Muhlenbergia

Muhlenbergia
	Muhlenbergia rigens
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Clade:	Commelinids
Order:	Poales
Family:	Poaceae
Subfamily:	Chloridoideae
Tribe:	Cynodonteae
Subtribe:	Muhlenbergiinae
Genus:	Muhlenbergia; Schreb.
Type species
	Muhlenbergia schreberi; J.F.Gmel.[1][2]
Synonyms[3]
	Aegopogon Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. (1806); Anthipsimus Raf. (1819); Atherophora Willd. ex Steud. (1840), not validly publ.; Bealia Scribn. (1890); Blepharoneuron Nash (1898); Calycodon Nutt. (1848); Chaboissaea E.Fourn. ex Benth. & Hook.f. (1883); Cleomena Roem. & Schult. (1817); Clomena P.Beauv. (1812); Crypsinna E.Fourn. (1886); Dactylogramma Link (1833); Dilepyrum Michx. (1803); Epicampes J.Presl (1830); Flexularia Raf. (1819); Hymenothecium Lag. (1816); Lycurus Kunth (1816); Pereilema J.Presl (1830); Pleopogon Nutt. (1848); Podosemum Desv. (1810); Redfieldia Vasey (1887); Schaffnera Benth. (1882), nom. illeg.; Schaffnerella Nash (1912); Schedonnardus Steud. (1854); Schellingia Steud. (1850); Sericrostis Raf. (1825); Spirochloe Lunell (1915), nom. superfl.; Tosagris P.Beauv. (1812); Trichochloa P.Beauv. (1812); Trichochloa DC. (1813), illegitimate homonym not P.Beauv. (1812); Vaseya Thurb. (1863 publ. 1864);

Muhlenbergia is a genus of plants in the grass family.[4][2][5][6]

The genus is named in honor of the German-American amateur botanist Gotthilf Heinrich Ernst Muhlenberg (1753-1815).[7] Many of the species are known by the common name muhly. The greatest number are native to the southwestern United States and Mexico, but there are also native species in Canada, Central and South America and in Asia.[7][8][9][10]

Species

Species in the genus include:[11][12]

