SAFE Port Act
The Security and Accountability For Every Port Act of 2006 (or SAFE Port Act, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 109–347 (text) (PDF)[1]) was an Act of Congress in the United States covering port security and to which an online gambling measure was added at the last moment. The House and Senate passed the conference report on September 30, 2006, and President Bush signed the Act into law on October 13, 2006.[2][3]
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| Other short titles |
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|---|---|
| Long title | An Act to improve maritime and cargo security through enhanced layered defenses, and for other purposes. |
| Acronyms (colloquial) | SPA |
| Nicknames | Security and Accountability For Every Port Act of 2006 |
| Enacted by | the 109th United States Congress |
| Effective | October 13, 2006 |
| Citations | |
| Public law | 109-347 |
| Statutes at Large | 120 Stat. 1884 |
| Codification | |
| Titles amended | |
| U.S.C. sections created | 6 U.S.C. ch. 3 § 901 et seq. |
| U.S.C. sections amended | 46 U.S.C. ch. 701, subch. I § 70101 et seq. |
| Legislative history | |
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Port security provisions
The port security provisions were one of 20 bills introduced to Congress in the wake of the Dubai Ports World controversy that aimed to block Dubai Ports World acquiring P&O Ports, and more generally to stop key US ports falling into the hands of foreign owners by changing the Exon–Florio Amendment.[4] The act codified into law a number of programs to improve security of U.S. ports, such as:
- Additional requirements for maritime facilities
- Creation of the Transportation Worker Identification Credential
- Establishment of Interagency Operations Centers for port security
- Port Security Grant Program
- Container Security Initiative
- Foreign port assessments
- Customs Trade Partnership against Terrorism
In addition, the Act created the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office within the Department of Homeland Security and appropriated funds toward the Integrated Deepwater System Program, a long-term U.S. Coast Guard modernization program.[5]
Internet gambling provisions
Title VIII of the Act is also known as the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006 (or UIGEA). This title (found at 31 U.S.C. §§ 5361–5367) "prohibits gambling businesses from knowingly accepting payments in connection with the participation of another person in a bet or wager that involves the use of the Internet and that is unlawful under any federal or state law."[6] The Economist noted that the UIGEA provisions were "hastily tacked onto the end of unrelated legislation".[7]
See also
References
- Text of the SAFE Port Act, via House.gov
- Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T. "George W. Bush: "Remarks on Signing the Security and Accountability For Every Port Act of 2006," October 13, 2006". The American Presidency Project. University of California - Santa Barbara.
- Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T. "George W. Bush: "Statement on Signing the Security and Accountability For Every Port Act of 2006," October 13, 2006". The American Presidency Project. University of California - Santa Barbara.
- Edward Montgomery Graham, David Matthew Marchick (2006). US national security and foreign direct investment. Peterson Institute. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-88132-391-7.
- Congressional Budget Office analysis of H.R. 4954, prepared April 28, 2006
- "Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act" (PDF). Examination Handbook Section 770. U.S. Treasury Department. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 1, 2010. Retrieved January 7, 2011.
- "Poker face off". The Economist. April 23, 2011. p. 68.
External links
- SAFE Port Act (PDF/details) as amended in the GPO Statute Compilations collection
- SAFE Port Act as enacted in the US Statutes at Large