List of scientific misconduct incidents

Scientific misconduct is the violation of the standard codes of scholarly conduct and ethical behavior in the publication of professional scientific research. A Lancet review on Handling of Scientific Misconduct in Scandinavian countries gave examples of policy definitions. In Denmark, scientific misconduct is defined as "intention[al] negligence leading to fabrication of the scientific message or a false credit or emphasis given to a scientist", and in Sweden as "intention[al] distortion of the research process by fabrication of data, text, hypothesis, or methods from another researcher's manuscript form or publication; or distortion of the research process in other ways."[1][2]

A 2009 systematic review and meta-analysis of survey data found that about 2% of scientists admitted to falsifying, fabricating, or modifying data at least once.[3]

Incidents should only be included in this list if the individuals or entities involved have their own Wikipedia articles, or in the absence of an article, where the misconduct incident is covered in multiple reliable sources.

Biology and biomedical sciences
  • Bharat Aggarwal (US), a former Ransom Horne, Jr. Distinguished Professor of Cancer Research at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center,[4] resigned his position after fraud was discovered in 65 papers published by him in the area of curcumin as a treatment for cancer.[5] As of 2022 Aggarwal has had 30 of his research papers retracted, with 10 others having received an expression of concern and 17 others having been corrected.[6][7]
  • Anna Ahimastos (Australia) resigned from her position at Melbourne's Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute in 2015 after admitting to fabricating data in a trial of the blood pressure drug ramipril that analyzed if ramipril could reduce pain in people with peripheral artery disease.[8][9][10]
  • Elias Alsabti (Iraq, US), was a medical practitioner who posed as a biomedical researcher. He plagiarized as many as 60 papers in the field of cancer research, many with non-existent co-authors.[11][12][13]
  • Werner Bezwoda (South Africa), formerly of the University of Witwatersrand, admitted to scientific misconduct in trials on high-dose chemotherapy on breast cancer, stating that he had "committed a serious breach of scientific honesty and integrity."[14][15][16]
  • Joachim Boldt (Germany), an anesthesiologist formerly based at the Justus Liebig University Giessen, was stripped of his professorship and criminally investigated for forgery in his research studies.[17] As of 2023, Boldt has had 184 of his research publications retracted, and 10 others have received an expression of concern.[18][19]
  • C. David Bridges (US), a researcher at Purdue University and formerly at Baylor College of Medicine, was found by a NIH investigation panel to have stolen ideas from a rival's manuscript that Bridges had been asked to review, and used that information to produce and publish his own research on eye enzyme.[20][21] The investigating panel described Bridges' conduct as "an egregious misconduct of science that undermines the entire concept and practice of scientific experimentation and ethical responsibility",[22] with NIH later stripping Bridges of his funding.[23]
  • Silvia Bulfone-Paus (Germany, UK), an immunologist at the Research Center Borstel and a professor of immunobiology at the University of Manchester, has had 13 of her publications retracted following investigations of scientific misconduct involving image manipulation.[24][25][26][27]
  • Cyril Burt was accused posthumously of faking statistics in I.Q. studies, and of inventing two co-authors in questionable papers he had published.[28][29]
  • Ranjit Chandra (Canada), former nutrition researcher at Memorial University of Newfoundland and self-proclaimed "father of nutritional immunology",[30] was in 2015 stripped of his Order of Canada membership following accusations of scientific wrongdoing in his research.[31] In 2015 Chandra lost a $132 million case against the CBC, which in 2006 presented a documentary in which 10 of Chandra's publications were identified as "fraudulent or highly suspicious";[32] Chandra was ordered to pay the CBC $1.6 million to cover the defendant's legal fees.[33] As of 2020 four of Chandra's research publications have been retracted.[34][35]
  • Ching-Shih Chen (US), the former chair of cancer research at Ohio State University, was investigated by OSU and the federal Office of Research Integrity after being anonymously reported for falsifying data. The investigation found that Chen mishandled images and figures in published papers, "intentionally falsified data", and did not keep any laboratory notebooks on his research, a violation of federal research policies.[36][37][38] As of 2021 Chen has had ten research publications retracted, two other papers have received an expression of concern, and five other papers have been corrected.[39]
  • Lorenza Colzato (Italy, Netherlands), a former Leiden University researcher, was found in 2022 to have conducted fraud in at least 15 published studies, including making changes to the research design, adding control groups afterward, and omitting data. Colzato was first accused of fraud in 2019, when she was found to have illegally withdrawn blood from test subjects and had two of her publications retracted as a result.[40] As of 2023 Colzato has had eight of her research publications retracted and two others have received an expression of concern.[41]
  • Carlo M. Croce (US), an oncologist and professor of medicine at Ohio State University, has been the subject of several allegations of scientific misconduct, including data falsification, and related institutional investigations.[42][43][44] Croce, who has been described as a "serial plaintiff",[45] has filed lawsuits against critics,[46] including a defamation claim against The New York Times that in 2018 was dismissed,[47] a defamation lawsuit he lost against David Sanders of Purdue University[48][49] and a lawsuit he lost against Ohio State University to reclaim a department chair position from which he was removed.[50] As of 2022, 14 of Croce's research publications have been retracted, four others have received an expression of concern, and 23 others have been corrected.[51]
