Saint Louis University

Saint Louis University traces its origins to the Saint Louis Academy, founded on November 16, 1818, by the Most Reverend Louis William Valentine DuBourg, Bishop of Louisiana and the Floridas, and placed under the charge of the Reverend François Niel and others of the secular clergy attached to the Saint Louis Cathedral. Its first location was in a private residence near the Mississippi River in an area now occupied by the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial within the Archdiocese of St. Louis.

Already having a two-story building for the 65 students using Bishop Dubourg's personal library of 8,000 volumes for its printed materials, the name Saint Louis Academy was changed in 1820 to Saint Louis College (while the secondary school division remained Saint Louis Academy, now known as St. Louis University High School). In 1827 Bishop Dubourg placed Saint Louis College in the care of the Society of Jesus. Not long after that, it received its charter as a university by act of the Missouri Legislature.[7]

The university at its Washington and Ninth location

In 1829, the new university moved its campus to Washington Avenue and Ninth, today the site of America's Center. At this time, the founders forced enslaved Black Americans from their St. Stanislaus Seminary in Hazelwood to labor at the university.[12] Many had previously been separated from their families enslaved at White Marsh Plantation.[13][14]

In 1852 the university and its teaching priests were the subject of an anti-Catholic novel, The Mysteries of St. Louis, which was written by newspaper editor Henry Boernstein. Boernstein's popular newspaper, Anzeiger des Westens, routinely criticized the university.[15]

In 1867, after the American Civil War, the university purchased "Lindell's Grove", in what is now Midtown. The university subsequently moved to this new location, which is the current site of today's north campus.[16] Lindell's Grove was the site of the Camp Jackson Affair, which had occurred only a few years prior to the university's purchase.

The first building on campus, DuBourg Hall, began construction in 1888, and the college officially moved to its new location in 1889. Construction of the new St. Francis Xavier College Church began on 8 June 1884. The basement of the church was completed later that year and was the location for liturgical functions until the upper church was subsequently completed in 1898.[17]

DuBourg Hall, the oldest building on SLU's campus, and St. Francis Xavier College Church in 1909

During the early 1940s, many local priests, especially the Jesuits, began to challenge the segregationist policies at the city's Catholic colleges and parochial schools.[18] After the Pittsburgh Courier, an African-American newspaper, ran a 1944 exposé on St. Louis Archbishop John J. Glennon's interference with the admittance of a black student at the local Webster College,[19] Fr. Claude Heithaus, professor of Classical Archaeology at Saint Louis University, delivered an angry homily accusing his own institution of immoral behavior in its segregation policies.[20] By summer of 1944, Saint Louis University had opened its doors to African-Americans, after its president, Father Patrick Holloran, secured Glennon's reluctant approval .[21]

In 1967, Saint Louis University became one of the first Catholic universities to give laypeople more power over the affairs of the school. Board chairman Paul Reinert stepped aside to be replaced by layman Daniel Schlafly, and the board shifted to an 18 to 10 majority of laypeople.[22] This was largely because of Horace Mann vs. the Board of Public Works of Maryland, a landmark case heard by the Maryland Court of Appeals, which declared unconstitutional grants to "largely sectarian" colleges. The Second Vatican Council has also been mentioned as a major influence on this decision for its increased focus on the laity, as well as the decreased recruitment of nuns and priests since the council.[23]

From 1985 to 1992 the chairman of the Board of Trustees was William H. T. Bush (younger brother of former president George H. W. Bush). The younger Bush also taught classes at the school.[24]

Since the move to lay oversight, there has been some debate over how much influence the Roman Catholic Church should have on the affairs of the university. The decision by the university to sell its hospital to Tenet Healthcare in 1997 met much resistance by both local and national Church leaders but went ahead as planned.[25] In 2015, the Catholic SSM Health system assumed operation of Saint Louis University Hospital. Renovations were completed in 2020.[26] In 2022, Saint Louis University sold its medical practice, SLUCare, to the SSM Health System as well.[27]

As of 2023, 40 Jesuits teach, study and minister at SLU.[28]

