Samoyeds

The Samoyedic people (also Samodeic people)[1] are a group of closely related peoples who speak Samoyedic languages, which are part of the Uralic family. They are a linguistic, ethnic, and cultural grouping. The name derives from the obsolete term Samoyed (meaning "self-eater" in Russian) used in Russia for some Indigenous people of Siberia.[2][3]

For other uses, see Samoyed (disambiguation).
Geographical distribution of Samoyedic-speaking peoples in the 17th and 20th centuries

Peoples

Contemporary
People Group Language Numbers[4] Most important territory Other traditional territories
Nenets Northern Samoyeds Nenets 45,000 Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District

 Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
Enets Northern Samoyeds Enets 200–300 Krasnoyarsk Krai
Nganasans Northern Samoyeds Nganasan 900–1000 Krasnoyarsk Krai
Selkups Southern Samoyeds Selkup 3,700 Tomsk Oblast

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

 Krasnoyarsk Krai
Kamasins Southern Samoyeds Kamassian 2[5] or around 20[6] Krasnoyarsk Krai

Extinct
  • Yurats, who spoke Yurats (Northern Samoyeds)[7]
  • Mators or Motors, who spoke Mator (Southern Samoyeds)[7]
  • Kamasins, who spoke Kamassian (Southern Samoyeds) (in the last two censuses, two people identified still as Kamasin under the subgroup "other nationalities".)[8][5]

The largest of the Samoyedic peoples are the Nenets, who mainly live in two autonomous districts of Russia: Yamalo-Nenetsia and Nenetsia. Some of the Nenets and most of the Enets and Nganasans used to live in the Taymyria autonomous district (formerly known as Dolgano-Nenetsia), but today this area is a territory with special status within Krasnoyarsk Krai. Most of the Selkups live in Yamalo-Nenetsia, but there is also a significant population in Tomsk Oblast.

  • A group of Samoyeds around a campfire (1914)
    A group of Samoyeds around a campfire (1914)
  • Samoyed winterdress (before 1906)
    Samoyed winterdress (before 1906)
  • Nenets child
    Nenets child
  • Nenets family
    Nenets family
  • A reindeer herd in Kolguyev Island in 1895.
    A reindeer herd in Kolguyev Island in 1895.

References and notes
  1. Some ethnologists use the term 'Samodeic people' instead 'Samoyedic', see Balzer, Marjorie (1999). The Tenacity of Ethnicity. Princeton University Press. p. 241. ISBN 978-0-691-00673-4.
  2. [T]he term Samoyedic is sometimes considered derogatory in Balzer, Marjorie (1999). The Tenacity of Ethnicity. Princeton University Press. p. 241. ISBN 978-0-691-00673-4. Samoyedic derogatory.
  3. "Samoyeds" had no derogatory meaning and represents a modification of the expression same-edne in Arctic Institute of North America (1961). Anthropology of the North: Translations from Russian Sources. University of Toronto Press. p. 219.
  4. Demoskop Weekly No 543-544
  5. "Итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2020 года. Том 5. Национальный состав и владение языками. Таблица 2. Состав группы населения «Указавшие другие ответы о национальной принадлежности»". Retrieved 2023-01-03.
  6. "Администрация Саянского района. Унифицированный туристский паспорт. Саянский район Красноярского края". Retrieved 2023-01-03.
  7. Unesco Red Book on Endangered Languages
  8. https://rosstat.gov.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol4/pub-04-02.pdf


This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.