Hybosoridae

Hybosoridae; Temporal range:
	Hybosorus roei
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Coleoptera
Suborder:	Polyphaga
Infraorder:	Scarabaeiformia
Superfamily:	Scarabaeoidea
Family:	Hybosoridae; Erichson, 1847
Subfamilies[1]
	Anaidinae; Ceratocanthinae; Hybosorinae; Liparochrinae; Pachyplectrinae;

Hybosoridae, sometimes known as the scavenger scarab beetles, is a family of scarabaeiform beetles. The 690 species in 97 genera occur widely in the tropics, but little is known of their biology.

Hybosorids are small, 5–7 mm in length and oval in shape. Color ranges from a glossy light brown to black. They are distinctive for their large mandibles and labrum, and their 10-segmented antennae, in which the 8th antennomore of the club is deeply grooved and occupied by the 9th and 10th antennomeres. The legs have prominent spurs.

The larvae have the C-shape and creamy white appearance typical of the scarabaeiforms. The 4-segmented legs are well-developed; the front legs are used to stridulate by rubbing against the margin of the epipharynx, a habit unique to this family.

Adults are known to feed on invertebrate and vertebrate carrion, with some found in dung. Larvae have been found in decomposing plant material. Little more is known of their life histories.

The group has been long recognized as distinct, primarily because of the larval characteristics, either as a distinct family or as a subfamily of Scarabaeidae.

Hybosorus roei
Hybosorus roei

Genera

Acanthocerodes^{c g}
Adraria^{c g}
Afrocloetus^{c g}
Allidiostoma^{c g}
Anaides^{c g}
Aneilobolus^{c g}
Anopsiostes^{c g}
Antiochrus^{c g}
Apalonychus^{c g}
Aporolaus^{c g}
Araeotanypus^{c g}
Astaenomoechus^{c g}
Aulisostes^{c g}
Baloghianestes^{c g}
Besuchetostes^{c g}
Brenskea^{c g}
Callophilharmostes^{c g}
Callosides^{c g}
Carinophilharmostes^{c g}
Celaenochrous^{c g}
Ceratocanthoides^{c g}
Ceratocanthopsis^{c g}
Ceratocanthus White, 1842^{i c g b}
Chaetodus^{c g}
Chaetophilharmostes^{c g}
Cloeotus^{c g}
Coilodes^{c g}
Congomostes^{c g}
Cryptogenius^{c g}
Cryptophilharmostes^{c g}
Cryptosphaeroides^{c g}
Cyphopisthes^{c g}
Daimothoracodes^{c g}
Dicraeodon^{c g}
Ebbrittoniella^{c g}
Eusphaeropeltis^{c g}
Germarostes Paulian, 1982^{i c g b}
Glyptogermarostes^c
Goudotostes^{c g}
Hapalonychoides^{c g}
Hybochaetodus^{c g}
Hybosoroides^{c g}
Hybosorus MacLeay, 1819^{i c g b}
Hypseloderus^{c g}
Ivieolus^{c g}
Kuijtenous^{c g}
Liparochrus^{c g}
Macrophilharmostes^c
Madrasostes^{c g}
Martinezostes^{c g}
Melanophilharmostes^{c g}
Metachaetodus^{c g}
Microphaeochroops^{c g}
Microphaeolodes^{c g}
Mimocoelodes^{c g}
Nesopalla^{c g}
Oxymorostes^{c g}
Pachyplectrus LeConte, 1874^{i c g b}
Pantolasius^{c g}
Parallidiostoma^{c g}
Paulianostes^{c g}
Perignamptus^{c g}
Petrovitzostes^{c g}
Phaeochridius^{c g}
Phaeochroops^{c g}
Phaeochrous^{c g}
Phaeocroides^{c g}
Philharmostes^{c g}
Pseudopterorthochaetes^{c g}
Pseudosynarmostes^{c g}
Pterorthochaetes^{c g}
Scarabaeinus^{c g}
Scarabatermes^{c g}
Seleucosorus^{c g}
Synarmostes^{c g}
Totoia^{c g}
Trachycrusus^{c g}
Xenocanthus^{c g}

Data sources: i = ITIS,[2] c = Catalogue of Life,[3] g = GBIF,[4] b = Bugguide.net[5]

Extinct genera

Subfamily Anaidinae Nikolajev 1996
- †Crassisorus Nikolajev et al. 2012 Yixian Formation, China, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
- †Cretanaides Nikolajev 1996 Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian
- †Protanaides Nikolajev 2010 Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian
Subfamily Ceratocanthinae Martinez 1968
- Tribe Ivieolini Howden and Gill 2000
  - †Mesoceratocanthus Nikolajev et al. 2010 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian
Subfamily Hybosorinae Erichson 1847
- †Cretohybosorus Nikolajev 1999 Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian
- †Fortishybosorus Yan et al. 2013 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian
- †Jurahybosorus Nikolajev 2005 Bayan Teg, Mongolia, Middle Jurassic (Bajocian), Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Late Jurassic
- †Leptosorus Nikolajev 2006 Jiufotang Formation, China, Aptian, Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian
- †Protohybosorus Nikolajev 2010 Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Late Jurassic
Subfamily †Mimaphodiinae Nikolajev 2007
- †Mimaphodius Nikolajev 2007 Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian
Subfamily Liparochrinae Ocampo 2006
- †Libanochrus Kirejtshuk et al. 2011 Lebanese amber, Early Cretaceous (Barremian)
†Coprologus Heer 1847 Upper Freshwater-Molasse Formation, Germany, Miocene
†Procoilodes Ocampo 2002 Dominican amber, Miocene
†Pulcherhybosorus Yan et al. 2012 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian
†Sinochaetodus Lu et al. 2018 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian
†Sinohybosorus Nie et al. 2018 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian
†Tyrannasorus Ratcliffe and Ocampo 2001 Dominican amber, Miocene

References

Federico C. Ocampo (2006). "Phylogenetic Analysis of the Scarab Family Hybosoridae and Monographic Revision of the New World Subfamily Anaidinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea)". University of Nebraska State Museum Bulletins. 19.
"Hybosoridae Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2018-04-23.
"Browse Hybosoridae". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 2018-04-23.
"Hybosoridae". GBIF. Retrieved 2018-04-23.
"Hybosoridae Family Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2018-04-23.

Mary Liz Jameson, "Hybosoridae", in Ross H. Arnett, Jr. and Michael C. Thomas, American Beetles (CRC Press, 2002), vol. 2

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[unsm-1] Federico C. Ocampo (2006). "Phylogenetic Analysis of the Scarab Family Hybosoridae and Monographic Revision of the New World Subfamily Anaidinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea)". University of Nebraska State Museum Bulletins. 19.

[itis-2] "Hybosoridae Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2018-04-23.

[catlife-3] "Browse Hybosoridae". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 2018-04-23.

[gbif-4] "Hybosoridae". GBIF. Retrieved 2018-04-23.

[bugref-5] "Hybosoridae Family Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2018-04-23.