Dictionaries of the Polish language

The earliest dictionaries of the Polish language were bilingual aids, usually Polish–Latin, and date to the 15th century. The first dictionary dedicated solely to the Polish language was published in the early 19th century. Many dictionaries of the Polish language are named simply "the Dictionary of the Polish Language" (Polish: Słownik języka polskiego) or in similar fashion.

A modern dictionary of Polish language (here, an orthographical dictionary – Wielki słownik ortograficzny – published by PWN in 2016)

Bilingual
One of the earliest Polish-Latin dictionaries, Vocabularis breviloquus, from 1532

The first Polish dictionaries took the form of Polish–Latin (or more correctly, Old Polish–Latin) bilingual translation aids and date to the 15th century.[1] The oldest known one is the Wokabularz trydencki from 1424; it contains about 500 entries, and is associated with the Prince Alexander of Masovia.[2]: 45 [3]: 73  The largest of those earliest dictionaries was the Silesian Mamotrekt kaliski (from c. 1470), with about 7,000 entries.[4]: 139  The 16th century saw a proliferation of printed dictionaries; the first of those were written abroad and reprinted in Poland. The first such dictionary was the trilingual German–Latin–Polish Dictionarius Ioannis Murmellii variarum rerum from 1526. It had about 2,500 entries and was based on the work of the Dutch scholar Johannes Murmellius and published in Poland by Hieronim Wietor (most likely with Wietor responsible for the German part, and Hieronim Spiczyński for the Polish).[5][6][7] Dozens of other bilingual Polish dictionaries were published in the subsequent centuries by scholars such as Bartłomiej of Bydgoszcz, Johann Reuchlin, Jan Mączyński, Nicolaus Volckmar, Grzegorz Knapski and others.[2]: 45–60 

General
Title page of the first volume of Linde's 1807 work, the first dictionary of Polish language.

Many dictionaries in the Polish language and dedicated to the Polish language bear the generic name Słownik języka polskiego (lit. the Dictionary of the Polish Language).[8] The first such dictionary was published by Samuel Linde in the early 19th century (in six volumes from 1807 to 1814) and had 60,000 entries.[4][9][8] Numerous other dictionaries of the Polish language have been published since.[8] The ones following in Linde's path include the 110,000-entry Słownik języka polskiego published in Wilno in 1861 by a group of Polish scholars led by Aleksander Zdanowicz[10] and the 270,000-entry Słownik języka polskiego edited by Jan Aleksander Karłowicz, Adam Kryński and Władysław Niedźwiedzki, published in several volumes from 1900 to 1927.[11] After World War II, a major dictionary of the Polish language was the Słownik języka polskiego of Witold Doroszewski, published in volumes from 1958 to 1969, which quickly became considered a new classic.[12]

As of the early 21st century, the largest dictionary of the Polish language is the 50-volume Praktyczny słownik współczesnej polszczyzny (published from 1994 to 2005) edited by Halina Zgółkowa.[13] Several newer dictionaries are published on the Internet and are freely accessible to the public; they include the Słownik języka polskiego at Polish Wiktionary[14][15] and the Wielki słownik języka polskiego edited by Piotr Żmigrodzki of the Polish Language Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences (IJP PAN).[16]

Specialized

There are also many specialized dictionaries in Polish. Some are focused on the Polish language, such as the etymological Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (from 1927, edited by Aleksander Brückner);[17] but many others focus on non-language topics, such as the Polish Biographical Dictionary.[18]

