List of Russian censuses

A Russian census is a census of the population of Russia. Such a census has occurred at various irregular points in the history of Russia.

General Population Census
of the Russian Federation
Всеобщая перепись населения Российской Федерации
Vseobshchaya perepis' naseleniya Rossiyskoy Federatsiyi
FrequencyDecennially (since 2010)
Country Russia
InauguratedFebruary 9, 1897 (1897-02-09)
Most recentOctober 1, 2021 (2021-10-01)
Next event2031
Organised byMinistry of Internal Affairs
(1897–1917)
Central Statistical Directorate
(1918–1987)
State Committee for Statistics
(1987–1991)
Federal State Statistics Service
(since 1991)
Websitegks.ru

Introduced in 1897 during the Russian Empire, the census took place decennially since 2010 according to the UN standards. Preparing and organizing the census is under the authority of the Federal State Statistics Service, branch of the Ministry of Economic Development since 2017.

History
See also: Soviet Census
Year Territory
(km2)		 Total
population		 Rank Density
per km2		 Change Urban
population		 Share Males Share Females Share Largest city Second
largest city		 Ethnic
Russians		 Share Ethnic
minorities		 Notes
1897
 20 121 420 125 640 021
3rd
 Steady 6.24 Steady 0.0% 16 828 395 Steady 13.4% 62 477 348 Steady 49.7% 63 162 673 Steady 50.3% St. Petersburg
(1 264 920)		 Moscow
(est. 1 038 625)		 55 667 469 Steady 44.3%
[lower-alpha 1]
1920
 est. 
19 651 446		 est. 
136 800 000		 Increase 6.96 Increase 8.9% est. 
20 900 000		 Increase 15.3% — — — — Moscow
(est. 1 028 200)		 Petrograd
(est. 740 000)		 — — — [lower-alpha 2]
1926
 19 651 446 100 891 244 Decrease 5.13 Decrease 26.2% 17 442 655 Increase 17.3% 48 170 635 Decrease 47.7% 52 720 609 Increase 52.3% Moscow
(2 025 947)		 Leningrad
(1 590 770)		 74 072 096 Increase 73.4%
[lower-alpha 3]
1937
 103 967 924 Increase 5.30 Increase 3.0% 34 373 245 Increase 33.1% 48 726 033 Decrease 46.9% 55 241 891 Increase 53.1% Moscow
(3 798 078)		 Leningrad
(2 814 474)		 85 361 394 Increase 82.1%
[lower-alpha 4][1]
1939
 109 397 463
6th
 Increase 5.57 Increase 5.2% 36 875 233 Increase 33.7% 51 593 770 Increase 47.2% 57 803 693 Decrease 52.8% Moscow
(4 131 633)		 Leningrad
(3 191 304)		 90 306 276 Increase 82.5%
[lower-alpha 5][2]
1959
 17 098 246 117 534 315 Increase 6.87 Increase 7.4% 62 059 783 Increase 52.8% 52 424 767 Decrease 44.6% 65 109 548 Increase 55.4% Moscow
(5 045 905)		 Leningrad
(3 121 196)		 97 863 579 Increase 83.3%
[lower-alpha 6][3]
1970
 130 079 210 Increase 7.61 Increase 10.7% 80 981 143 Increase 62.2% 59 324 787 Increase 45.6% 70 754 423 Decrease 54.4% Moscow
(6 941 961)		 Leningrad
(3 949 501)		 107 747 630 Decrease 82.8%
1979
 137 550 949 Increase 8.04 Increase 5.6% 95 373 867 Increase 69.3% 63 482 780 Increase 46.1% 74 068 169 Decrease 53.9% Moscow
(7 830 509)		 Leningrad
(4 588 183)		 113 521 881 Decrease 82.6%
1989
 147 021 869 Increase 8.60 Increase 7% 108 425 580 Increase 73.7% 69 039 087 Increase 46.9% 78 361 450 Decrease 53.1% Moscow
(8 769 117)		 Leningrad
(5 023 506)		 119 865 946 Decrease 81.5%
[lower-alpha 7][4]
2002
 145 166 731 Decrease 8.49 Decrease 1.5% 106 429 049 Decrease 73.3% 67 605 133 Decrease 46.6% 77 561 598 Increase 53.4% Moscow
(10 382 754)		 St. Petersburg
(4 661 219)		 115 889 107 Decrease 79.8%
[lower-alpha 8]
2010
 142 856 536
9th
 Decrease 8.35 Decrease 1.6% 105 313 773 Increase 73.7% 66 046 579 Decrease 46.2% 76 809 957 Increase 53.8% Moscow
(11 503 501)		 St. Petersburg
(4 879 566)		 111 016 896 Decrease 77.7%
[lower-alpha 9]
2021
 17 125 191 147 182 123 Increase 8.59 Increase 3.0% 110 075 322 Increase 74.8% 68 431 580 Increase 46.5% 78 750 543 Decrease 53.5% Moscow
(13 010 112)		 St. Petersburg
(5 601 911)		 105 579 179 Decrease 71.7%
[lower-alpha 10][5]

See also

Notes
  1. The first census in Russian history. The first and only census of the Russian Empire. The overall territory of the Empire comprised est. 22 440 000 km2, but the 1897 census excluded the Grand Duchy of Finland except the capital city Gelsingfors (now Helsinki). Along with the numbers presented, the census also shows 13,276 of Finland's Russian population, 13,158 abroad travelling on warships, 10,308 of the Russian population in the Protectorate of Bukhara and 3,919 in the Khanate of Khiva. Ukrainians labeled as Little Russians. Turks include the turkic peoples of Russia, i.e. Tatars, Bashkirs, Kazakhs, Turkmens, Azerbaijanis, Crimean Tatars, etc.
  2. Took place during the Russian Civil War and the Soviet-Polish War. Excluded Crimea, the Far East, the Northern Caucasus and other territories.
  3. The first full-scale census in the Soviet Union.
  4. Initially set to take place in 1933, but was delayed multiple times due to Joseph Stalin's policies of collectivization, forced famine and political repression which lowered the population drastically. The only one-day census in the Russian history. Proclaimed defective by the Soviet government in September 1937.
  5. Took place instead of the "defective" 1937 census.
  6. The population increased markedly as a result of the Soviet Union's territorial expansion by World War II.
  7. The last census of the Soviet Union.
  8. The first census after the breakup of the USSR indicating a marked decline after the demographic crisis of the early 1990s. Compared to the population of the Soviet Union as of 1989, Russia lost 49.4% of the population, including approximately 30 million ethnic Russians.
  9. The first census carried out by UN standards.
  10. Includes Crimea, occupied and illegally annexed from Ukraine in 2014. Postponed in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

References
  1. "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1937 года: Общие итоги". docs.historyrussia.org.
  2. "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-02-10.
  3. "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-02-10.
  4. "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-02-10.
  5. "Росстат ― Всероссийская перепись населения 2020". rosstat.gov.ru. Retrieved 2022-11-08.
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