Sachindra Nath Sanyal

Sachindra Nath Sanyal pronunciationⓘ (3 April 1890 — 7 February 1942) was an Indian revolutionary and co-founder of the Hindustan Republican Army (HRA, which after 1928 became the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association) that was created to carry out armed resistance against the British Empire in India. He was a mentor for revolutionaries like Chandra Shekhar Azad, Jatindra Nath Das, and Bhagat Singh.

Sachindra Nath Sanyal
Sachindra Nath Sanyal
Born(1890-04-03)3 April 1890
Benares, Benares State, British India
Died7 February 1942(1942-02-07) (aged 51)
Gorakhpur, United Provinces, British India
OccupationRevolutionary
Organization(s)Anushilan Samiti, Ghadar Party, Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
Notable workA Life of Captivity (Bandi Jeevan)
MovementIndian revolutionary movement
Criminal penaltyCapital punishment
Criminal statusJailed
Anushilan Samiti
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Anushilan Samiti
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Notable events
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Early and personal life

Sachindra Nath Sanyal's parents were Bengali Brahmins.[1] His father was Hari Nath Sanyal and his mother was Kherod Vasini Devi. He was born in Benares, then in North-Western Provinces, on 3 April 1890 and married Pratibha Sanyal, with whom he had one son. Economist Sanjeev Sanyal is his grand nephew.[2]

Revolutionary career

Sanyal founded a branch of the Anushilan Samiti in Patna in 1913.[3] In 1912 Delhi Conspiracy Trial Sanyal with Rashbehari Bose attacked the then Viceroy Hardinge while he was making entry into new capital of Delhi after annulment of Bengal Partition. Hardinge was injured but lady Hardinge was unscathed.

He was extensively involved in the plans for the Ghadar conspiracy, and went underground after it was exposed in February 1915. He was a close associate of Rash Behari Bose.[4] After Bose escaped to Japan, Sanyal was considered the most senior leader of India's revolutionary movement.

Sanyal was sentenced to life - term imprisonment for his involvement in the conspiracy[3] and was imprisoned at Cellular Jail in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, where he wrote his book titled Bandi Jeevan (A Life of Captivity, 1922).[1][5] He was briefly released from jail but when he continued to engage in anti-British activities, he was sent back and his ancestral family home in Benaras was confiscated.

Following the end of the Non-cooperation movement in 1922,[1] Sanyal, Ram Prasad Bismil and some other revolutionaries who wanted an independent India and were prepared to use force to achieve their goal, founded the Hindustan Republican Association in October 1924.[6] He was the author of the HRA manifesto, titled The Revolutionary, that was distributed in large cities of North India on 1 January 1925.[7]

Sanyal was jailed for his involvement in the Kakori conspiracy but was among those conspirators released from Naini Central Prison in August 1937.[8] Thus, Sanyal has the unique distinction of having been sent to the Cellular Jail in Port Blair twice. He contracted tuberculosis in jail and was sent to Gorakhpur Jail for his final months. He died on 7 February 1942.

Beliefs

Sanyal and Mahatma Gandhi engaged in a famous debate published in Young India between 1920 and 1924. Sanyal argued against Gandhi's gradualist approach.

Sanyal was known for his firm Hindu beliefs, although most of his followers were Marxists and thus opposed to religions. Bhagat Singh discusses Sanyal's beliefs in his tract Why I am an Atheist. Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee was a close associate of Sanyal. He was also supplied with guns by Maulana Shaukat Ali, who was at that time a supporter of Congress and its non-violent methods but not with the same fervor for non-violence that was expressed by his organization's leader, Gandhi. Another prominent Congressman, Krishna Kant Malaviya, also supplied him with weapons.[9]

Death

Sanyal participated in anti-British programs, which resulted in a second prison term and government seizure of his Benares property. He died of tuberculosis while serving his second term in prison on 7 February 1942.

References
  1. Govind, Nikhil (2014). Between Love and Freedom: The Revolutionary in the Hindi Novel (Revised ed.). Routledge. p. 54. ISBN 978-1-31755-976-4.
  2. https://twitter.com/sanjeevsanyal/status/1286303893530406917
  3. Alam, Jawaid (2004). Government and Politics in Colonial Bihar, 1921-1937. Mittal Publications. p. 43. ISBN 978-8-17099-979-9.
  4. Gupta, Amit Kumar (September–October 1997). "Defying Death: Nationalist Revolutionism in India, 1897-1938". Social Scientist. 25 (9/10): 3–27. doi:10.2307/3517678. JSTOR 3517678.
  5. Singh, Bhagat; Hooja, Bhupendra (2007). Lāla, Camana (ed.). The Jail Notebook and Other Writings (Reprinted ed.). LeftWord Books. p. 14. ISBN 978-8-18749-672-4.
  6. Chopra, P. N. (2003). A Comprehensive History of India. Vol. 3. Sterling Publishers. p. 245. ISBN 978-8-12072-506-5.
  7. Balinisteanu, Tudor (2012). Violence, Narrative and Myth in Joyce and Yeats: Subjective Identity and Anarcho-Syndicalist Traditions. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 60. ISBN 978-0-23029-095-2.
  8. Menon, Visalakshi (2003). From Movement To Government: The Congress in the United Provinces, 1937-42. SAGE Publications India. pp. 82, 135. ISBN 978-8-13210-368-4.
  9. Mittal, S. K.; Habib, Irfan (June 1982). "The Congress and the Revolutionaries in the 1920s". Social Scientist. 10 (6): 20–37. doi:10.2307/3517065. JSTOR 3517065. (subscription required)
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