  • Andrew Jess Dannenberg (US), a physician and cancer researcher formerly associated with Weill Medical College at Cornell University, had several of his published papers retracted in 2020 due to irregularities in the figures,[52] and in 2022 additional publications were retracted due to "evidence of data falsification or fabrication."[53] As of 2023 Dannenberg has had 20 of his research publications retracted, with two other publications receiving an expression of concern.[54]
  • John Darsee (US), a cardiologist formerly based at Harvard University, fabricated data in published research articles and more than 100 abstracts and book chapters.[55][56] In 1983 Darsee was disbarred for ten years by the US National Institutes of Health.[57] Darsee has had at least 17 of his publications retracted.[58]
  • Dipak Das (US), former director of the Cardiovascular Research Center at the University of Connecticut Health Center, was found in a University investigation to be guilty of 145 counts of fabrication or falsification of research data.[59][60] As of 2023, Das has had 23 of his research publications retracted.[61][62]
  • Masoumeh Ebtekar (Iran), head of the Iranian Department of Environment at Tarbiat Modares University in Tehran, substantially plagiarized several previously-published articles in a 2006 paper that was later retracted.[63][64]
  • Terry Elton (US), Professor of Pharmacology at Ohio State University, was found guilty in 2013 of scientific misconduct by both a University committee and the Office of Research Integrity.[65][66] Elton has had seven of his publications retracted.[67]
  • Yoshitaka Fujii (Japan), an anesthesiologist, was found to have fabricated data in at least 183 scientific papers, setting what is believed to be a record for the number of papers by a single author requiring retractions. A committee reviewing 212 papers published by Fujii over a span of 20 years found that 126 were entirely fabricated, with no scientific work done. Only 3 were found to be valid. He was also found to have forged the signatures of scientists he listed as co-authors without their knowledge.[68][69][70] As of 2023, Fujii has had 182 of their research publications retracted, and 47 others have received an expression of concern.[71]
  • Dong-Pyou Han (US), former assistant professor of biomedical sciences at Iowa State University, added human antibodies to samples of rabbit blood in an effort to falsely enhance the utility of an experimental HIV vaccine.[72][73] In 2015 Han was sentenced to nearly five years in prison and ordered to return $7.2 million to the NIH.[74]
  • Elizabeth Holmes, biotech entrepreneur and founder of the medical diagnostic company Theranos, was convicted for fraud [75] and in November 2022 sentenced to serve 111⁄4 years in prison.[76]
  • Many major trials of the drug ivermectin that claimed it could prevent COVID-19 were found to show signs of fraud and had "either obvious signs of fabrication or errors so critical they invalidate the study," according to one of the groups investigating the studies.[77] For example, some studies were found to list patients who had never actually participated in the research, and others placed patients who were already statistically more likely to die in the placebo group while putting the healthier patients in the experimental group that received ivermectin.[78][77] Studies that were found to contain legitimate research were generally inconclusive about the effects of ivermectin on COVID-19.[78]
  • He Jiankui (China), former associate professor with the Southern University of Science and Technology, was in 2019 sentenced to three years in prison and fined three million yuan (about 430,000 U.S. dollars) for illegally carrying out human embryo gene-editing intended for reproduction.[79] The case is called the He Jiankui affair.[80][81]
  • Woo-suk Hwang (Hwang Woo-suk) (South Korea), former Professor of Biotechnology at Seoul National University, was found by a University committee to have committed "deliberate fabrication" in his research on stem cells, and to have coerced female members of his research team to donate their eggs.[82] The incidence is known as the Hwang affair.[83][84] In 2009 Hwang was found guilty by the Seoul Central District Court of embezzlement and bioethical violations in connection to his research program.[85][86]
  • Sophie Jamal (Canada), former Professor of Medicine at University of Toronto and former staff Endocrinologist at Women's College Hospital, Toronto, falsified data from studies of nitroglycerin compounds in osteoporosis.[87] Results published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) in 2011 were retracted by the Journal in 2016.[88] In 2016 Jamal received a lifetime funding ban from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research[89][90] and in 2018 her license to practice medicine was revoked by the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario.[91] Jamal has had four of her research publications retracted.[92][93]
  • Abderrahmane Kaidi, Senior Lecturer in Cellular and Molecular Medicine at the University of Bristol, was accused of misconduct towards his research team.[94] In 2018, the university investigated the case and with it found out that he had also made fake research data, which he admitted were to impress other scientists for collaboration and were not for publication.[95] He resigned from the university.[96] The University of Cambridge also investigated his research as a postdoctoral scholar at the Gurdon Institute from where he published several research papers on DNA damage. Two journals, Science and Nature retracted one article each, written with his mentor Stephen Jackson, published in 2010 and 2013 respectively, simultaneously on 11 April 2019 following evidence of data fabrications.[97]
  • Shigeaki Kato (Japan), a former professor at the University of Tokyo, has been confirmed responsible for misconduct in 33 papers on nuclear receptors. Most of the fabrications were discovered on an anonymous bulletin board 2channel, and the information was spread by anonymous individual(s).[98] (See Japanese scientific misconduct allegations.)
