Salima Abi Rashed

Salima Abi Rashed (1887–1919; Arabic: سليمة أبي راشد), was a Lebanese lawyer and journalist, considered the country's first female lawyer. She founded one of Lebanon's earliest women's magazines, Fatat Lobnan, in 1914.

Biography

Salima Abi Rashed was born in 1887.[1] Her family were Christians from the village of Wadi Shahrur in Lebanon's Baabda District.[2]

Abi Rashed is considered the first woman to become a lawyer in Lebanon.[1][3] She practiced in the courts of Baabda District.[3] She is also considered a pioneer among Lebanese women journalists.[3][4] In 1911, she was tasked with managing the newspaper al-Nasir, a daily political publication owned by her brother.[3] Then, in 1914, she founded a monthly magazine called Fatat Lobnan, meaning "The Woman of Lebanon," in Beirut.[3][5]

Considered one of the earliest women's magazines in the country, Fatat Lobnan covered both scientific and literary topics, and it advocated for an equal place for women in the workplace.[1][3] "A woman is capable of following a man's suit in the majority of life's tasks," Abi Rashed, who edited the magazine, wrote in the debut issue.[6][7] The magazine was part of an influential wave of women's publications across the region in this period.[5] It was discontinued after an eight-month run due to the onset of World War I.[1][3]

In her work, Abi Rashed also emphasized the importance of women's education, connecting women's liberation with the aim of bringing the nation into the modern era, and viewing women as key players in Lebanon's future.[6][8][9] However, she and her contemporaries "sought not merely to imitate Western women but to define an autonomous, 'Eastern' vision of modern womanhood," the scholar Charlotte Weber writes.[10]

While managing her publication in Lebanon, Abi Rashed also lived for a period in Egypt, where she worked as a teacher.[11] She died in 1919, while she was only in her early thirties.[1][12] After her death, she was memorialized in the publication Fatat al-Sharq as "an exemplar for women in gravity, pleasantness, well-considered opinions, and fine principles," an "excellent literary woman."[12]

References

"Salma (Salima) Abi Rashed: The first woman lawyer". The History of the Women's Movement in Lebanon. Retrieved 2021-07-20.
Abisaab, Malek (2010-02-26). Militant Women of a Fragile Nation. Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0-8156-5064-5.
"Salma (Salima) Abi Rashed: The first woman lawyer". Civil Society Knowledge Centre. 2019-05-20. Retrieved 2021-07-20.
Khairallah, K.T. (1912). La Syrie (in French). Paris: Ernest Leroux.
Fahrenthold, Stacy D. (2019-02-18). Between the Ottomans and the Entente: The First World War in the Syrian and Lebanese Diaspora, 1908-1925. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-087214-4.
Taan, Yasmine Nachabe (2020-11-26). Reading Marie al-Khazen's Photographs: Gender, Photography, Mandate Lebanon. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-350-11157-8.
Khater, Akram Fouad (2001-10-30). Inventing Home: Emigration, Gender, and the Middle Class in Lebanon, 1870-1920. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-93568-6.
Nachabe, Yasmine (2012-11-29). "Refracted Gazes: A Woman Photographer during Mandate Lebanon". Altre Modernità (8): 167–173. doi:10.13130/2035-7680/2582. ISSN 2035-7680.
Thompson, Elizabeth (2000). Colonial Citizens: Republican Rights, Paternal Privilege, and Gender in French Syria and Lebanon. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-10660-3.
Weber, Charlotte (2006). "Middle Eastern Modernities: Women, Gender, and Nation in Lebanon and Palestine". Journal of Women's History. 18 (1): 203–211. doi:10.1353/jowh.2006.0027. ISSN 1527-2036. S2CID 143761055.
Beshara, Adel (2012-04-27). The Origins of Syrian Nationhood: Histories, Pioneers and Identity. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-136-72450-3.
Booth, Marilyn; Booth, Iraq Chair in Arabic and Islamic Studies Marilyn (2001-07-30). May Her Likes Be Multiplied: Biography and Gender Politics in Egypt. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-22420-9.

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[:0-1] "Salma (Salima) Abi Rashed: The first woman lawyer". The History of the Women's Movement in Lebanon. Retrieved 2021-07-20.

[2] Abisaab, Malek (2010-02-26). Militant Women of a Fragile Nation. Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0-8156-5064-5.

[:1-3] "Salma (Salima) Abi Rashed: The first woman lawyer". Civil Society Knowledge Centre. 2019-05-20. Retrieved 2021-07-20.

[4] Khairallah, K.T. (1912). La Syrie (in French). Paris: Ernest Leroux.

[:2-5] Fahrenthold, Stacy D. (2019-02-18). Between the Ottomans and the Entente: The First World War in the Syrian and Lebanese Diaspora, 1908-1925. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-087214-4.

[:3-6] Taan, Yasmine Nachabe (2020-11-26). Reading Marie al-Khazen's Photographs: Gender, Photography, Mandate Lebanon. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-350-11157-8.

[7] Khater, Akram Fouad (2001-10-30). Inventing Home: Emigration, Gender, and the Middle Class in Lebanon, 1870-1920. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-93568-6.

[8] Nachabe, Yasmine (2012-11-29). "Refracted Gazes: A Woman Photographer during Mandate Lebanon". Altre Modernità (8): 167–173. doi:10.13130/2035-7680/2582. ISSN 2035-7680.

[9] Thompson, Elizabeth (2000). Colonial Citizens: Republican Rights, Paternal Privilege, and Gender in French Syria and Lebanon. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-10660-3.

[10] Weber, Charlotte (2006). "Middle Eastern Modernities: Women, Gender, and Nation in Lebanon and Palestine". Journal of Women's History. 18 (1): 203–211. doi:10.1353/jowh.2006.0027. ISSN 1527-2036. S2CID 143761055.

[11] Beshara, Adel (2012-04-27). The Origins of Syrian Nationhood: Histories, Pioneers and Identity. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-136-72450-3.

[:4-12] Booth, Marilyn; Booth, Iraq Chair in Arabic and Islamic Studies Marilyn (2001-07-30). May Her Likes Be Multiplied: Biography and Gender Politics in Egypt. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-22420-9.