Sclerorhynchoidei

Sclerorhynchoidei is an extinct suborder of rajiform rays that had long rostra with large denticles similar to sawfishes and sawsharks. This feature was convergently evolved and their closest living relatives are actually skates.[7][8][9] While they are often called "sawfishes", sawskates is a more accurate common name for sclerorhynchoids. The suborder contains five named families: Ganopristidae, Ischyrhizidae, Onchopristidae, Ptychotrygonidae, and Schizorhizidae.[10] Several genera (see below) are not currently placed in any of these families. Sclerorhynchoids first appeared in the Barremian and went extinct during the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, with former Paleocene occurrences being misidentifications or reworked specimens.[11][12]

Sclerorhynchoidei
Temporal range: Barremian-Maastrichtian
Comparison between a longnose sawshark (top and left), Sclerorhynchus (middle), and a largetooth sawfish (bottom and right)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Chondrichthyes
Superorder: Batoidea
Order: Rajiformes
Suborder: †Sclerorhynchoidei
Cappetta, 1980[1]
Families
Synonyms
  • Ganopristinidea
    Case, 1978[2]
  • Sclerorhynchiformes
    Kriwet, 2004[3]
  • Ganopristiformes
    Herman & Van Waes, 2012a[4]
  • Ptychotrygoniformes
    Herman & Van Waes, 2012b[5]
  • Ganopristomorphii
    Herman & Van Waes, 2014[6]

Phylogeny

Below is a cladogram of Sclerorhynchoidei, with the topology based on Villalobos-Segura et al. (2021b) and the family taxonomy based on Greenfield (2021).[9][10]

Rajiformes

Rajidae

Sclerorhynchoidei
Schizorhizidae

Schizorhiza

Ischyrhizidae

Ischyrhiza

Onchopristidae

Onchopristis

Ptychotrygonidae

Asflapristis

Ptychotrygon

Ganopristidae

Libanopristis

Micropristis

Sclerorhynchus

Other genera

References
  1. Cappetta, H. (1980). "Les Sélaciens du Crétacé supérieur du Liban. II. Batoïdes". Palaeontographica, Abteilung A. 168 (5–6): 149–229.
  2. Case, G.R. (1978). "A new selachian fauna from the Judith River Formation (Campanian) of Montana". Palaeontographica, Abteilung A. 160 (1–6): 176–205.
  3. Kriwet, J. (2004). "The systematic position of the Cretaceous sclerorhynchid sawfishes (Elasmobranchii, Pristiorajea)". In Arratia, G.; Tintori, A. (eds.). Mesozoic Fishes 3 – Systematics, Paleoenvironments and Biodiversity. Proceedings of the International Meeting Serpiano, 2001. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil. pp. 57–73. ISBN 3-89937-053-8.
  4. Herman, J.; Van Waes, H. (2012a). "Observations diverses et déductions concernant l'evolution et la systématique de quelques Euselachii, Neoselachii et Batoidei (Pisces - Elasmobranchii), actuels et fossiles" (PDF). Géominpal Belgica. 2 (1): 1–89. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-02-17.
  5. Herman, J.; Van Waes, H. (2012b). "Observations diverses et déductions concernant l'evolution et la systématique de quelques Euselachii, Neoselachii et Batoidei (Pisces - Elasmobranchii), actuels et fossiles. Données complémentaires" (PDF). Géominpal Belgica. 2 (2): 1–12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-02-17.
  6. Herman, J.; Van Waes, H. (2014). "Observations concerning the evolution and the parasystematics of all the living and fossil Chlamydoselachiformes, Squatiniformes, Orectolobiformes, and Pristiophoriformes, based on both biological and odontological data. Suggestion of a possible origin of the order Pristiophoriformes, of the order Ganopristiformes and a global synthesis of the previous systematics proposals" (PDF). Géominpal Belgica. 6 (1): 1–347. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-02-17.
  7. Villalobos-Segura, E.; Underwood, C.J.; Ward, D.J.; Claeson, K.M. (2019). "The first three-dimensional fossils of Cretaceous sclerorhynchid sawfish: Asflapristis cristadentis gen. et sp. nov., and implications for the phylogenetic relations of the Sclerorhynchoidei (Chondrichthyes)" (PDF). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 17 (21): 1847–1870. doi:10.1080/14772019.2019.1578832. S2CID 145940997.
  8. Villalobos-Segura, E.; Underwood, C.J.; Ward, D.J. (2021a). "The first skeletal record of the enigmatic Cretaceous sawfish genus Ptychotrygon (Chondrichthyes, Batoidea) from the Turonian of Morocco" (PDF). Papers in Palaeontology. 7 (1): 353–376. doi:10.1002/spp2.1287. S2CID 210302939.
  9. Villalobos-Segura, E.; Kriwet, J.; Vullo, R.; Stumpf, S.; Ward, D.J.; Underwood, C.J. (2021b). "The skeletal remains of the euryhaline sclerorhynchoid †Onchopristis (Elasmobranchii) from the 'Mid'-Cretaceous and their palaeontological implications". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 193 (2): 746–771. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa166. ISSN 0024-4082.
  10. Greenfield, T. (2021). "Corrections to the nomenclature of sawskates (Rajiformes, Sclerorhynchoidei)". Bionomina. 22 (1): 39–41. doi:10.11646/bionomina.22.1.3. S2CID 239067365.
  11. Kriwet, J.; Kussius, K. (2001). "Paleobiology and paleobiogeography of sclerorhynchid sawfishes (Chondrichthyes, Batomorphii)". Revista Española de Paleontología. 16 (3): 35–46.
  12. Cappetta, H. (2012). Handbook of Paleoichthyology. Volume 3E. Chondrichthyes. Mesozoic and Cenozoic Elasmobranchii: Teeth. Munich: Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil. ISBN 978-3-89937-148-2.


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