Muhlenbergia aguascalientensis Y.Herrera & De la Cerda - Aguascalientes
Muhlenbergia alamosae Vasey - Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Sonora, Sinaloa, Durango, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Mexico State, Morelos, Zacatecas
Muhlenbergia andina (Nutt.) Hitchc. – Foxtail muhly - western Canada, western United States
Muhlenbergia angustata (J.Presl) Kunth - South America
Muhlenbergia annua (Vasey) Swallen - Chihuahua, Sonora, Chiapas, Durango
Muhlenbergia appressa C.O.Goodd. – Devil's Canyon muhly - United States (California Arizona), Baja California, Baja California Sur
Muhlenbergia arenacea (Buckley) Hitchc. - United States (Colorado New Mexico Texas Arizona), Chihuahua, Sonora, Coahuila, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas
Muhlenbergia arenicola Buckley - United States (Arizona New Mexico Texas Oklahoma Kansas Colorado), Mexico, Argentina
Muhlenbergia argentea Vasey - Mexico
Muhlenbergia arizonica Scribn. United States (New Mexico Arizona), Mexico
Muhlenbergia arsenei Hitchc. - United States (California Nevada Utah Arizona New Mexico), Mexico
Muhlenbergia articulata Scribn. - Mexico
Muhlenbergia asperifolia (Nees & Meyen ex Trin.) Parodi – Scratchgrass - from Canada to Chile
Muhlenbergia atacamensis Parodi - Argentina, Bolivia
Muhlenbergia aurea Swallen - Guatemala
Muhlenbergia biloba Hitchc. - Mexico
Muhlenbergia brandegeei C.Reeder - Baja California
Muhlenbergia breviaristata (Hack.) Parodi - Argentina
Muhlenbergia breviculmis Swallen - Guatemala
Muhlenbergia brevifolia Scribn. ex Beal - Mexico
Muhlenbergia breviligula Hitchc. - southern Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua
Muhlenbergia brevis Goodd. - United States (Arizona New Mexico Texas Colorado), Mexico
Muhlenbergia breviseta E.Fourn. - Mexico
Muhlenbergia brevivaginata Swallen - Mexico
Muhlenbergia bushii R.W.Pohl - central + eastern United States
Muhlenbergia californica Vasey – California muhly - California (San Bernardino, Riverside, + Los Angeles Counties)
Muhlenbergia capillaris – Hairawn muhly - United States (from Texas to Massachusetts; Mexico, Guatemala, Bahamas, Cuba, Puerto Rico[13]
Muhlenbergia capillipes (M.E.Jones) P.M.Peterson & Annable - northeastern Mexico
Muhlenbergia caxamarcensis Laegaard & Sánchez Vega - Peru
Muhlenbergia ciliata (Kunth) Kunth - from central Mexico to northwestern Argentina
Muhlenbergia crispiseta Hitchc. - western Texas, northern Mexico
Muhlenbergia cualensis Y.Herrera & P.M.Peterson - southern Mexico
Muhlenbergia curtifolia Scribn. - Arizona Nevada Utah Wyoming
Muhlenbergia curtisetosa (Scribn.) Bush - from Ontario to Texas
Muhlenbergia curviaristata (Ohwi) Ohwi - Japan, Manchuria, Kuril Islands
Muhlenbergia cuspidata (Torr. ex Hook.) Rydb. – Plains muhly - from Alberta to Virginia
Muhlenbergia decumbens Swallen - central Mexico
Muhlenbergia depauperata Scribn. - United States (Arizona New Mexico Colorado Utah Texas), northeastern Mexico
Muhlenbergia distichophylla (J.Presl) Kunth - Mexico, Guatemala
Muhlenbergia diversiglumis Trin. - from northern Mexico to Peru
Muhlenbergia dubia E.Fourn. - Arizona New Mexico Texas, Mexico
Muhlenbergia dumosa – Bamboo muhly - Mexico, Arizona
Muhlenbergia durangensis Y.Herrera - Durango
Muhlenbergia duthieana Hack. - Pakistan, Nepal, Kashmir, Himanchal Pradesh, Uttaranchal
Muhlenbergia elongata Scribn. ex Beal - Arizona (Pima + Santa Cruz Counties), northern Mexico
Muhlenbergia eludens C.Reeder - United States (Arizona New Mexico Texas), northern Mexico
Muhlenbergia emersleyi Vasey – Bullgrass - United States (Arizona Nevada New Mexico Texas North Carolina), Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras
Muhlenbergia eriophylla Swallen - Mexico
Muhlenbergia expansa – Cutover muhly - United States (Texas Oklahoma Louisiana Mississippi Alabama Georgia Florida South Carolina North Carolina Virginia Massachusetts)
Muhlenbergia fastigiata (J.Presl) Henrard - Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Chile, Argentina
Muhlenbergia filiculmis Vasey - United States (Arizona New Mexico Utah Colorado Wyoming North Dakota)
Muhlenbergia filiformis (Thurb. ex S.Watson) Rydb. – Pullup muhly - western United States, British Columbia, Sonora, Baja California
Muhlenbergia flabellata Mez - Costa Rica, Panamá