In 2016, the institution revealed names and stories of Black Americans who had been enslaved by the university and its founders and who contributed to the cultivation and building of the institution. Direct descendants include Louis Chauvin and St. Louis Black Stockings player Sylvester Chauvin, whose burial site was marked by a headstone in 2022 through the Negro Leagues Baseball Grave Marker Project.[29] Contemporary descendants formed the organization Descendants of the Saint Louis University Enslaved and are petitioning for a physical monument on campus to acknowledge the history of their ancestors.[30]

DuBourg Hall, as it appears today

• 1818 – First institution of higher learning west of the Mississippi River[31]
• 1832 – First graduate programs west of the Mississippi River[31]
• 1836 – First medical school west of the Mississippi River[31]
• 1843 – First in the West to open a school of law[31]
• 1906 – First forward pass in football history[31]
• 1908 – First female students admitted[31]
• 1910 – First business school west of the Mississippi River[31]
• 1925 – First department of geophysics in the Western Hemisphere[31]
• 1927 – First federally licensed school of aviation[31]
• 1929 – First woman Ph.D. graduate, Mother Marie Kernaghan[31]
• 1944 – First university in Missouri to establish an official policy admitting African-American students, integrating its student body[32]
• 1949 – First co-ed classes, in the College of Arts and Sciences[31]
• 1955 – Marguerite Hall, first women's hall of residence, opens.[31]
• 1959 – First dual credit program in the nation, named the 1818 Project and now known as the 1818 Advanced College Credit Program[31]
• 1967 – First major Catholic university to give lay and clergy people combined legal responsibility for institutional policy on its board of trustees.[31]
• 1972 – First human heart transplant in the Midwest[31]
• 2013 – First Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree in aviation in the world awarded[3][31]

In 2022, Saint Louis University opened a new residence for Jesuits living and working on campus. The 25-bedroom apostolic center also has a chapel where student Masses are held and community meeting rooms. The building replaces Jesuit Hall, which had been home to Saint Louis University Jesuits since 1973. Retired Jesuits moved to a Delmar Gardens facility in north St. Louis County.[37]

In the fall of 2020, the university opened a new, 90,000-square-foot, three-story building featuring "innovative teaching environments and flexible lab spaces."[38] The building is home to bioinformatics, biology, biomedical engineering, chemistry, neuroscience and computer science courses that support all science, engineering, nursing and health science majors at SLU.

Saint Louis University School of Law, founded in 1843, is the oldest law school west of the Mississippi River.[39] Law students attend classes in Scott Hall, which is in downtown St. Louis. Scott Hall was bought and renovated by the university between 2012 and 2013, as the law school had outgrown its former site on SLU's midtown campus. The newly renovated building opened in 2013.[40]

In 2007, SLU completed a 10-story research center on its Medical Campus Building, a green building named for Edward Adelbert Doisy, Nobel laureate of 1943 and a long-time faculty member at SLU.[41] The building contains 80 labs that are used in the development of vaccines and in research initiatives studying cancer, liver disease, and other health conditions.[42] The building is home to the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.[41]

Chaifetz Arena, viewed from the air

The multi-purpose Chaifetz Arena, built in 2008, is a 10,600-seat stadium located on-campus. The arena also contains training facilities, locker rooms, and a practice facility that can house 1,000 spectators. It is on the eastern end of the north campus. The arena replaced Enterprise Center as the university's primary location for large events, notably commencement celebrations and varsity sports. The arena is named for alumnus Richard Chaifetz.[43][44]

Saint Louis has residence halls and student apartment space on campus.[45] As part of the university's First Year Experience (FYE) program, students are required to live on campus for their first four semesters at SLU, unless they are a commuter from the St. Louis metropolitan area.[46]

Located at the corner of Grand Boulevard and Lindell Boulevard is the university's official parish, St. Francis Xavier College Church.[47] Built between 1888 and 1894 by architect Thomas Walsh, who also designed DuBourg Hall, the church was the first English-speaking parish in the city of St. Louis.[47] The church has held a weekly Sunday Evening Student Mass for SLU students since 1990.[47]

Joseph G. Lipic Clock Tower Plaza

Built in 1993, Saint Louis University's clock tower closed off the campus from West Pine Avenue from Spring Street to Vandeventer Avenue. The surrounding plaza has become a center of campus life, host to social gatherings, demonstrations, and philanthropic events.

