SS Coast Farmer

Coast Farmer, gaining the name in 1937 and previously bearing the names Point Arena (1928) and Riverside Bridge (1920), was a U.S. Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation Design 1023 ship ordered under the name Minnewawa and built as hull #103 by Submarine Boat Company, Newark, New Jersey in 1920[1][2] Coast Farmer is noted as being a part of the Pensacola Convoy landing the supplies and troops intended for the Philippines in Darwin, Australia after being diverted on the news of the attack on Pearl Harbor. The ship became even more notable being the first of only three ships successfully running the Japanese blockade into the Philippines; leaving Brisbane February[Note 1] 1942.[6][Note 2] Coast Farmer was torpedoed and sunk off Jervis Bay, New South Wales on 20 July 1942.[5][7]

Coast Farmer Australian War Memorial photograph captioned "Starboard side view of the American transport Coast Farmer which brought U.S. troops to Australia as part of the Pensacola Convoy in 1941-12. She was torpedoed and sunk by a Japanese submarine 15 miles off Jervis Bay on 1942-07-20. (Naval Historical Collection)"
History
United States
Name
  • Riverside Bridge (1920–1928)
  • Point Arena (1928–1937)
  • Coast Farmer (1937—1942)
BuilderSubmarine Boat Company, Newark[1][2]
Yard number103
Launched7 January 1920[3]
IdentificationON 219585[4]
FateSunk, 20 July 1942[5]
General characteristics
TypeEFC Design 1023
Tonnage3,290 GRT[1][4]
Length324 ft (99 m)[1][4]
Beam46.2 ft (14.1 m)[4]
Draught25 ft (7.6 m)[1][4]
Installed power386NHP[4]
Propulsiongeared steam turbine[1][4]
Speed10.5 knots (19.4 km/h; 12.1 mph)

Commercial to World War II Service

The Gulf-Pacific Line operated the ship as Point Arena from 1928 to 1937.[8][Note 3] The ship was acquired and operated as Coast Farmer by the Coastwise Line, a coastal line associated with Pacific Far East Lines, until taken for war time service by the War Shipping Administration on 22 December 1941, the date the Pensacola Convoy reached Brisbane Australia.[9][Note 4]

Pensacola Convoy

Coast Farmer was one of three merchant cargo ships in the convoy and largely carried civilian supplies for the shops of Guam and Manila.[10] After arrival the Coast Farmer along with Meigs and the Admiral Halstead were retained by United States Forces in Australia (USFIA) for operations in Australia.[11]

Australia-Philippine Operations

Coast Farmer was provided a gun crew from the 453d Ordnance Company, loaded with military supplies including 2,500 tons of rations and departed Brisbane February 10, 1942[Note 5] for the Philippines where the ship delivered its cargo at Anakan, Mindanao, on 17 February.[10][12][13] The supplies were offloaded to the Filipino coasters Lepus and Elcano who then departed for Manila.[14] The Coast Farmer was then loaded for the return trip with tin and baled rubber brought from Cebu City by the Filipino coasters Agustina, Cegostina, and Emilia.[15] On departure a member of the gun crew sent ashore to repair machine guns did not return in time and was left behind.[10]

John A. Matson, master of Coast Farmer on this operation, was later awarded the Army's Distinguished Service Medal and the Merchant Marine Distinguished Service Medal.[16] Coast Farmer became one of only three ships, the others being Dona Nati and The China Navigation Company's Anhui, to successfully break the Japanese blockade.[6] The supplies brought by the Coast Farmer were destroyed in transshipment when the smaller ships trying to reach Corregidor were sunk by gunfire from Japanese naval forces off Mindanao.[13]

On her return she was one of seven vessels in the USFIA Army fleet and one of three assigned indefinitely. Subsequently, General MacArthur received confirmation the vessel was under War Shipping Administration charter for his use without restriction.[17] The Coast Farmer was engaged in supporting the war effort in coastwise shipping when the Japanese submarine I-11[18] torpedoed and sank her off Jervis Bay, New South Wales, Australia, on 20 July 1942.[Note 6] 1942.[5] One crew member was lost.[19][20] The ship was hit amidships at about 2 a.m. and sank within twenty minutes with the submarine surfacing and examining the ship's lifeboats by searchlight before departing the area.[20]

See also

Notes
  1. References, including cited official histories, have differing days of departure in February.
  2. Charles Dana Gibson notes the food supplies, transshipped from Mindanao aboard two Filipino coasters, with only the Elcano making Corregidor, were largely spoiled and "canned goods had lost their labels rendering their contents a mystery" to the recipients.
  3. Lloyd's registers for those years shows "Gulf Pacific Mail Line" and "Swayne & Hoyt, Ltd., the operator of GPML ships.
  4. The Vessel Data Card indicates with TCA a Transportation Corps agreement, thus the effective date upon which the ship entered the Southwest Pacific Area's local fleet.
  5. Masterson's work was the official Transportation Corps study undertaken under Chief, Military History, and is cited in the subsequent official histories as an authoritative source using primary materials. The 10 February date is also found in other references, though they may actually be based on Masterson.
  6. Australian and U.S. sources give 20 July date, I-11 page and Australian naval historian Gill give 0200 on 21 July, probably difference in time kept by sources in this area.

References
  1. McKellar.
  2. Colton 2012.
  3. The Marine Review 1921, p. 99.
  4. Lloyd's Register (1937–1938): Coast Farmer.
  5. Miles.
  6. Morton 1993, pp. 393–397.
  7. Submarine Boat Corporation (November 15, 1923). "Submarine Boat Company Steamers". Speed Up. Vol. 6, no. 11. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
  8. Lloyd's Register (1930–1931): Point Arena.
  9. Maritime Administration.
  10. Mayo 1968, pp. 35–38.
  11. Masterson 1949, p. 8.
  12. Masterson 1949, p. 27.
  13. Stauffer 1990, pp. 20–23.
  14. Gibson, Charles Dana; Gibson, E. Kay (2002). Overseas - U.S. Army Maritime Operations, 1898 Through the Fall of the Philippines. Ensign Press. pp. 248–249. ISBN 978-0960899661.
  15. Gibson, p. 248
  16. Gibson & Gibson 2008.
  17. Masterson 1949, p. 329.
  18. Hackett & Kingsepp 2012.
  19. American Merchant Marine at War.
  20. Gill 1968, p. 158.

References cited
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