SOAT1

Sterol O-acyltransferase (acyl-Coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase) 1, also known as SOAT1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SOAT1 gene.[5]

SOAT1
Identifiers
AliasesSOAT1, ACACT, ACAT, ACAT-1, ACAT1, SOAT, STAT, sterol O-acyltransferase 1
External IDsOMIM: 102642 MGI: 104665 HomoloGene: 2333 GeneCards: SOAT1
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

6646

20652

Ensembl

ENSG00000057252

ENSMUSG00000026600

UniProt

P35610

Q61263

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001252511
NM_001252512
NM_003101

NM_009230

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001239440
NP_001239441
NP_003092

NP_033256

Location (UCSC)Chr 1: 179.29 – 179.36 MbChr 1: 156.25 – 156.3 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Function

Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.26) is an intracellular protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum that forms cholesterol esters from cholesterol. Accumulation of cholesterol esters as cytoplasmic lipid droplets within macrophages and smooth muscle cells is a characteristic feature of the early stages of atherosclerotic plaques (Cadigan et al., 1988).[5]

Structure and biogenesis

SOAT1 is a polytopic integral membrane protein belonging to the membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) superfamily. The structure of SOAT1 has not yet been solved but that of DltB, a bacterial MBOAT, suggests a complex arrangement of multiple transmembrane domains (TMDs).[6] Primary sequences of predicted SOAT1 TMDs indicate many unusual TMD features such as the presence of multiple charged residues within the lipid bilayer.[7] These features can render challenging the integration of a TMD into the hydrophobic phase of the membrane and might therefore require specialised chaperones. A first hint of such a chaperone assisting SOAT1 biogenesis has been the recognition of the involvement of the ER membrane protein complex (EMC), a molecular chaperone and insertase for integral membrane proteins, in maintaining SOAT1 stability.[8]

Interactive pathway map

Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles. [§ 1]

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Statin_Pathway_WP430
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Statin Pathway edit
  1. The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "Statin_Pathway_WP430".

See also


References

  1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000057252 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000026600 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. "Entrez Gene: SOAT1 sterol O-acyltransferase (acyl-Coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase) 1".
  6. Ma D, Wang Z, Merrikh CN, Lang KS, Lu P, Li X, Merrikh H, Rao Z, Xu W (October 2018). "Crystal structure of a membrane-bound O-acyltransferase". Nature. 562 (7726): 286–290. Bibcode:2018Natur.562..286M. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0568-2. PMC 6529733. PMID 30283133.
  7. Lin S, Cheng D, Liu MS, Chen J, Chang TY (August 1999). "Human acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase-1 in the endoplasmic reticulum contains seven transmembrane domains". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (33): 23276–85. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.33.23276. PMID 10438503.
  8. Volkmar N, Thezenas ML, Louie SM, Juszkiewicz S, Nomura DK, Hegde RS, Kessler BM, Christianson JC (January 2019). "The ER membrane protein complex promotes biogenesis of sterol-related enzymes maintaining cholesterol homeostasis". Journal of Cell Science. 132 (2): jcs223453. doi:10.1242/jcs.223453. PMC 6362398. PMID 30578317.

Further reading


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