  • Kim Tae-kook (South Korea), formerly of the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, falsified research on modulating cellular proteins with the synthetic compound CGK733.[99][100]
  • Gideon Koren (Canada), former Director of the Motherisk Program at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, published an article without the informed consent of co-author Nancy Olivieri, and sent her anonymous harassing letters.[101][102] A December 2018 article in The Toronto Star reported apparent problems in more than 400 papers coauthored by Koren, including "inadequately peer-reviewed, failed to declare, and perhaps even obscure, conflicts of interest, and, in a handful of cases, contain lies about the methodology".[103] Koren has threatened a defamation lawsuit against the editor of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for retracting one of Koren's papers.[104] As of 2022 Koren has had six of his research publications retracted, three others have received an expression of concern, and four others have been corrected.[105]
  • Steven A. Leadon (US), former professor of radiation oncology and head of the molecular radiobiology program at the University of North Carolina, falsified and fabricated data in his research on DNA repair.[106][107][108] Leadon has had seven of his research papers retracted.[109]
  • Annarosa Leri (US, Italy) and Piero Anversa (US, Italy), collaborators and former researchers at Harvard University, were found in a 2014 investigation to have "manipulated and falsified" data in their research on endogenous cardiac stem cells, and to have included "false scientific information" in grant applications; these events resulted in Partners HealthCare and Brigham and Women's Hospital paying a $10 million settlement to the US government, and pausing a clinical trial based on Anversa and Leri's work.[110][111][112] In October 2018, following many failed replications of their work, Harvard University and Brigham and Women's Hospital called for the retraction of 31 publications from the Anversa/Leri research group.[113] As of 2023, Anversa and Leri have had 19 research publications retracted, 17 others have received an expression of concern, and 12 others have been corrected.[114][115] Anversa and Leri lost a lawsuit they brought against Harvard that claimed the 2014 investigation had damaged their reputations.[116]
  • Paolo Macchiarini (Sweden, Italy), a thoracic surgeon and researcher formerly at the Karolinska Institutet, was in 2017 found by an ethics review board to have committed research misconduct, including false claims of clinical success and falsely claiming ethical approval for his surgical interventions, in his work on the surgical implantation of artificial trachea seeded with patients' own stem cells.[117][118][119] The review board recommended that six of Macchiarini's publications be retracted.[120] Macchiarini has had nine of his research papers retracted, four others have received an expression of concern, and three others have been corrected.[121]
  • Johnny Matson (US), former professor of psychology at Louisiana State University, who was criticized starting in 2015 for his peer review practices as a journal editor,[122][123] in 2023 had 24 of his research papers retracted because of undisclosed conflicts of interest, duplicated methodology, and a compromised peer-review process.[124][125]
  • William McBride (Australia), a physician who discovered the teratogenicity of thalidomide, was found by an Australian medical tribunal to have "deliberately published false and misleading scientific reports and altered the results of experiments" on the effects of Debendox/Bendectin on pregnancy.[126][127][128]
  • Moon Hyung-in (South Korea), former Professor in the Department of Medicinal Biotechnology at Dong-A University (South Korea), used false names and email addresses to "peer review" his own research publications.[129] Moon has had 35 of his research publications retracted.[130]
  • H.M. Krishna Murthy (US), a protein crystallographer and former research associate professor at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, was found in 2009 by a University committee to be "solely responsible for ... fraudulent data" on protein structures published in nine papers.[131][132] In 2018 the United States Office of Research Integrity placed a 10-year ban on Federal funding for Murthy.[133] As of 2020 ten of Krishna Murthy's publications have been retracted, and two others have received an expression of concern.[134]
  • Haruko Obokata (Japan) formerly of RIKEN and Harvard University, falsified data in the widely publicized STAP cell fraud.[135] As of 2021, Obokata has had four of her research publications retracted.[136]
  • Luk Van Parijs (US), Associate Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) fabricated and falsified data in research papers, unpublished manuscripts, and grant applications. He was convicted in 2011 of making a false statement on a federal grant application.[137] Parijs has had five research publications retracted.[138]
  • Milena Penkowa (Denmark), a neuroscientist and former professor at the Panum Institute of the University of Copenhagen, was in 2010 convicted of fraud and embezzlement of research funds, and in 2012 was found to have committed "deliberate scientific malpractice".[139][140][141] In 2017 the University of Copenhagen revoked Penkowa's doctoral degree.[142] As of 2020 Penkowa has had nine of her research publications retracted, and four others have received an expression of concern.[143]
  • Eric Poehlman (US), a former Professor in the Department of Medicine at the University of Vermont, was convicted in 2005 of grant fraud after falsifying data in as many as 17 grant applications between 1992 and 2000. He was the first academic in the United States to be jailed for falsifying data in a grant application.[144][145] Poehlman has had seven of his publications retracted.[146]
  • Anil Potti (US), a former Associate Professor of Medicine at Duke University, engaged in scientific misconduct "by including false research data in ... published papers, [a] submitted manuscript, [a] grant application, and the research record."[147][148] Potti's misconduct resulted in the suspension of three clinical trials based on his research and a lawsuit filed against Duke by patients enrolled in those studies.[149] As of 2021 Potti has had 11 of their research publications retracted, and one other paper has received an expression of concern.[150][151]
  • Jonathan Pruitt (US, Canada), a behavioral ecologist formerly at McMaster University, has been accused of using fabricated data in several research publications,[152][153] with a group of over 20 scientists finding evidence of manipulated or fabricated numbers in several of Pruitt's publications.[154] In 2021 Pruitt had his doctoral dissertation withdrawn by the University of Tennessee Knoxville.[155] As of 2023 Pruitt has had 15 of his research publications retracted, 11 other papers have received an expression of concern, and four other papers have been corrected.[156]
  • Scott Reuben (US), a former Professor of Anesthesiology at Tufts University, falsified and fabricated clinical trials involving painkiller medications.[157][158] Reuben pleaded guilty in 2010 to one count of health care fraud and was sentenced to six months in prison.[159] As of 2023 Reuben has had 25 of his research publications retracted.[160][161]
