Suleyman Shah
Suleyman Shah (Ottoman Turkish: سلیمان شاه; Modern Turkish: Süleyman Şah) was, according to Ottoman tradition, the son of Kaya Alp and the father of Ertuğrul, who was the father of Osman I, the founder of the Ottoman Empire.[1] Early Ottoman genealogies disputed this lineage, and either Suleyman Shah or Gündüz Alp could be Osman's grandfather and the father of Ertuğrul. An Ottoman tomb initially in or near Qal'at Ja'bar has historically been associated with Suleyman Shah.[2] He succeeded his father as bey in 1214 when he decided to lead the 50,000 strong tribe West in the face of Mongol invasion. After migrating to the North Caucasus, thousands of Kayis settled in Erzincan and Ahlat in 1214, while some of the other Kayi groups dispersed in Diyarbakir, Mardin, and Urfa.
| Suleyman Shah سلیمان شاه | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bey of the Kayı tribe (pre-Ottoman Empire) | |||||
| Reign | 1214–1227 | ||||
| Predecessor | Kaya Alp | ||||
| Successor | Ertuğrul | ||||
| Born | May 1166[1] | ||||
| Died | January 1227 (aged 60) Euphrates, Aleppo | ||||
| Burial | |||||
| Spouse | Hayme Hatun | ||||
| Issue | Aziz Alp Ertuğrul Gündoğdu Sungur-Tekin Dündar | ||||
| |||||
| Father | Kaya Alp | ||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam | ||||
Family tree of Süleymanşâh
Various sources linked Süleymanşâh to Osman Gazi and his father Ertuğrul:
Family tree in Şükrullah's Behcetü't Tevârîh[3]
| Oğuz | |||||||||||||
| Gökalp | |||||||||||||
| Kızıl Boga | |||||||||||||
| Kaya Alp | |||||||||||||
| Süleymanşâh | |||||||||||||
| Ertuğrul | |||||||||||||
| Osman Gazi | |||||||||||||
Family tree according to Oruç Bey's Oruç Bey Tarıhı[4]
| Oğuz | |||||||||||||
| Gunhan | |||||||||||||
| Kayı Han | |||||||||||||
| 35 generations | |||||||||||||
| Gökalp | |||||||||||||
| Basak | |||||||||||||
| Temür | |||||||||||||
| Sugançaf | |||||||||||||
| Bakı Ağa | |||||||||||||
| Baysunkur | |||||||||||||
| Kayıtnun | |||||||||||||
| Tugar | |||||||||||||
| Akulug Ağa | |||||||||||||
| Iğla | |||||||||||||
| Baytur | |||||||||||||
| Kızıl Buga | |||||||||||||
| Kaya Alp | |||||||||||||
| Süleymanşâh | |||||||||||||
| Ertuğrul | |||||||||||||
| Osman Gazi | |||||||||||||
Family tree in Hasan bin Mahmûd el-Bayâtî's Câm-ı Cem-Âyîn[5]
| Kaya Alp | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Süleymanşâh | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ertuğrul | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Savcı Bey | Osman Gazi | Gündüz Bey | |||||||||||||||||||||
Family tree in Âşıkpaşazâde's History of Âşıkpaşazâde[6]
| Oğuz | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kayık Alp | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gökalp | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basuk | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kaya Alp | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Süleymanşâh | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ertuğrul | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Saru-Yatı (Savcı) | Osman Gazi | Gündüz Alp | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Bay-Hoca | Ay-Doğdu | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Family tree in Neşrî's Kitâb-ı Cihannümâ[7]
| Süleymanşâh | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sunkur-Tekin | Ertuğrul | Gündoğdu | Tündar (Dündar) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Saru-Yatı | Osman Gazi | Gündüz | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In chapter fourteenth of The History of Âşıkpaşazâde of Âşıkpaşazâde, Osman I asserted that he had descended from Gökalp and Suleiman ibn Qutulmish the founder of Anatolian Seljuk Sultanate instead of "Süleymanşâh ibn Kaya Alp".[8] Erhan Afyoncu claims that the identity of Süleyman Şah in the Tomb of Suleyman Shah is unidentified. He also defends that the father of Ertuğrul according to the recent investigations is Gündüz Alp.[9]
Operation Shah Euphrates
In early 2015, during the Syrian Civil War, on the night of 21–22 February, 2015, a Turkish military convoy including tanks and other armored vehicles numbering about 100 entered Syria to evacuate the tomb's 40 guards and to relocate the tomb of Suleyman Shah.
The tomb is now temporarily located in Turkey-controlled territory 200 meters inside Syria, 22 km (14 mi) west of Ayn al-Arab and 5 km (3.1 mi) east of the Euphrates, less than 2 km (1.2 mi) southeast of the Turkish village of Esmesi that is in southernmost Birecik District.
The Turkish government has highlighted that the relocation is temporary, and that it does not constitute any change to the status of the tomb site.
In fiction
Serdar Gökhan appeared as Suleyman Shah in the Turkish TV series Diriliş: Ertuğrul, where he starred as a main character in the first season, and its sequel, Kuruluş: Osman, where he made a cameo appearance in the thirteenth episode.
References
- "Biography of Suleyman Shah". biyografi.info (in Turkish). Retrieved 19 July 2020.
- Sourdel, D. (2009). "ḎJ̲abar or Ḳalat ḎJ̲abar". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; et al. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.). Brill online.
- İnalcık, Halil, 2007; sf. 487
- Manav, Bekir (2017). Ertuğrul Gazi (in Turkish). Pergole Yayınları. p. 54. ISBN 978-6052-394-23-6. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
- İnalcık, Halil, 2007; sf. 488
- İnalcık, Halil, 2007; sf. 489
- İnalcık, Halil, 2007; sf. 490
- Âşıkpaşazâde, History of Âşıkpaşazâde; & İnalcık, Halil (2007). "Osmanlı Beyliği'nin Kurucusu Osman Beg (Osman Beg, The founder of Ottoman Dynasty)". Belleten (in Turkish). Ankara. 7 (261): 503.
- Afyoncu, Erhan, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, pp. 33–34, Yeditepe Publications, Istanbul, 2011.