Rubus swinhoei

The specimen was first collected in April 1864 in Tamsui, Taiwan, by R. Oldham, a British collector, collection number 142. The holotype specimen is kept in London’s Natural History Museum. Henry Fletcher Hance first published the scientific name in the “Annales des Sciences Naturelles” a botanical journal, in 1866.[4]

Located in northern and central Taiwan, at an altitude of 10 to 900 m (33 to 2,953 ft) on the foothills, plains, and areas with higher altitudes.[5]

The stem is a semi-evergreen shrub 1 to 4 m (3 ft 3 in to 13 ft 1 in) high, with dark purple-brown, gray-white pubescence when young and glabrous when old. The shape of the single leaf varies greatly, from lanceolate to broadly ovate, 5 to 11 cm (2.0 to 4.3 in) in length and 2.5 to 5 cm (0.98 to 1.97 in) in width, with a pointed tip and a shallow cordiform base. Soft hairs run along the veins with the lower surface tomentose or subglabrous. The adaxial surface of the leaf is tomentose, leaf margin ciliate or glabrous, serrated, with 0 to 12 pairs of leaf veins. The petiole is 0.5 to 1.5 cm (0.20 to 0.59 in) in length, with purple-brown glandular hairs and a sparse spine with tomentose. The flowers are borne 5 to 6 in number, with stalks and sepals 0.1 to 0.3 cm (0.039 to 0.118 in) in length with purple-brown glandular hairs. The flower diameter is 1 to 1.5 cm (0.39 to 0.59 in), with the slender stalk measuring 1 to 3 cm in length. The flower buds are hairy and serrated, ovate or triangular sepals, 0.5 to 0.8 cm (0.20 to 0.31 in) long with gray-white hair, pointed apex, and margins entire. Reflexed during the fruiting time with ovate or nearly round-shaped white petals, hoary. The stamen is mostly glabrous at the base of the filaments and swollen. The pistil is longer than the stamens. The ovary is glabrous, and the flowering period is from May to June. Spherical fruit that measures 1 to 1.5 cm (0.39 to 0.59 in) in diameter and is composed of glabrous drupes that turn from red-green-purple to black-purple when ripe. The fruit core has a wrinkled texture with a sour taste. The fruiting period is from July to August.[2]

Red List of Vascular Plants of Taiwan, 2017: No immediate threat.[6]