See also

References
  1. Michałowska, Teresa (2011). Literatura polskiego średniowiecza : leksykon (in Polish) (Wyd. 1 ed.). Warszawa: Wydawn. Nauk. PWN. p. 769. ISBN 978-83-01-16675-5. OCLC 768346543. Archived from the original on 2021-10-19. Retrieved 2021-06-14.
  2. Edward Stankiewicz (21 November 2016). Grammars and Dictionaries of the Slavic Languages from the Middle Ages up to 1850: An Annotated Bibliography. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 978-3-11-085971-3. Archived from the original on 14 June 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
  3. Kaczyńska, Barbara (2019). "Wokabularz trydencki jako przykład leksykografii średniowiecznej". Studia Źródłoznawcze. Commentationes (in Polish). 57: 47–97. doi:10.12775/SZ.2019.03. ISSN 2451-1331. S2CID 242709756.
  4. Zenon Klemensiewicz (1985). Historia języka polskiego (in Polish). Vol. III. Państwowe Wydawn. Naukowe. pp. 653–655. ISBN 978-83-01-06443-3. Archived from the original on 2021-06-14. Retrieved 2021-06-14.
  5. "Dictionarius Ioannis Murmellii variarum rerum, Kraków 1526". SŁOWNIKI DAWNE I WSPÓŁCZESNE. www.leksykografia.uw.edu.pl. Archived from the original on 2021-06-24. Retrieved 2021-06-16.
  6. Walczak, Bogdan (2001). "Słownik Murmeliusza na tle leksykografii polskiej XVI wieku" (PDF). Rocznik Wieluński (in Polish). 1: 7–16. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-06-24. Retrieved 2021-06-16.
  7. Skoczylas-Stawska, Honorata (2001). "Cechy dialektalne w języku Hieronima z Wielunia – Spiczyńskiego" (PDF). Rocznik Wieluński. 1: 17–34. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-06-28. Retrieved 2021-06-16.
  8. Gladney, Frank Y. (1982). "The New Polish Dictionary". Dictionaries: Journal of the Dictionary Society of North America. 4 (1): 169–200. doi:10.1353/dic.1982.0012. ISSN 2160-5076. S2CID 61090214. Archived from the original on 2018-06-01. Retrieved 2021-06-14.
  9. Adamska-Sałaciak, Arleta (2001-01-01). "Linde's Dictionary: A landmark in Polish lexicography". Historiographia Linguistica. 28 (1–2): 65–83. doi:10.1075/hl.28.1.06ada. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2021-06-14.
  10. "Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861". SŁOWNIKI DAWNE I WSPÓŁCZESNE. www.leksykografia.uw.edu.pl. Archived from the original on 2021-06-24. Retrieved 2021-06-16.
  11. "Słownik języka polskiego, Warszawa 1900–1927". SŁOWNIKI DAWNE I WSPÓŁCZESNE www.leksykografia.uw.edu.pl. Archived from the original on 2021-05-01. Retrieved 2021-06-16.
  12. "Słownik języka polskiego, Warszawa 1958–1969". SŁOWNIKI DAWNE I WSPÓŁCZESNE. www.leksykografia.uw.edu.pl. Archived from the original on 2020-02-11. Retrieved 2021-06-16.
  13. "Praktyczny słownik współczesnej polszczyzny, Poznań 1994–2005". SŁOWNIKI DAWNE I WSPÓŁCZESNE. www.leksykografia.uw.edu.pl. Archived from the original on 2021-03-04. Retrieved 2021-06-14.
  14. "Słowniki elektroniczne – nowa jakość w polskiej leksykografii". Prace Filologiczne (in Polish). 64 (1): 139–146. 2013. ISSN 0138-0567. Archived from the original on 2021-06-14. Retrieved 2021-06-14.
  15. Andrejewicz, Urszula; Sienicki, Tomasz (2010). "Wikisłownik – pierwszy naprawdę uniwersalny słownik polski?". Prace Językoznawcze (in Polish) (12): 5–19. ISSN 1509-5304. Archived from the original on 2021-06-14. Retrieved 2021-06-14.
  16. "Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Kraków 2007". SŁOWNIKI DAWNE I WSPÓŁCZESNE. www.leksykografia.uw.edu.pl. Archived from the original on 2020-02-11. Retrieved 2021-06-14.
  17. Piwakowska, Julia (2013-09-09). "Hungaryzmy w "Słowniku języka polskiego" Aleksandra Brücknera- analiza krytyczna". Archived from the original on 2021-06-14. Retrieved 2021-06-14. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  18. Orman, Elżbieta (2020). "Eighty-Five Years of the Polish Biographical Dictionary at 17 Sławkowska St., Cracow". Acta Poloniae Historica. 121: 201. doi:10.12775/APH.2020.121.10. ISSN 0001-6829. Archived from the original on 2021-06-14. Retrieved 2021-06-14.

Further reading
  • Piotr Grzegorczyk (1967). Index Lexicorum Poloniae: bibliografia słowników polskich (in Polish). Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
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