Rowing at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's coxed four

Men's coxed fours
at the Games of the II Olympiad
Rowing pictogram
VenueSeine
Dates25–26 August
Competitors51 from 4 nations
Winning time7:11.0
5:59.0
Medalists
1st place, gold medalist(s) Cercle de l'Aviron Roubaix
 France
1st place, gold medalist(s) Der Hamburger und Germania Ruder Club
 Germany
2nd place, silver medalist(s) Club Nautique de Lyon
 France
2nd place, silver medalist(s) Minerva Amsterdam
 Netherlands
3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Favorite Hammonia
 Germany
3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Ludwigshafener Ruderverein
 Germany

The men's coxed four was one of the competitions in the Rowing at the 1900 Summer Olympics events in Paris. The competition was plagued by controversy involving which boats should advance to the final. In one of the most unusual decisions in Olympic history, two separate finals were held for the event, each of which is still considered an Olympic championship by the International Olympic Committee. The crews of all six boats to compete in the two finals are Olympic medallists.

The coxed four event was held from 25 to 26 August 1900. Ten boats, involving fifty-one rowers from four nations, competed.[1] The first final, featuring the three fastest losers from the semifinals, was won by a crew from the Cercle de l'Aviron Roubaix club of France, with another French crew (Club Nautique de Lyon) coming second and German team Favorite Hammonia third. The second final, featuring the semifinal winners, was won by Der Hamburger und Germania Ruder Club of Germany, with Dutch side Minerva Amsterdam finishing second and German crew Ludwigshafener Ruderverein third.

Background

This was the first appearance of the event. Rowing had been on the programme in 1896 but was cancelled due to bad weather. The coxed four was one of the four initial events introduced in 1900. It was not held in 1904 or 1908, but was held at every Games from 1912 to 1992 when it (along with the men's coxed pair) was replaced with the men's lightweight double sculls and men's lightweight coxless four.[2]

Competition format

The coxed four event featured five-person boats, with four rowers and a coxswain. It was a sweep rowing event, with the rowers each having one oar (and thus each rowing on one side). The tournament featured two rounds: semifinals and a final. There were three semifinals, each with three or four boats.

The original format provided for the three semifinal winners, plus the second-place boat in the third semifinal (with four competitors), advancing to the final. In other words, the last two boats in each semifinal would be eliminated.[2]

The distance for each race was 1750 metres, rather than the 2000 metres which was becoming standard even at the time (and has been used in the Olympics since 1912, except in 1948).[3]

Controversy

After the runner-up in the second semifinal and the third-place boat in the third semifinal (who should have been eliminated) each had faster times than the winner of the first semifinal, the officials decided to hold another qualifying race. However, as the officials could not contact all of the teams involved, this race was scratched.

The officials later decided to have a six-boat final, with the semifinal winners and the three fastest losers competing, despite the fact that the course had been designed for a maximum of four boats. As this decision was clearly preposterous, the semifinal winners boycotted the final in protest.[2]

Following this fiasco, the officials decided to have a second final with the three semifinal winners plus the winner of the first final (Cercle de l'Aviron Roubaix) competing, which would have seen the first final become a de facto repechage: for this reason, as well as the fact they had already won the event under the rules in effect when the first final was held, the Cercle de l'Aviron Roubaix rowers flatly declined to compete in the second final.

Thus, the second final consisted only of the semifinal winners, resulting in two sets of medals being awarded for the event.[2]

Schedule

Date Time Round
Saturday, 25 August 190016:15Semifinals
Sunday, 26 August 190014:00Finals

Results

Semifinals

Initially, the top boat in each semifinal plus the runner-up in the third semifinal (which had four boats instead of the three boats competing in each of the other two), were to advance. Following protests which ensued after the runner-up in the second semifinal and the third-place boat in the third semifinal each posted better times than the winner of the first, the qualification rules for the final were altered. Eventually, the six boats were broken into two groups and competed in separate finals. The runners-up in semifinals 2 and 3 as well as the third-place boat in semifinal 3 competed in the first final, while the three semifinal winners competed in the second.