  • Steven S. Rosenfeld (US), a former Harvard undergraduate, forged letters of recommendation for himself in the name of David Dressler, whose laboratory he used. His research on transfer factor, on which two articles were published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences and one article in Annals of Internal Medicine, could not be successfully replicated by other scientists.[162][163]
  • Alfred Steinschneider (US), a medical doctor formerly based at Upstate Medical University, in 1972 developed the theory, published in the journal Pediatrics that SIDS was caused by prolonged sleep apnea,[164][165] although none of his research or research conducted subsequently by others supported the theory.[166][167][168] The case-study upon which Steinschneider's theory was based was later revealed to involve infanticide committed by the mother, with Steinschneider allegedly having ignored evidence and reports that the children were being abused.[169][170] In 1997 the editor of Pediatrics, Jerold Lucey, stated that Steinschneider's original paper on the subject was "seriously flawed" and should not have been published.[171]
  • Marc Straus (US), former Chief of Oncology and Associate Professor of Medicine at Boston University Medical Center, in 1982 admitted to "serious deficiencies", including the use of false data, in research studies he supervised. He also admitted to using ineligible patients in his studies, administering drug dosages different from those in his plan, and not assuring compliance with rules of informed consent.[172][173][174]
  • Jon Sudbø (Norway), an oncologist and former Associate Professor at the University of Oslo, was found in a 2006 investigation to have manipulated and fabricated data in grant applications and 15 of his research papers.[175][176][177] As of 2023 Sudbø has had 14 of his publications retracted, and one other publication has received an expression of concern.[178][179]
  • William Summerlin (US), a dermatologist formerly at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, in 1974 committed scientific misconduct in his work on transplant immunology.[180][181] It was from this case that the phrase "painting the mice" originated as a synonym for research fraud.[182][183]
  • Andrew Wakefield (UK), a former surgeon and senior lecturer at the Royal Free Hospital in London, was found guilty of dishonesty in his research and banned from medicine by the UK General Medical Council following an investigation by Brian Deer of the Sunday Times.[184] Wakefield's claims of a link between the MMR vaccine, autism and inflammatory bowel disease have been reported in the British Medical Journal as "based not on bad science but on a deliberate fraud",[185] and the 1998 paper originally presenting his theory was retracted in 2010 by The Lancet.[186][187] Wakefield was unsuccessful in an attempt to sue detractors/critics for libel and defamation.[188][189] Wakefield has had two papers retracted and one corrected.[190]
  • Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories fabricated research data to the extent that upon FDA analysis of 867 studies, 618 (71%) were deemed invalid, including many of which were used to gain regulatory approval for widely used household and industrial products.[191][192]
  • The company Surgisphere claimed to have hospital data which was used to support studies of the effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine in treating COVID-19. Papers in the Lancet and New England Journal of Medicine were retracted in June 2020 when the data was found to be implausible.[193][194][195][196][197]
  • The National Centre for Biological Sciences, one of India's top research institutes and part of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, retracted one of its breakthrough scientific papers in 2021 describing the discovery of iron-sensing RNA after its findings and images were found to be manipulated.[198]
  • Marc Tessier-Lavigne, a neuroscientist, was the President of Stanford University. In 2022, the Stanford board of trustees opened an investigation into allegations that Tessier-Lavigne might have been involved in fabricating results in articles published between 2001 and 2008, when he was working at Genentech.[199][78][200][201][202] In July 2023, the trustees' report was released, finding that in several papers he co-authored "there was apparent manipulation of research data by others." Tessier-Lavigne then announced that he would be stepping down as president of Stanford, effective August 31, 2023.[203]

Chemistry
  • Leo Paquette (US), an Ohio State University professor, plagiarized sections from an unfunded NIH grant application for use in his own NIH grant application.[204] He also plagiarized a NSF proposal for use in one of his scientific publications.[205][206]
  • Kenichiro Itami (Japan), Nagoya University professor, and other members of his laboratory committed scientific misconduct in the graphene nanoribbon fraud.[207] As a result of that misconduct, in 2022 Itami and the other implicated lab members were banned from receiving research support from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science for at least three years.[208][209] As of 2023, Itami has had three of his research publications retracted, one other paper has received an expression of concern, and one other paper has been corrected.[210]
  • The independent misconduct of two chemists at the William A. Hinton State Laboratory Institute in Massachusetts caused the drug lab to be shut down and tens of thousands of criminal convictions for drug possession to be overturned. Annie Dookhan admitted to faking test results and adulterating samples to make them consistent with her desired results. Sonja Farak admitted to stealing samples and using them to get high herself.[211] The affairs were documented in the 2020 film How to Fix a Drug Scandal.
  • Bengü Sezen (US), a graduate student at Columbia University, was found to have falsified data in her research for over a decade by editing NMR data to fit her desired results. At least six of her research papers have been withdrawn and Columbia University has moved to revoke her Ph.D.[212][213]
  • Guido Zadel (Germany), a doctoral student at the University of Bonn, claimed to have observed enantioselectivity by conducting reactions immersed in a static magnetic field. After other researchers were unable to replicate his results, he confessed (and later retracted) to have spiked the reaction mixtures with pure enantiomers. His degree was stripped.[214]

Computer science and mathematics
  • Ioan Mang (Romania), a computer scientist at the University of Oradea, plagiarized a paper by cryptographer Eli Biham,[215] Dean of the Computer Science Department of Technion, Haifa, Israel. He was accused of extensive plagiarism in at least eight of his academic papers.[216][217][218][219]
  • Dănuț Marcu (Romania), a mathematician and computer scientist, was banned from publishing in several journals due to plagiarism.[220] He had submitted a manuscript for publication that was a word-for-word copy of a published paper written by another author.[221]
