Heinrich Daniel Ruhmkorff

Heinrich Daniel Ruhmkorff (Rühmkorff) (15 January 1803 – 20 December 1877) was a German instrument maker who commercialised the induction coil (often referred to as the Ruhmkorff coil).

Heinrich Daniel Ruhmkorff
Born(1803-01-15)15 January 1803
Kingdom of Hanover
Died20 December 1877(1877-12-20) (aged 74)
Paris, France
OccupationInstrument maker
Known for
AwardsVolta Prize (1858)
Ruhmkorff inductor
Tombstone of Heinrich Daniel Ruhmkorff on the Montparnasse Cemetery in Paris

Ruhmkorff was born in Hanover. He changed the "ü" to "u" in his name when living abroad. After an apprenticeship with a German mechanic, he moved to England. Contemporaneous and extant biographies have made the assertion that he worked with the inventor Joseph Bramah, but this is unlikely since Bramah died in 1814. He may, though, have worked for the Bramah company. In 1855, he set up a shop in Paris, where he gained a reputation for the high quality of his electrical apparatus.

Although Ruhmkorff is often credited with the invention of the induction coil, it was in fact invented by Nicholas Callan in 1836. Ruhmkorff's first coil, which he patented in 1851, utilized long windings of copper wire to achieve a spark of approximately 2 inches (50 mm) in length. In 1857, after examining a greatly improved version made by an American inventor, Edward Samuel Ritchie,[1][2] Ruhmkorff improved his design (as did other engineers), using glass insulation and other innovations to allow the production of sparks more than 30 centimetres long.[3] Ruhmkorff patented the first version of his induction coil in 1851, and its success was such that in 1858 he becomes the first recipient of the Volta Prize, 50,000 French franc award by Napoleon III for one of the most important discoveries in the application of electricity. He died in Paris in 1877.

The Ruhmkorff lamps or 'Ruhmkorff's apparatus' mentioned in several of Jules Verne's science-fiction novels[4] relied on induction coils but were not developed by Ruhmkorff.

Asteroid

The asteroid 15273 Ruhmkorff, discovered in 1991 by E. W. Elst, is named after Heinrich Daniel Ruhmkorff.

References
  1. American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. XXIII, May 1895 - May 1896, Boston: University Press, John Wilson and Son (1896), pp. 359-360: Ritchie's most powerful version of his induction coil, using staged windings, achieved electrical bolts two feet (61 cm) or longer in length
  2. Page, Charles G., History of Induction: The American Claim to the Induction Coil and Its Electrostatic Developments, Washington, D.C.: Intelligencer Printing House (1867), pp. 104-106
  3. American Academy, pp. 359-360.
  4. Journey to the Center of the Earth (1864), From the Earth to the Moon (1865), and 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1869).

Further reading
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Heinrich Daniel Ruhmkorff.
  • Biography with photographs accessed April 12, 2006
  • "Ruhmkorff, Heinrich Daniel" . Encyclopedia Americana. 1920.
  • Spark Museum—Induction coils
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