Semifinal 1

RankBoatRowersCoxswainNationTimeNotes
1Ludwigshafener RudervereinFranz Kröwerath Germany6:14.0Q2
2Royal Barcelona Maritime ClubAntonio Vela Spain6:38.4
3Club Nautique de FranceUnknown France6:40.0

Semifinal 2

RankBoatRowersCoxswainNationTimeNotes
1Minerva AmsterdamHermanus Brockmann Netherlands6:02.0Q2
2Club Nautique de LyonUnknown France6:06.2Q1
Société Nautique de la MarneUnknown FranceDNF

Semifinal 3

RankBoatRowersCoxswainNationTimeNotes
1Der Hamburger und Germania Ruder ClubCarl Goßler Germany5:56.2Q2
2Cercle de l'Aviron RoubaixCharlot France5:59.0Q1
3Favorite HammoniaGustav Moths[4] Germany6:03.0Q1
4Club Nautique de DieppeUnknown France6:20.0

Final 1

RankBoatRowersCoxswainNationTime
1st place, gold medalist(s)Cercle de l'Aviron RoubaixCharlot France7:11.0
2nd place, silver medalist(s)Club Nautique de LyonUnknown France7:18.0
3rd place, bronze medalist(s)Favorite HammoniaMax Ammermann[4] Germany7:18.2

Final 2

RankBoatRowersCoxswainNationTime
1st place, gold medalist(s)Der Hamburger und Germania Ruder ClubCarl Goßler Germany5:59.0
2nd place, silver medalist(s)Minerva AmsterdamHermanus Brockmann Netherlands6:03.0
3rd place, bronze medalist(s)Ludwigshafener RudervereinFranz Kröwerath Germany6:05.0

Results summary

RankBoatRowersCoxswainNationSemifinalsFinals
1st place, gold medalist(s)Der Hamburger und Germania Ruder ClubGustav Goßler
Oscar Goßler
Walther Katzenstein
Waldemar Tietgens
Carl Goßler Germany5:56.25:59.0
Final 2
Cercle de l'Aviron RoubaixHenri Bouckaert
Jean Cau
Émile Delchambre
Henri Hazebrouck
Charlot France5:59.07:11.0
Final 1
2nd place, silver medalist(s)Minerva AmsterdamCoenraad Hiebendaal
Geert Lotsij
Paul Lotsij
Johannes Terwogt
Hermanus Brockmann Netherlands6:02.06:03.0
Final 2
Club Nautique de LyonGeorges Lumpp
Charles Perrin
Daniel Soubeyran
Émile Wegelin
Unknown France6:06.27:18.0
Final 1
3rd place, bronze medalist(s)Ludwigshafener RudervereinErnst Felle
Otto Fickeisen
Carl Lehle
Hermann Wilker
Franz Kröwerath Germany6:14.06:05.0
Final 2
Favorite HammoniaWilhelm Carstens
Julius Körner
Adolf Möller
Hugo Rüster
Gustav Moths (semis)
Max Ammermann (final)
 Germany6:03.07:18.2
Final 1
7Club Nautique de DieppeAngot
Henri Delabarre
Robert Gelée
Maison
Unknown France6:20.0Did not advance
8Royal Barcelona Maritime ClubJuan Camps
José Fórmica
Ricardo Margarit
Orestes Quintana
Antonio Vela Spain6:38.4
9Club Nautique de FranceRené Beslaud
Léon Deslinières
Peyronnie
Saurel
Unknown France6:40.0
Société Nautique de la MarnePaul Cocuet
Jules Demaré
Clément Dorlia
René Waleff
Unknown FranceDNF

References

  1. "Rowing at the 1900 Paris Summer Games: Men's Coxed Fours". Sports Reference. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
  2. "Coxed Fours (2), Men". Olympedia. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
  3. "Why Do We Race 2000m? The History Behind the Distance". World Rowing. 1 May 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
  4. The German team changed the coxswain after the semifinal. Gustav Moths participated only in the semifinal and Max Ammermann participated in the final. However, the IOC medal database credits the bronze medal only to Gustav Moths.
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