  • In 2012, IEEE posted "Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles" regarding a paper by Md. Maruf Monwar, at the University of Northern British Columbia (got PhD from the University of Calgary, Canada, in 2012), Dr. Waqar Haque, Professor of Computer Science and Business School at the University of Northern British Columbia, Canada, and Paul, P.P. at University of Rajshahi. The paper "contains significant portions of original text from" three papers by others, and was "copied with insufficient attribution (including appropriate references to the original author(s) and/or paper title) and without permission.", "Due to the nature of this violation, reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper, and future references should be made to the following article[sic]..." [222]

Philosophy
  • Magali Elise Roques (France), a philosopher and a chargé de recherche at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) in Paris, in 2020 became the subject of academic plagiarism inquiries.[223][224] Several of her journal publications were subsequently retracted,[225][226][227][228] with the journal Vivarium publishing a detailed retraction notice.[229][230] A CNRS investigating committee reported that although the allegations of plagiarism against Roques were unjustified, "the whole body of [Roques'] work in English [...] is seriously flawed by the regular presence of bad scholarly practices, by what might be called a sort of active negligence".[231][232] As of 2023, Roques has had 13 of her published articles retracted.[233]
  • Martin William Francis Stone, an Irish philosopher formerly at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, plagiarized in more than 40 publications.[234]
  • Peter Johannes Schulz, a philosopher working at the Institute of Communication and Health at the University of Lugano, had articles both in philosophy and communications retracted for plagiarism and failure to credit sources properly.[235][236][237] After a minor sanction, he was reinstated by the university in 2017.[238]
  • Mahmoud Khatami, an Iranian philosopher at the University of Tehran, was subject to plagiarism accusations in 2014.[239][240] A retraction for one article by Khatami due to plagiarism appeared in the philosophy journal Topoi, accompanied by an editorial by the journal editor that confirmed the existence of plagiarism.[241]
  • Julian Young's Friedrich Nietzsche: A Philosophical Biography (Cambridge University Press, 2010) contains passages plagiarized from an earlier biography by Curtis Cate.[242] Young later had corrections and proper attribution to Cate's biography inserted into unsold copies of the book.[243]

Physics and engineering

Plant biology

Psychiatry
  • William Meissner (1931–2010), a Jesuit priest and professor at Harvard Medical School, was accused of copying many passages and also structural elements from Ernest Wallwork in Meissner's book, The Ethical Dimension of Psychoanalysis: A Dialogue. The Boston Psychoanalytic Society's Committee on Ethics and Professional Standards concluded that Meissner’s actions ‘represented a serious breach of professional and scholarly standards.’[255][256]

Social sciences

Other
  • In 2016 the scientific publisher Springer Nature retracted 58 papers from seven journals, authored mostly by Iran-based researchers, because the papers showed evidence of authorship manipulation, peer-review manipulation, and/or plagiarism.[296][297]
  • Ohio University in 2006 alleged more than three dozen cases of plagiarism in master's degree theses dating back 20 years in its mechanical engineering department.[298] A former faculty member involved in the plagiarism cases, Jay S. Gunasekera, was removed from his position as department chair, had his title of "distinguished professor" rescinded,[299] and in 2011 settled a lawsuit he had brought against the University.[300] Another former faculty member implicated in the plagiarism cases, Bhavin Mehta, in 2012 lost a defamation suit he had brought against the University.[301]
  • 486 Chinese cancer researchers were found guilty of engaging in a fraudulent peer-review scheme by China's Ministry of Science and Technology. The investigation was initiated after the retraction of 107 papers published in Tumor Biology between 2012 and 2016.[302][303] This is reported to be the most papers retracted from one journal.[304]
  • An investigation by the UK scientific journal Nature published on 8 January 2020, found that eight James Cook University (JCU) studies on the effect of climate change on coral reef fish, one of which was authored by the JCU educated discredited scientist Oona Lönnstedt, had a 100 percent replication failure and thus none of the findings of the original eight studies were found to be correct.[305] The Swedish scientists Josefin Sundin and Fredrik Jutfelt were the first to report their suspicions to Uppsala University. Their informal investigation, and the proofs they collected, lead to the formal investigation.[306] Concerns raised about a study Lönnstedt published while at JCU between 2010 and 2014 included an improbable number of lionfish claimed to have been used in this study, and images of 50 fish provided which appeared to include multiple images of some biological specimens, and two images that had been flipped making two fish appear to be four.[307][308] Lönnstedt had also been found guilty of fabricating data underpinning a study at Uppsala University in Sweden following her departure from JCU in Queensland, Australia.[309] The study was subsequently retracted.[310]

See also

References
  1. Nylenna M, Andersen D, Dahlquist G, Sarvas M, Aakvaag A (July 1999). "Handling of scientific dishonesty in the Nordic countries. National Committees on Scientific Dishonesty in the Nordic Countries". Lancet. 354 (9172): 57–61. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)07133-5. PMID 10406378. S2CID 36326829.
  2. "Coping with fraud" (PDF). The COPE Report 1999: 11–18. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 2 September 2006. It is 10 years, to the month, since Stephen Lock ...
  3. Fanelli D (May 2009). "How many scientists fabricate and falsify research? A systematic review and meta-analysis of survey data". PLOS ONE. 4 (5): e5738. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.5738F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005738. PMC 2685008. PMID 19478950.
  4. "MD Anderson's Bharat Aggarwal threatens to sue Retraction Watch". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. 10 April 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
  5. "M.D. Anderson professor under fraud probe". Chiron. 29 February 2012.
  6. Marcus, Adam (3 October 2022). "Frankincense extract paper is 30th retracted by former MD Anderson researcher who once threatened to sue Retraction Watch". Retraction Watch. Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  7. "The Retraction Watch Database". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
  8. "Australian scientist admits fabricating research data". BBC News. 17 September 2015. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  9. Phillips, Nicky (17 September 2015). "Blood pressure research by scientist Anna Ahimastos retracted over faked data". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  10. Swannell, Cate (7 March 2016). "News Briefs". The Medical Journal of Australia. Australian Medical Publishing Company. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  11. Broad WJ (June 1980). "Would-be academician pirates papers". Science. 208 (4451): 1438–40. Bibcode:1980Sci...208.1438B. doi:10.1126/science.208.4451.1438. PMID 17796686.
  12. Woolf P (October 1981). "Fraud in science: how much, how serious?". The Hastings Center Report. 11 (5): 9–14. doi:10.2307/3561291. JSTOR 3561291. PMID 7309502.
