S series (Toronto subway)

The S series was the rolling stock of light metro used on Line 3 Scarborough, part of the subway system of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. They were built from 1983 to 1986 for the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) by the Urban Transportation Development Corporation (UTDC) in Millhaven, Ontario. The trains use UTDC's proprietary linear motor-based Intermediate Capacity Transit System (ICTS, now branded as Bombardier Innovia Metro) and are its Mark I model, which is also used by the Vancouver SkyTrain and the Detroit People Mover. They consist of 14 married pair sets (28 cars total) with fleet numbers 3000 to 3027, and are not compatible with the trains on other Toronto lines, which use conventional motors.

S series
An S1 train in its original livery
Interior of an S-series train after refurbishment
In service	1985–2023[1]
Manufacturer	Urban Transportation Development Corporation
Family name	ICTS
Constructed	1983–1986[2]
Refurbished	2015–2016
Number built	28
Formation	4-car trains (2 sets of semi-permanently mated pairs)
Fleet numbers	3000–3027[2] 2 un-numbered test cars used for testing by UTDC
Capacity	30 seated, 55 standing[2]
Operator(s)	Toronto Transit Commission
Depot(s)	McCowan Yard
Line(s) served	Line 3 Scarborough
Specifications
Car body construction	Aluminum
Car length	12.70 m (41 ft 8 in)
Width	2.49 m (8 ft 2 in)
Doors	4 sets (2 sets per side) per car
Maximum speed	70 km/h (43 mph)
Weight	15,440 kg (34,050 lb)
Traction system	GTO-VVVF (UTDC)
Traction motors	3-phase AC linear induction motor
Power output	89.5 kW (120 hp)
Electric system(s)	600 V DC
Current collector(s)	Linear induction
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge

Test runs took place in 1984 and full service began in 1985. When the line opened, 12 sets operated individually as two-car units. In 1986, two more sets were added, allowing sets to be coupled to form four-car units as ridership grew. All trains operated automatically without human intervention. Although they were capable of unmanned operations, as in Vancouver and Detroit, the TTC opted to use one-person train operation on all Line 3 trains.

After the retirement of the remaining H-series trains in 2014, the S-series trains were the oldest in operation on the entire subway system until their retirement in 2023. They were also the only TTC rapid transit trains with a painted livery since the G series, consisting of a unique lowercase "rt" logo, referring to the line's original name of "Scarborough RT". Starting in 2015, the cars underwent refurbishment, which included the addition of blue shrink wrap on their exterior to prolong their lifespan until the line's closure in 2023.[1]