ret		 CHN
11		 JPN
10		 BRA
Ret		 17th 4
2007 AT&T Williams Williams FW29 Toyota RVX-07 2.4 V8 AUS
7		 MAL
Ret		 BHR
10		 ESP
6		 MON
12		 CAN
10		 USA
16†		 FRA
9		 GBR
12		 EUR
Ret		 HUN
7		 TUR
7		 ITA
6		 BEL
6		 JPN
Ret		 CHN
16		 BRA
4		 9th 20
2008 AT&T Williams Williams FW30 Toyota RVX-08 2.4 V8 AUS
3		 MAL
14		 BHR
8		 ESP
Ret		 TUR
8		 MON
Ret		 CAN
10		 FRA
16		 GBR
9		 GER
10		 HUN
14		 EUR
8		 BEL
12		 ITA
14		 SIN
2		 JPN
11		 CHN
15		 BRA
12		 13th 17
2009 AT&T Williams Williams FW31 Toyota RVX-09 2.4 V8 AUS
6		 MAL
8‡		 CHN
15		 BHR
9		 ESP
8		 MON
6		 TUR
5		 GBR
5		 GER
4		 HUN
4		 EUR
5		 BEL
8		 ITA
16		 SIN
11		 JPN
5		 BRA
Ret		 ABU
9		 7th 34.5
2010 Mercedes GP Petronas F1 Team Mercedes MGP W01 Mercedes FO 108X 2.4 V8 BHR
5		 AUS
5		 MAL
3		 CHN
3		 ESP
13		 MON
7		 TUR
5		 CAN
6		 EUR
10		 GBR
3		 GER
8		 HUN
Ret		 BEL
6		 ITA
5		 SIN
5		 JPN
17†		 KOR
Ret		 BRA
6		 ABU
4		 7th 142
2011 Mercedes GP Petronas F1 Team Mercedes MGP W02 Mercedes FO 108Y 2.4 V8 AUS
Ret		 MAL
12		 CHN
5		 TUR
5		 ESP
7		 MON
11		 CAN
11		 EUR
7		 GBR
6		 GER
7		 HUN
9		 BEL
6		 ITA
Ret		 SIN
7		 JPN
10		 KOR
8		 IND
6		 ABU
6		 BRA
7		 7th 89
2012 Mercedes AMG Petronas F1 Team Mercedes F1 W03 Mercedes FO 108Z 2.4 V8 AUS
12		 MAL
13		 CHN
1		 BHR
5		 ESP
7		 MON
2		 CAN
6		 EUR
6		 GBR
15		 GER
10		 HUN
10		 BEL
11		 ITA
7		 SIN
5		 JPN
Ret		 KOR
Ret		 IND
11		 ABU
Ret		 USA
13		 BRA
15		 9th 93
2013 Mercedes AMG Petronas F1 Team Mercedes F1 W04 Mercedes FO 108F 2.4 V8 AUS
Ret		 MAL
4		 CHN
Ret		 BHR
9		 ESP
6		 MON
1		 CAN
5		 GBR
1		 GER
9		 HUN
19†		 BEL
4		 ITA
6		 SIN
4		 KOR
7		 JPN
8		 IND
2		 ABU
3		 USA
9		 BRA
5		 6th 171
2014 Mercedes AMG Petronas F1 Team Mercedes F1 W05 Hybrid Mercedes PU106A Hybrid 1.6 V6 t AUS
1		 MAL
2		 BHR
2		 CHN
2		 ESP
2		 MON
1		 CAN
2		 AUT
1		 GBR
Ret		 GER
1		 HUN
4		 BEL
2		 ITA
2		 SIN
Ret		 JPN
2		 RUS
2		 USA
2		 BRA
1		 ABU
14		 2nd 317
2015 Mercedes AMG Petronas F1 Team Mercedes F1 W06 Hybrid Mercedes PU106B Hybrid 1.6 V6 t AUS
2		 MAL
3		 CHN
2		 BHR
3		 ESP
1		 MON
1		 CAN
2		 AUT
1		 GBR
2		 HUN
8		 BEL
2		 ITA
17†		 SIN
4		 JPN
2		 RUS
Ret		 USA
2		 MEX
1		 BRA
1		 ABU
1		 2nd 322
2016 Mercedes AMG Petronas F1 Team Mercedes F1 W07 Hybrid Mercedes PU106C Hybrid 1.6 V6 t AUS
1		 BHR
1		 CHN
1		 RUS
1		 ESP
Ret		 MON
7		 CAN
5		 EUR
1		 AUT
4		 GBR
3		 HUN
2		 GER
4		 BEL
1		 ITA
1		 SIN
1		 MAL
3		 JPN
1		 USA
2		 MEX
2		 BRA
2		 ABU
2		 1st 385
Sources:[100][125]

† Driver failed to finish the race but was classified since he had completed more than 90% of the race distance.
‡ Half points awarded because less than 75% of race distance was completed.

Notes and references

Notes
  1. Neither Mercedes-Benz nor McLaren officially recognised TeamMBM.com, and its website was a holding page.[26]
  2. The test, which was written up by the technical director Sam Michael, focused on driving with understeer and oversteer, adjusting the differential and solving issues with the car.[38]
  3. The current holder of this record is Max Verstappen, who set the fastest lap of the Brazilian Grand Prix when he was 19 years and 44 days.[59]
  4. Rosberg's father was not enthusiastic about his son being teammates with Lewis Hamilton because the latter had outperformed him in karting and the Formula 3 Euro Series.[67]
  5. The leaked Panama Papers revealed that the contract was constructed with the law firm Mossack Fonseca administered company to restrict "liability law" risks and allow Rosberg to operate internationally. Neither Daimler nor Rosberg committed malice.[105]
  6. Rosberg studied the "marginal gains" theory employed by sports coaches Clive Woodward and Dave Brailsford.[107]
  7. Association football's world governing body FIFA asked Rosberg's manager Georg Nolte to ask his client to change the design of his helmet to celebrate Germany winning the 2014 FIFA World Cup due to a copyright violation.[161]
  8. A total of four poles achieved during qualifying, and one pole as a result of the reverse grid in the sprint race.[125]

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