Small Cajal body-specific RNA

Small Cajal body-specific RNAs (scaRNAs) are a class of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) that specifically localise to the Cajal body, a nuclear organelle (cellular sub-organelle) involved in the biogenesis of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs or snurps). ScaRNAs guide the modification (methylation and pseudouridylation) of RNA polymerase II transcribed spliceosomal RNAs U1, U2, U4, U5 and U12.

Small Cajal body specific RNA 1
Predicted secondary structure of Small Cajal body specific RNA 1
Identifiers
SymbolSCARNA1
RfamRF00553
Other data
RNA typegene, snRNA, snoRNA, scaRNA;
Domain(s)Vertebrata
PDB structuresPDBe

The first scaRNA identified was U85.[1] It is unlike typical snoRNAs in that it is a composite C/D box and H/ACA box snoRNAs and can guide both pseudouridylation and 2′-O-methylation. Not all scaRNAs are composite C/D and H/ACA box snoRNA and most scaRNAs are structurally and functionally indistinguishable from snoRNAs, directing ribosomal RNA (rRNA) modification in the nucleolus.

Drosophila scaRNAs

Several studies identified scaRNAs in Drosophila.[1][2][3][4][5] One of the studies showed that several Drosophila scaRNAs could function equally well in the nucleoplasm of mutant flies that lack Cajal bodies.[4] Further investigation showed that scaRNA pugU6-40 targets U6 snRNA, whose modification occurs in the nucleolus not CB and that pugU1-6 and pug U2-55 guide 2 RNAs: snRNA and 28s rRNA.[5]

Small Cajal body-specific RNA 1

In molecular biology, Small Cajal body-specific RNA 1 (also known as SCARNA1 or ACA35) is a small nucleolar RNA found in Cajal bodies and believed to be involved in the pseudouridylation of U2 spliceosomal RNA at residue U89.

scaRNA1 is a non-coding RNA, which are functional products of genes not translated into proteins. Such RNA molecules usually contain important secondary structure or ligand-binding motifs and are involved in many important biological processes in the cell.[6]

scaRNA1 belongs to the H/ACA box class of snoRNAs, as it has the predicted hairpin-hinge-hairpin-tail structure, conserved H/ACA-box motifs, and is found associated with GAR1 protein.[7]

References
  1. Jády BE, Kiss T (February 2001). "A small nucleolar guide RNA functions both in 2′-O-ribose methylation and pseudouridylation of the U5 spliceosomal RNA". The EMBO Journal. 20 (3): 541–551. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.3.541. PMC 133463. PMID 11157760.
  2. Tortoriello G, Accardo MC, Scialò F, Angrisani A, Turano M, Furia M (May 2009). "A novel Drosophila antisense scaRNA with a predicted guide function". Gene. 436 (1–2): 56–65. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2009.02.005. PMID 19230845.
  3. Tycowski KT, Shu MD, Kukoyi A, Steitz JA (April 2009). "A conserved WD40 protein binds the Cajal body localization signal of scaRNP particles". Molecular Cell. 34 (1): 47–57. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2009.02.020. PMC 2700737. PMID 19285445.
  4. Deryusheva S, Gall JG (December 2009). "Small Cajal body-specific RNAs of Drosophila function in the absence of Cajal bodies". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 20 (24): 5250–5259. doi:10.1091/mbc.E09-09-0777. PMC 2793299. PMID 19846657.
  5. Deryusheva S, Gall JG (December 2013). "Novel small Cajal-body-specific RNAs identified in Drosophila: probing guide RNA function". RNA. 19 (12): 1802–1814. doi:10.1261/rna.042028.113. PMC 3884663. PMID 24149844.
  6. Darzacq X, Jády BE, Verheggen C, Kiss AM, Bertrand E, Kiss T (June 2002). "Cajal body-specific small nuclear RNAs: a novel class of 2′-O-methylation and pseudouridylation guide RNAs". The EMBO Journal. 21 (11): 2746–2756. doi:10.1093/emboj/21.11.2746. PMC 126017. PMID 12032087.
  7. Kiss AM, Jády BE, Bertrand E, Kiss T (July 2004). "Human box H/ACA pseudouridylation guide RNA machinery". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 24 (13): 5797–5807. doi:10.1128/MCB.24.13.5797-5807.2004. PMC 480876. PMID 15199136.
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