  13. Miller D (1992). "Plagiarism: The Case of Elias A.K. Alsbati". Research Fraud in the Behavioral and Biomedical Sciences. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. p. 80. ISBN 978-0471520689.
  14. Weiss RB, Rifkin RM, Stewart FM, Theriault RL, Williams LA, Herman AA, Beveridge RA (March 2000). "High-dose chemotherapy for high-risk primary breast cancer: an on-site review of the Bezwoda study". Lancet. 355 (9208): 999–1003. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)90024-2. PMID 10768448. S2CID 30511930.
  15. Grady, Denise (5 February 2000). "Breast Cancer Researcher Admits Falsifying Data". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  16. Ii, Thomas H. Maugh; Mestel, Rosie (27 April 2001). "Key Breast Cancer Study Was a Fraud". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  17. Heidi Blake, Holly Watt and Robert Winnett. "Millions of surgery patients at risk in drug research fraud scandal". The Telegraph, 3 March 2011 (retrieved 3 March 2011)
  18. "When you have 94 retractions, what's two more?". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. 1 March 2017. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  19. "Retraction Watch Database". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  20. "NIH Accuses Biologist of Stealing Ideas From Rival Researcher". The Washington Post. 13 July 1989. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  21. Staff, From; Reports, Wire (17 July 1989). "Journal Admits Fraud Fears". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  22. Broad, William J. (12 July 1989). "Question of scientific fakery is raised in inquiry". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  23. Zurer, Pamela S (7 August 1989). "NIH panel strips researcher of funding after plagiarism review". Chemical & Engineering News. 67 (32): 24. doi:10.1021/cen-v067n032.p024.
  24. Schiermeier Q (2010). "German research centre widens misconduct probe". Nature. doi:10.1038/news.2010.671.
  25. Jump, Paul (13 December 2011). "New retraction of paper by husband and wife research team". Times Higher Education. Retrieved 14 May 2021.
  26. Marcus A (13 December 2011). "Bulfone-Paus retraction count grows to 13 with one in Transplantation". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
  27. "Retraction Watch Database". Retraction Watch. Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 14 May 2021.
  28. Hesselmann, Felicitas; Wienefoet, Verena; Reinhart, Martin (September 2014). "first_page settings Open AccessArticle Measuring Scientific Misconduct – Lessons from Criminology". Publications. 2 (3): 61–70. doi:10.3390/publications2030061.
  29. Satel, Sally (14 August 2019). "'Fraud in the Lab' Review: Experiments in Doubt". The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company, Inc. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
  30. "Who is Ranjit Kumar Chandra? A timeline of notoriety". 26 July 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  31. "Disgraced researcher Ranjit Chandra stripped of 1989 Order of Canada". Retrieved 9 January 2016.
  32. "Nutrition researcher Chandra loses libel case against CBC". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. 31 July 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  33. "Ranjit Chandra ordered to pay $1.6M to cover CBC's legal fees in libel lawsuit". CBC/Radio Canada. 17 November 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  34. "Nutrition researcher loses two more papers after misconduct findings come to light". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. 16 June 2016. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  35. "The Retraction Watch Database". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
  36. "OSU Professor Falsified Data on Eight Papers, Resigns". The Scientist.
  37. "Ohio State researcher forced to resign after falsifying data in cancer research projects paid for in part by Pelotonia and Stefanie Spielman cancer fund". The Lantern. 30 March 2018.
  38. McCook, Alison (30 March 2018). "Cancer researcher at The Ohio State University resigns following multiple misconduct findings". ScienceMag.org. American Association for the Advancement of Science. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
  39. "Retraction Watch Database". Retraction Watch. Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
  40. "Fmr. Leiden University researcher accused of fraud in 15 studies". NL Times. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
  41. "Retraction Watch Database -Colzato". Retraction Watch. Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  42. Glanz, James; Armendariz, Agustin (8 March 2017). "Years of Ethics Charges, but Star Cancer Researcher Gets a Pass". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  43. "Why The Ohio State University decided to go public about misconduct". American Association for the Advancement of Science. 5 April 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  44. "Carlo Croce, facing misconduct allegations, accuses former colleague of misconduct". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. 9 November 2017. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  45. Oransky, Ivan (July 2021). "A scientist critic was sued, and won – but did not emerge unscathed. This is his story". Retraction Watch. Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 1 July 2021.
  46. "Cancer Researcher Calls NY Times Profile Defamatory". Courthouse News Service. 11 May 2017. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  47. "Judge Tosses Researcher's Libel Claims Against NY Times". Courthouse News Service. 7 November 2018. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
  48. "Croce v. Sanders". PacerMonitor LLC. 20 April 2017. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  49. "Cancer researcher loses defamation suit against critic". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. 13 May 2020. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
  50. Marcus, Adam (10 January 2019). "OSU cancer researcher who has faced misconduct allegations sues to regain lost department chairmanship". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
  51. "Retraction Watch Database". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
  52. Marcus, Adam. "Prominent cancer researcher loses nine papers, making 10". Retraction Watch. Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  53. Kincaid, Ellie. "Former Weill Cornell cancer researcher up to 20 retractions; investigation's findings are with Feds". Retraction Watch. Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  54. "Retraction Watch Database". Retraction Watch. Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  55. Stewart WW, Feder N (1987). "The integrity of the scientific literature". Nature. 325 (6101): 207–214. Bibcode:1987Natur.325..207S. doi:10.1038/325207a0. PMID 3808019. S2CID 31095252.
