Ilex rotunda

Ilex rotunda, commonly called the Kurogane holly,[2] is an evergreen tree in the holly family (Aquifoliaceae). It is native to east Asia, where it is found in China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and Vietnam.[3] Its natural habitat is in evergreen broadleaf forests, often in sunny areas such forest edges or on mountain slopes.[4][5]

Ilex rotunda
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Aquifoliales
Family: Aquifoliaceae
Genus: Ilex
Species:
I. rotunda
Binomial name
Ilex rotunda

It has spineless leathery leaves and clusters of bright-red berries. It reaches 18 m at maturity (although 20 m is also reported).[2] The tree blooms from May to June,[3] and the seeds become ripe from October to December.[2] The plants are dioecious.[2] The fruits contain flavonols.[6]

Kurogane holly was first described in 1784 by Carl Peter Thunberg, from species growing in Japan.

In Japan, it is commonly planted garden and street tree.[3] It was first introduced to gardens of the New World through collections sent by Robert Fortune. In Japan, kurogane holly is one of the hibakujumoku trees. It is also the official tree of several Japanese municipalities.

  • Mature flowers
    Mature flowers

References
  1. Ye, J.; Qin, H.; Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) & IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group (2019). "Ilex rotunda". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T147378579A147613837. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
  2. "Ilex rotunda - Thunb". Plants for a Future. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
  3. Ilex rotunda (in Japanese), Flora of Mikawa
  4. Ilex rotunda Flora of China
  5. Ilex rotunda (in Japanese), Okayama University Plant Ecology Laboratory
  6. Jean-Jacques Macheix; Annie Fleuriet (1990). Fruit Phenolics. CRC Press. p. 263. ISBN 0-8493-4968-0.
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