Muhlenbergia flavida Vasey - Mexico
Muhlenbergia flaviseta Scribn. - Mexico
Muhlenbergia flexuosa Hitchc. - Peru
Muhlenbergia fragilis Swallen - Mexico, United States (California Nevada Utah Arizona New Mexico Texas)
Muhlenbergia frondosa (Poir.) Fernald - eastern + central United States + Canada
Muhlenbergia gigantea (E.Fourn.) Hitchc. - Mexico
Muhlenbergia glabriflora Scribn. - south-central United States
Muhlenbergia glauca (Nees) Mez - Mexico, United States (California Arizona New Mexico Texas)
Muhlenbergia glomerata (Willd.) Trin. – Marsh muhly, spiked muhly - northern United States, Canada including Yukon + NWT
Muhlenbergia grandis Vasey - Mexico
Muhlenbergia gypsophila C.Reeder & Reeder - Mexico
Muhlenbergia hakonensis (Hack.) Makino - China (Sichuan, Anhui), Korea, Japan
Muhlenbergia himalayensis Hack. ex Hook.f. - Afghanistan, northern Pakistan, Tajikistan, northern + eastern India, Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan, Sichuan, Yunnan
Muhlenbergia hintonii Swallen - Mexico
Muhlenbergia huegelii Trin. - widespread from Afghanistan to Primorye to New Guinea, including India + China
Muhlenbergia implicata (Kunth) Trin. - Mesoamerica, Colombia, Venezuela
Muhlenbergia inaequalis Soderstr. - Colombia, Venezuela
Muhlenbergia involuta Swallen - Texas
Muhlenbergia iridifolia Soderstr. - Mexico
Muhlenbergia jaime-hintonii P.M.Peterson & Valdés-Reyna - Mexico
Muhlenbergia jaliscana Swallen - Mexico
Muhlenbergia japonica Steud. - China, Japan, Korea, Primorye, Khabarovsk
Muhlenbergia jonesii (Vasey) Hitchc. - northeastern California
Muhlenbergia laxa Hitchc. - Veracruz
Muhlenbergia lehmanniana Henrard - Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela. Ecuador
Muhlenbergia ligularis (Hack.) Hitchc. - from Costa Rica to Argentina
Muhlenbergia ligulata (E.Fourn.) Scribn. & Merr. - Mexico
Muhlenbergia lindheimeri Hitchc. – Lindheimer muhly, big muhly - Texas, Coahuila
Muhlenbergia longiglumis Vasey - Mexico
Muhlenbergia longiligula Hitchc. - Mexico, United States (Arizona New Mexico Texas Nevada)
Muhlenbergia lucida Swallen - Mexico
Muhlenbergia macroura (Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth) Hitchc. - Mexico, Guatemala
Muhlenbergia majalcensis P.M.Peterson - Mexico
Muhlenbergia maxima Laegaard & Sánchez Vega - Peru
Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin. – Mexican muhly - United States, Canada incl. Yukon
Muhlenbergia michisensis Y.Herrera & P.M.Peterson - Mexico
Muhlenbergia microsperma (District of Columbia.) Kunth – Littleseed muhly - United States (California Arizona Nevada Utah), Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Galápagos, Bolivia
Muhlenbergia minutissima (Steud.) Swallen – Annual muhly - United States (Washington Oregon California Idaho Montana Wyoming Nebraska South Dakota Utah Nevada Arizona New Mexico Texas), Mexico, Guatemala
Muhlenbergia monandra Alegría & Rúgolo - Peru
Muhlenbergia montana (Nutt.) Hitchc. – Mountain muhly - United States (Montana Wyoming Colorado Utah Nevada Arizona California New Mexico Texas), Mexico
Muhlenbergia mucronata (Kunth) Trin. - Mexico
Muhlenbergia multiflora Columbus - western United States
Muhlenbergia mutica (E.Fourn.) Hitchc. - Mexico
Muhlenbergia nigra Hitchc. - Mexico, Costa Rica, Guatemala
Muhlenbergia orophila Swallen - Mexico, Guatemala
Muhlenbergia palmeri Vasey - Mexico, southern Arizona
Muhlenbergia palmirensis Grignon & Lægaard - Ecuador
Muhlenbergia paniculata (Nutt.) P.M.Peterson - central Canada, central + western United States, northeastern Mexico, northern Argentina
Muhlenbergia pauciflora Buckley - United States (Colorado Utah Texas New Mexico Arizona California), Mexico
Muhlenbergia pectinata Goodd. - Mexico, southern Arizona
Muhlenbergia peruviana – Peruvian muhly - United States (Arizona New Mexico), Mesoamerica, western South America, Galápagos
Muhlenbergia pilosa P.M.Peterson, Wipff & S.D.Jones - México State, Guerrero
Muhlenbergia plumbea (Trin.) Hitchc. - Mexico, Guatemala
Muhlenbergia polycaulis Scribn. - United States (Utah Texas New Mexico Arizona), Mexico
Muhlenbergia porteri Scribn. ex Beal – Bush muhly - United States (Colorado Oklahoma Utah Nevada Texas New Mexico Arizona California), Mexico