  56. Butterfield, Fox; Times, Special To the New York (16 December 1981). "Harvard Suspends Doctor For Fraud". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  57. Broad, William J. (16 February 1983). "U.S. to Penalize Heart Researcher on Fraudulent Project at Harvard". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  58. "Who has the most retractions? Introducing the Retraction Watch leaderboard". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. 16 June 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  59. "UConn Investigation Finds That Health Researcher Fabricated Data", The Chronicle of Higher Education, 11 January 2012
  60. "Late resveratrol researcher Dipak Das up to 20 retractions". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. 27 March 2014. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  61. Marcus, Adam (5 October 2021). "Retraction of review of broccoli's health benefits is 22nd for deceased author, 5th for one of his postdocs". Retraction Watch. Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
  62. "Retraction Watch Database". Retraction Watch. Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  63. "Entry 9866 information | Deja vu > Browse". Spore.swmed.edu. Retrieved 18 November 2008.
  64. Butler D (October 2008). "Iranian paper sparks sense of déjà vu". Nature. 455 (7216): 1019. doi:10.1038/4551019a. PMID 18948918.
  65. Dahlberg J. "Findings of Research Misconduct". Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
  66. Al-Ruwaishan A (7 January 2013). "Ohio State pharmacy professor tampered with research data, hit with 'severe' federal sanctions". The Lantern. Archived from the original on 11 January 2013. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
  67. "7th retraction for Ohio researcher who manipulated dozens of figures". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. 24 August 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  68. Normile D (11 April 2012). "A New Record for Retractions?". Science.
  69. S. Shafer (2012). "Statement of Concern" (PDF).
  70. "What took more than five years? Elsevier retracts 20 papers by world's most prolific fraudster". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. 17 May 2018. Retrieved 17 May 2018.
  71. "Retraction Watch Database". Retraction Watch. Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  72. Tony Leys (25 February 2015). "Ex-isu scientist pleads guilty of AIDS vaccine fraud". The Des Moines Register. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
  73. "Researcher who spiked rabbit blood to fake HIV vaccine results slapped with rare prison sentence". The Washington Post. 1 July 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  74. "AIDS vaccine fraudster sentenced to nearly 5 years in prison and to pay back $7 million". July 2015.
  75. Griffith, Erin; Woo, Erin (January 3, 2022). "Elizabeth Holmes is found guilty of four counts of fraud". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 4, 2022. Retrieved January 4, 2022.
  76. Keenan, Alexis (November 18, 2022). "Elizabeth Holmes, Theranos founder, sentenced to 11.25 years in prison". Yahoo! Finance. Retrieved November 19, 2022.
  77. "Ivermectin: How false science created a Covid 'miracle' drug". BBC News. 6 October 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  78. Heathers, James (23 October 2021). "The Real Scandal About Ivermectin". The Atlantic. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  79. "He Jiankui jailed for illegal human embryo gene-editing". Xinhuanet. XINHUANET.com. Archived from the original on 30 December 2019. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
  80. Greely, Henry T (2019). "CRISPR'd babies: human germline genome editing in the 'He Jiankui affair'". Journal of Law and the Biosciences. 6 (1): 111–183. doi:10.1093/jlb/lsz010. PMC 6813942. PMID 31666967.
  81. Alonso, Marcos; Savulescu, Julian (2021). "He Jiankui´s gene-editing experiment and the non-identity problem". Bioethics. 35 (6): 563–573. doi:10.1111/bioe.12878. ISSN 1467-8519. PMC 8524470. PMID 33951203.
  82. "The amazing rise, fall, and rise again of Korea's ′king of cloning′". Business Insider Inc. 9 September 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  83. Kim, Jongyoung (2009). "Public feeling for science: The Hwang affair and Hwang supporters". Public Understanding of Science. 18 (6): 670–686. doi:10.1177/0963662508096778. ISSN 0963-6625.
  84. Rincon, Paul (10 January 2006). "Science takes stock after clone row". BBC. Retrieved 27 April 2023.
  85. Cyranoski D (October 2009). "Woo Suk Hwang convicted, but not of fraud". Nature. 461 (7268): 1181. doi:10.1038/4611181a. PMID 19865133.
  86. Normile D (October 2009). "Scientific misconduct. Hwang convicted but dodges jail; stem cell research has moved on". Science. 326 (5953): 650–51. doi:10.1126/science.326_650a. PMID 19900902.
  87. "Women's College researcher 'manipulated' study results: hospital president". Toronto Star. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  88. Eastell R, Hamilton CJ, Cummings SR (January 2016). "Notice of Retraction: JAMAl SA, et al. Effect of Nitroglycerin Ointment on Bone Density and Strength in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Trial. JAMA. 2011;305(8):800-807". JAMA. 315 (4): 418–19. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.18431. PMID 26719994.
  89. "Disclosures: July 19, 2016 – Dr. Jamal" (19 July 2016). Panel on Responsible Conduct of Research, Government of Canada. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
  90. "Canada funding agency bans researcher for fraud, and in first, reveals her name". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. 11 April 2016. Retrieved 30 September 2018.
  91. "Doctor Details | JAMAl, Abida Sophina (CPSO 63935)". College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario. Archived from the original on 26 April 2018. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  92. Marcus, Adam (24 August 2021). "Doing the right thing: Co-authors of researcher who covered up data fakery retract paper". Retraction Watch. Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
  93. "Retraction Watch Database – Jamal". Retraction Watch. Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
  94. "Bristol lecturer resigns over fabricated research". BBC News. 13 September 2018. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  95. Whipple, Tom (18 September 2023). "Top scientist quits after confessing to research fakery". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  96. Yong, Michael (14 September 2018). "Bristol Uni lecturer resigns after faking research". BristolLive. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  97. Mayo, Nick (12 April 2019). "Articles pulled after data fabrication in Cambridge DNA lab". Times Higher Education. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  98. Normile, Dennis (25 January 2012). "Whistleblower Uses YouTube to Assert Claims of Scientific Misconduct". Science. doi:10.1126/article.27812 (inactive 1 August 2023).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2023 (link)
  99. "South Korean Researcher Suspended Over Charges of Scientific Misconduct". American Association for the Advancement of Science. 5 March 2008. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  100. "Korean researcher fired for fraud". The Scientist. 3 March 2008. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  101. "Koren Reprimanded by Ontario College of Physicians and Surgeons". CAUT. September 2003. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
  102. "Former head of Motherisk program under investigation by medical regulator". Toronto Star. 1 March 2017. Retrieved 20 March 2018.
