Sa'd al-Dawla Tus

Sa'd al-Dawla Tus (Persian: سعدالدوله توس) was the Baduspanid ruler (ustandar) of Rustamdar from 1390 to 1394. He was a son of ustandar Taj al-Dawla Ziyar (r. 1325–1333).[1]

The Baduspanids had been temporarily removed from power after their ruler Adud al-Dawla Qubad (r. 1379–1381) was defeated and killed in 1381 by the Mar'ashis, who incorporated Rustamdar into their own domains, thus extending their sway over all of Mazandaran.[1][2] Rulership over Rustamdar was assigned to the Mar'ashi prince Sayyid Fakhr al-Din.[2]

In 1390, the Mar'ashis installed Tus on the Baduspanid throne to challenge the Afrasiyabid prince Iskandar-i Shaykhi who accompanied the Turco-Mongol ruler Timur (r. 1370–1405), who intended to conquer Mazandaran. However, Tus secretly corresponded with Iskandar-i Shaykhi, and eventually joined the forces of Timur in 1392. The following year (1393), Timur dislodged the Mar'ashis and conquered Mazandaran.[3] He split up their territories between rival families and Timurid governors.[4]

Tus managed to convince Timur to spare the Mar'ashi family; they were deported instead, while Iskandar-i Shaykhi was appointed governor of Mazandaran.[1][3] In 1394, Tus was killed by his nephew Iskandar ibn Gustahm ibn Ziyar. It remains uncertain whether Iskandar succeeded him as ustandar or not. According to the 15th-century historian Zahir al-Din Mar'ashi, Kayumarth succeeded him, but the modern historian Wilferd Madelung doubts this, stating that Kayumarth "must have been too young at this time."[1]

References
  1. Madelung 1988, pp. 385–391.
  2. Calmard 1991, pp. 511–512.
  3. Bosworth 1984, pp. 742–743.
  4. Manz 2007, p. 137.

Sources
  • Bosworth, C. E. (1984). "Āl-e Afrāsīāb". Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, Vol. I, Fasc. 7. New York. pp. 742–743.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Calmard, J (1991). "Marʿas̲h̲is". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Volume VI: Mahk–Mid (2nd ed.). Leiden: E. J. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-08112-3.
  • Madelung, Wilferd (1988). "Baduspanids". Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, Vol. III, Fasc. 4. New York. pp. 385–391.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Manz, Beatrice Forbes (2007). Power, Politics and Religion in Timurid Iran. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-46284-6.
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