Muhlenbergia pubescens (Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth) Hitchc. - Mexico
Muhlenbergia pubigluma Swallen - Mexico
Muhlenbergia pungens Thurb. – Sandhill muhly - United States (Nebraska South Dakota Colorado Wyoming Arizona Utah New Mexico Texas)
Muhlenbergia purpusii Mez - Mexico
Muhlenbergia quadridentata (Kunth) Trin. - Mexico, Guatemala
Muhlenbergia racemosa (Michx.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. – Green muhly, marsh muhly
Muhlenbergia ramosa (Hack.) Makino - Canada, United States, northern Mexico
Muhlenbergia ramulosa (Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth) Swallen - United States (Arizona New Mexico Colorado), Mesoamerica, Argentina
Muhlenbergia reederorum Soderstr. - Mexico
Muhlenbergia repens (J.Presl) Hitchc. - Mexico, United States (Arizona New Mexico Texas Colorado Oklahoma Utah)
Muhlenbergia reverchonii – Seep muhly - United States (Texas Oklahoma)
Muhlenbergia richardsonis – Mat muhly - Canada (incl Yukon + NWT), United States (Alaska plus northern + western states), northern + central Mexico
Muhlenbergia rigens – Deergrass - Mexico, United States (California Nevada Arizona New Mexico Texas)
Muhlenbergia rigida (Kunth) Kunth - United States (Arizona New Mexico Texas), Mexico, South America (Colombia to Argentina)
Muhlenbergia robusta (E.Fourn.) Hitchc. - Mexico, Central America
Muhlenbergia schmitzii Hack. - Mexico
Muhlenbergia schreberi – Nimblewill - eastern + central United States, Ontario, Mexico, Uruguay, southern Brazil, northern Argentina
Muhlenbergia scoparia Vasey - Mexico
Muhlenbergia seatonii Scribn. ex Seaton - Mexico
Muhlenbergia sericea (Michx.) P.M.Peterson United States (Texas Alabama Florida Georgia Louisiana Mississippi North Carolina South Carolina)
Muhlenbergia setarioides E.Fourn. - Mexico, Central America
Muhlenbergia setifolia Vasey - United States (Arizona New Mexico Texas), Mexico
Muhlenbergia sinuosa Swallen - United States (Arizona New Mexico), Mexico
Muhlenbergia sobolifera (Muhl.) Trin. - eastern + central United States, Ontario
Muhlenbergia spatha Columbus - Mexico
Muhlenbergia speciosa Vasey - Mexico
Muhlenbergia spiciformis Trin. - Mexico, Cuba, United States (New Mexico Texas)
Muhlenbergia straminea Hitchc. - Mexico, United States (New Mexico Arizona Texas)
Muhlenbergia stricta (J.Presl) Kunth - Mexico
Muhlenbergia strictior Beal - Mexico
Muhlenbergia subaristata Swallen - Mexico
Muhlenbergia subbiflora Hitchc. - Mexico
Muhlenbergia sylvatica (Torr.) Torr. ex A. Gray – Woodland muhly - eastern + central United States, Quebec, Ontario[14]
Muhlenbergia tarahumara P.M.Peterson & Columbus - Mexico
Muhlenbergia tenella (Kunth) Trin. - Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Argentina
Muhlenbergia tenuiflora (Willd.) Britton, Stern & Poggenb. - eastern + central United States, Quebec, Ontario
Muhlenbergia tenuifolia (Kunth) Kunth - United States (Texas New Mexico Arizona Colorado), Mexico, Peru, Argentina
Muhlenbergia tenuissima (J.Presl) Kunth - Mexico, Central America
Muhlenbergia texana Buckley - Mexico, United States (Arizona New Mexico Texas)
Muhlenbergia thurberi (Scribn.) Rydb. - Mexico, United States (Texas New Mexico Arizona Colorado Utah Nevada)
Muhlenbergia torreyana (Schult.) Hitchc. – New Jersey muhly, Torrey's muhly, Torrey's dropseed - New Jersey New York Delaware Maryland North Carolina Tennessee Georgia
Muhlenbergia torreyi (Kunth) Hitchc. ex Bush - southwestern United States, Mexico, Argentina
Muhlenbergia trifida Hack. - Mexico, Guatemala
Muhlenbergia uniflora (Muhl.) Fernald - Canada, northeastern United States
Muhlenbergia utilis (Torr.) Hitchc. – Aparejograss - Mexico, United States (California Nevada Arizona New Mexico Texas)
Muhlenbergia vaginata Swallen - Mexico, Guatemala
Muhlenbergia venezuelae Luces - Mérida State in Venezuela
Muhlenbergia versicolor Swallen - Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras
Muhlenbergia villiflora Hitchc. - Mexico, United States (New Mexico Texas)
Muhlenbergia virescens (Kunth) Kunth - Mexico
Muhlenbergia virletii (E.Fourn.) Soderstr. - Mexico
Muhlenbergia watsoniana Hitchc. - Mexico
Muhlenbergia wrightii Vasey ex J.M.Coult. - Mexico, United States (Nevada Utah Colorado Arizona New Mexico Texas Texas Kansas)
Muhlenbergia xanthodas Soderstr. - Chiapas