In 2011, the clock tower and the area around it were renamed for a prominent alumnus as the Joseph G. Lipic Clock Tower Plaza.[48] Additionally, on 25 October 2021, the amphitheater adjacent to the plaza was renamed in honor of Jonathan Smith, a former faculty member and administrator who had died earlier that year.[49]

In October 2014, the clocktower plaza became the focal point for a student-led demonstration known as OccupySLU.[50] Hundreds of students descended on the plaza to engage in teach-ins, peaceful protest, and conversation in the aftermath of the shooting of Michael Brown and the shooting of Vonderrit Myers Jr.[50] Students and community leaders peacefully occupied the plaza for six days.[50] During this time, newly-chosen university president Fred Pestello negotiated with demonstrators to end the occupation. These efforts culminated in the Clocktower Accords, in which Pestello promised to take concrete action to address the demands of demonstrators.[50][51]

Saint Louis University has three libraries in St. Louis, and one on its campus in Madrid, Spain: the Pius XII Memorial Library on the north campus, the Medical Center Library on south campus, the Vincent C. Immel Library at the law school in downtown St. Louis, and the library in San Ignacio Hall in Madrid.[52][53]

Pius XII Memorial Library is the general academic library. It houses over 2.2 million books and e-books, and has 48 study rooms for students to use.[53] Housed within Pius XII Memorial Library is the Knights of Columbus Vatican Film Library, which holds a unique collection of microfilm focusing on the manuscripts housed in the Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana.[54]

In 1964, SLU president Paul Reinert established the Saint Louis University Library Associates.[55] The Associates are a group of "civic-minded St. Louisans...dedicated to the growth of the university libraries."[55] Since 1967, the organization has presented the St. Louis Literary Award to a distinguished figure in literature. Notable recipients of the award include Salman Rushdie, E.L. Doctorow, and Joan Didion.[56]

The university also has three museums: the Museum of Contemporary Religious Art (MOCRA), the Saint Louis University Museum of Art (SLUMA), and the Samuel Cupples House.[57]

Saint Louis University's long research history includes the work of Edward Adelbert Doisy who discovered the lifesaving properties of vitamin K and is the namesake of the university's research center, as well as its college of health sciences. One of only nine Catholic universities with a “higher” or highest” research activity designation from the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, SLU's current research spans science, technology, law, and the humanities and is funded by the federal government, private foundations, and partnerships.[67] Already home to numerous research centers across its schools and colleges, the university in 2018 became home to the Saint Louis University Research Institute, established through a $50 million gift from Rex Sinquefield and his wife, Jeanne. The SLU Research Institute focuses on scientific and social challenges, including research on geospatial, water, health data, translational neuroscience, and global Catholicism, among other topics.[68]

Researchers partner with industry leaders and other academic institutions within St. Louis and around the world; recent partnerships include the founding of the Cortex innovation community and the Taylor Geospatial Institute.[69]

Saint Louis University has a residency requirement, 54% of students lived on campus in fall 2021. More than 60% of students at SLU in 2021 identified as female and 33% identified as Black, Hispanic, Asian, or two or more races.[74] According to the university's profile, 99% of first-time freshmen and 90% of all students receive aid with a $44,139 average aid award for freshmen in 2022–23. The university reports that 43% of students graduate without student loan debt. In the 2022–23 academic year, undergraduate tuition costs were $49,800, plus $844 in fees and $13,866 average room and board.

Saint Louis University has over 215 student organizations that cover a variety of interests, including student government, club sports, media and publishing, performing arts, and religion and volunteerism and service.[75] Students at SLU ranked third among the universities in the country in community engagement among U.S. universities in 2023, according to the Princeton Review.[76] The center also partners with dozens of community organizations to provide students with consistent volunteer opportunities.[77]

Saint Louis has more than a dozen fraternities and sororities on campus.[78][79]