Royal Assent by Commission Act 1541

The Royal Assent by Commission Act 1541 (33 Hen. 8. c. 21) was an Act of the Parliament of England, passed in 1542,[4] which attainted Queen Catherine Howard for adultery, thereby authorising her execution.[lower-alpha 1] It also provided that all of Queen Catherine's assets were to be forfeited to the Crown while also creating a new method in which royal assent could be granted to legislation.

Royal Assent by Commission Act 1541[1]
Act of Parliament
Parliament of England
Long titleAn Act concerning the Attainder of the late Queen Catherine and her Complices.[2]

The Bill of Atteynder of Mestres Katherin Hawarde late Quene of England, and divers other personnes her complices.[3]
Citation33 Hen. 8. c. 21
Other legislation
Repealed byRoyal Assent Act 1967
Status: Repealed

Queen Catherine was to be convicted by bill of attainder, rather than by ordinary prosecution in a court of law. However, until 1542 the Royal Assent could be granted only by the king in person, at a ceremony in which the whole text of the bill would be read aloud. King Henry decided that "the repetition of so grievous a Story and the recital of so infamous a Crime" in his presence "might reopen a Wound already closing in the Royal Bosom".[6] To avoid this, Parliament inserted a clause in the bill of attainder, which provided that the Royal Assent could be granted by commissioners appointed for the purpose, instead of by the king in person. Initially used sparingly, the new procedure gradually became used more often until it became the usual way. The last monarch to grant Royal Assent in person was Queen Victoria in 1854.[7]

The Act was repealed by section 2(2) of the Royal Assent Act 1967,[8] which however preserved the Commissioners' role.

This Act was repealed for the Republic of Ireland by sections 2(1) and 3(1) of, and Part 2 of Schedule 2 to the Statute Law Revision Act 2007.

Other provisions

The 1541 Act was more than an act of attainder, however. It also made it high treason for any person who married the King (or his successors) to conceal from the monarch their previous sexual history. It became treason for any third party to conceal such knowledge for longer than 20 days after the marriage, or to incite another to have "carnal knowledge" of the queen consort, or of the wife of the monarch's son, or for the queen or princess to incite somebody to do so. These provisions were repealed by the Treason Act 1547.[9]

See also

Notes
  1. The text of the act did not prescribe any punishment, with it stating that "Queen Katharine[sic] [is hereby] attained of Treason...",[5] for which the punishment was death.

References
  1. The citation of this Act by this short title was authorised by section 5 of, and Schedule 2 to, the Statute Law Revision Act 1948. Due to the repeal of those provisions, it is now authorised by section 19(2) of the Interpretation Act 1978.
  2. The statutes at large, of England and of Great Britain : from Magna Carta to the union of the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland. Page 366. Accessed 14 March 2022.
  3. These words are printed against this Act in the second column of Schedule 2 to the Statute Law Revision Act 1948, which is headed "Title".
  4. Acts of Parliament were dated according to the year in which the session of Parliament began, rather than the year in which the Act was passed.
  5. The statutes at large, of England and of Great Britain : from Magna Carta to the union of the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland. Page 366. Accessed 14 March 2022.
  6. Quennell, Peter (1951). "History Today", Stanford University. p767.
  7. Richardson, Jessica. "Modernisation of Royal Assent in Canada". Canadian Parliamentary Review.
  8. 1967 c.23
  9. 1 Edw.6 c.12, s.2
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