Numerous species are now considered better suited to other genera, such as Aegopogon, Apera, Arundinella, Brachyelytrum, Calamagrostis, Chaetopogon, Cinna, Dichelachne, Garnotia, Limnodea, Lycurus, Melinis, Ortachne, Sporobolus, Triniochloa.[11]

References

lectotype designated by Nash in Britton & Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. (ed. 2) 1: 184 (1913)
"Muhlenbergia Schreb.". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Muhlenbergia Schreb. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
Schreber, Johann Christian Daniel von (1789). Genera Plantarum Eorumque Characteres Naturales Secundum Numerum, Figuram, Situm, & Proportionem Omnium Fructificationis Partium. Vol. 1 (8th ed.). p. 44.
Peterson, P. M. (2000). "Systematics of the Muhlenbergiinae (Chloridoideae: Eragrostideae)". In Jacobs, S. W. L.; Everett, J. (eds.). Grasses: Systematics and Evolution. Melbourne: CSIRO. pp. 195–212. ISBN 9780643090101.
Peterson, P. M.; Romaschenko, K.; Johnson, G. (2010). "A phylogeny and classification of the Muhlenbergiinae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences". American Journal of Botany. 97 (9): 1532–1554. doi:10.3732/ajb.0900359. PMID 21616906.
Wu, Zhen-lan; Peterson, Paul M. "Muhlenbergia". Flora of China. Vol. 22 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
Beetle, A.A. (1995). Las Gramíneas de México. Vol. 4. México D.F.: Secretaria de Agricultura y Recursos Hidraulícos, COTECOCA. pp. 1–342.
Bor, N. L. (1960). The grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India, and Pakistan, excluding Bambuseae. Oxford: Pergamon Press. ASIN B004X2E4EY.
Giraldo-Cañas, D.; Peterson, P. M. (2009). "El género Muhlenbergia (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae: Muhlenbergiinae) en Colombia". Caldasia. 31 (2): 269–302. JSTOR 23641918.
"Muhlenbergia". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
"Muhlenbergia". County-level distribution maps from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Muhlenbergia capillaris". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2013-01-06.
USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Muhlenbergia sylvatica". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2013-01-06.

External links

Data related to Muhlenbergia at Wikispecies

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[1] totype designated by Nash in Britton & Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. (ed. 2) 1: 184 (1913)

[Tropicos-2] "Muhlenbergia Schreb.". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden.

[powo-3] Muhlenbergia Schreb. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2 July 2023.

[4] Schreber, Johann Christian Daniel von (1789). Genera Plantarum Eorumque Characteres Naturales Secundum Numerum, Figuram, Situm, & Proportionem Omnium Fructificationis Partium. Vol. 1 (8th ed.). p. 44.

[5] Peterson, P. M. (2000). "Systematics of the Muhlenbergiinae (Chloridoideae: Eragrostideae)". In Jacobs, S. W. L.; Everett, J. (eds.). Grasses: Systematics and Evolution. Melbourne: CSIRO. pp. 195–212. ISBN 9780643090101.

[6] Peterson, P. M.; Romaschenko, K.; Johnson, G. (2010). "A phylogeny and classification of the Muhlenbergiinae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences". American Journal of Botany. 97 (9): 1532–1554. doi:10.3732/ajb.0900359. PMID 21616906.

[china-7] Wu, Zhen-lan; Peterson, Paul M. "Muhlenbergia". Flora of China. Vol. 22 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.

[8] Beetle, A.A. (1995). Las Gramíneas de México. Vol. 4. México D.F.: Secretaria de Agricultura y Recursos Hidraulícos, COTECOCA. pp. 1–342.

[9] Bor, N. L. (1960). The grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India, and Pakistan, excluding Bambuseae. Oxford: Pergamon Press. ASIN B004X2E4EY.

[10] Giraldo-Cañas, D.; Peterson, P. M. (2009). "El género Muhlenbergia (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae: Muhlenbergiinae) en Colombia". Caldasia. 31 (2): 269–302. JSTOR 23641918.

[u-11] "Muhlenbergia". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

[12] "Muhlenbergia". County-level distribution maps from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.

[13] USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Muhlenbergia capillaris". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2013-01-06.

[musy-14] USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Muhlenbergia sylvatica". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2013-01-06.