SPINA-GR

SPINA-GR
SPINA-GR
Calculator	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7479856
Purpose	Medical diagnosis, research
Test of	Insulin sensitivity

SPINA-GR is a calculated biomarker for insulin sensitivity.[1][lower-alpha 1] It represents insulin receptor gain.

How to determine G_R

The index is derived from a mathematical model of insulin-glucose homeostasis.[2] For diagnostic purposes, it is calculated from fasting insulin and glucose concentrations with:

${\widehat {G}}_{R}={\frac {{G}_{1}P(\infty )({D}_{R}+\left[I\right](\infty ))}{{G}_{E}\left[I\right](\infty )[G](\infty )}}-{\frac {{D}_{R}}{{G}_{E}[I](\infty )}}-{\frac {1}{{G}_{E}}}$ .[1]

[I](∞): Fasting Insulin plasma concentration (μU/mL)
[G](∞): Fasting blood glucose concentration (mg/dL)
G₁: Parameter for pharmacokinetics (154.93 s/L)
D_R: EC₅₀ of insulin at its receptor (1,6 nmol/L)
G_E: Effector gain (50 s/moL)
P(∞): Constitutive endogenous glucose production (150 µmol/s)

Clinical significance

Validity

Compared to healthy volunteers, SPINA-GR is significantly reduced in persons with prediabetes and diabetes mellitus, and it correlates with the M value in glucose clamp studies, triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold and (better than HOMA-IR and QUICKI) with the two-hour value in oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT), glucose rise in OGTT, waist-to-hip ratio, body fat content (measured via DXA) and the HbA1c fraction.[1]

Pathophysiological implications

In lean subjects it is significantly higher than in a population with obese persons.[1]

Notes

SPINA is an acronym for "structure parameter inference approach".

References

Dietrich, JW; Dasgupta, R; Anoop, S; Jebasingh, F; Kurian, ME; Inbakumari, M; Boehm, BO; Thomas, N (21 October 2022). "SPINA Carb: a simple mathematical model supporting fast in-vivo estimation of insulin sensitivity and beta cell function". Scientific Reports. 12 (1): 17659. Bibcode:2022NatSR..1217659D. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-22531-3. PMC 9587026. PMID 36271244.
Dietrich, Johannes W.; Böhm, Bernhard (27 August 2015). "Die MiMe-NoCoDI-Plattform: Ein Ansatz für die Modellierung biologischer Regelkreise". GMDS 2015; 60. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Medizinische Informatik: Biometrie und Epidemiologie e.V. (GMDS). doi:10.3205/15gmds058.

External links

Functions for R and S for calculating SPINA-GBeta and SPINA-GR. (Permanent DOI)

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[2] SPINA is an acronym for "structure parameter inference approach".

[Dietrich_et_al_2022-1] Dietrich, JW; Dasgupta, R; Anoop, S; Jebasingh, F; Kurian, ME; Inbakumari, M; Boehm, BO; Thomas, N (21 October 2022). "SPINA Carb: a simple mathematical model supporting fast in-vivo estimation of insulin sensitivity and beta cell function". Scientific Reports. 12 (1): 17659. Bibcode:2022NatSR..1217659D. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-22531-3. PMC 9587026. PMID 36271244.

[3] Dietrich, Johannes W.; Böhm, Bernhard (27 August 2015). "Die MiMe-NoCoDI-Plattform: Ein Ansatz für die Modellierung biologischer Regelkreise". GMDS 2015; 60. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Medizinische Informatik: Biometrie und Epidemiologie e.V. (GMDS). doi:10.3205/15gmds058.