  103. Mendelson, Rachel; Henry, Michele; Bailey, Andrew (21 December 2018). "Inside the flawed world of medical publishing that allowed a lie in a paper coauthored by Dr. Gideon Koren to pollute the scientific record". The Star. Toronto Star Newspapers Ltd. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  104. Oransky, Ivan (19 February 2019). "Controversial pediatrics researcher has 20-year-old paper retracted for misconduct". Retraction Watch. Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  105. "Retraction Watch Database". Retraction Watch. Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  106. Check E (June 2005). "Retracted papers damage work on DNA repair". Nature. 435 (7045): 1015. Bibcode:2005Natur.435.1015C. doi:10.1038/4351015a. PMID 15973373.
  107. Wallace, Clementine (12 June 2006). "Biologist charged with more fraud: ORI finds Steven Leadon guilty of falsifying additional data; Leadon maintains his innocence". The Scientist.
  108. "Scientist Quits After Claims He Faked Data". The New York Times. 14 June 2003.
  109. "Retraction Watch Database – Steven Leadon". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
  110. "Partners Healthcare and Brigham and Women's Hospital Agree to Pay $10 Million to Resolve Research Fraud Allegations". United States department of Justice. 27 April 2017. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
  111. "Harvard teaching hospital to pay $10 million to settle research misconduct allegations". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. 27 April 2017. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
  112. "Heart failure study paused over concerns about disputed cell therapy papers". STAT. 29 October 2018. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
  113. Kolata, Gina (15 October 2018). "Harvard Calls for Retraction of Dozens of Studies by Noted Cardiologist". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
  114. "Retraction Watch Database". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
  115. "Anversa cardiac stem cell lab earns 13 retractions". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. 13 December 2018. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
  116. "Judge dismisses cardiac stem cell researchers' lawsuit against Harvard". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. 29 July 2015. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
  117. "Swedish review board finds misconduct by Macchiarini, calls for six retractions". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. 30 October 2017.
  118. "Swedish Ethics Review Board: Macchiarini Is Guilty". The Scientist. 30 October 2017. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  119. Rasko, John; Power, Carl (1 September 2017). "Dr Con Man: the rise and fall of a celebrity scientist who fooled almost everyone". The Guardian. Guardian News And Media Limited. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  120. "Six papers by disgraced surgeon should be retracted, report concludes". American Association for the Advancement of Science. 30 October 2017. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  121. "Retraction Watch Database". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
  122. Jump, Paul (26 February 2015), "Journal editor's self-citation rate under scrutiny", Times Higher Education
  123. Etchells, Pete; Chambers, Chris (12 March 2015), "The games we play: A troubling dark side in academic publishing", The Guardian
  124. "Retraction Watch Database". Retraction Watch. Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  125. Montanari, Shaena (7 February 2023). "Prolific autism researcher has two dozen papers retracted". Spectrum. Simons Foundation. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
  126. "Thalidomide hero found guilty of scientific fraud". New Scientist. 27 February 1991.
  127. Dr. William McBride Case – Parliament of New South Wales
  128. Jaffer U, Cameron AE (2006). "Deceit and fraud in medical research". International Journal of Surgery. 4 (2): 122–126. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2006.02.004. PMID 17462327.
  129. "Fake Peer Reviews, the Latest Form of Scientific Fraud, Fool Journals". The Chronicle of Higher Education. 30 September 2012. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
  130. "Retraction count grows to 35 for scientist who faked emails to do his own peer review". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. 17 September 2012. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
  131. "Ex-UAB researcher's work may be fake". The Birmingham News. 8 December 2009.
  132. Borrell B (December 2009). "Fraud rocks protein community". Nature. 462 (7276): 970. doi:10.1038/462970a. PMID 20033014.
  133. "Infamous case of fraud by protein crystallographer ends in 10-year funding ban". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. 10 April 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
  134. "Retraction Watch Database – H. M. Krishna Murthy". Retraction Watch. Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
  135. Obokata H, Wakayama T, Sasai Y, Kojima K, Vacanti MP, Niwa H, Yamato M, Vacanti CA (July 2014). "Retraction: Stimulus-triggered fate conversion of somatic cells into pluripotency". Nature. 511 (7507): 112. Bibcode:2014Natur.511Q.112O. doi:10.1038/nature13598. PMID 24990753.
  136. "Retraction Watch Database – Haruko Obokata". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  137. Samuel Reich E (June 2011). "Biologist spared jail for grant fraud". Nature. 474 (7353): 552. doi:10.1038/474552a. PMID 21720338.
  138. "Retraction Watch Database – Luk Van Parijs". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
  139. "UniversityPost | Independent university journalism". Universitypost.dk. Retrieved 4 August 2013.
  140. Callaway E (2011). "Fraud investigation rocks Danish university". Nature. doi:10.1038/news.2011.703.
  141. "Controversial neuroscientist faces fresh fraud allegations". Online Post. 7 August 2012. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
  142. "Copenhagen revokes degree of controversial neuroscientist Milena Penkowa". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. 12 September 2017. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
  143. "Retraction Watch Database – Penkowa". Retraction Watch. Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  144. Jeneen Interlandi (22 October 2006). "An Unwelcome Discovery". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 November 2012.
  145. "Case Summary – Eric T. Poehlman". US Department of Health and Human Services Office of Research Integrity. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
  146. "12 years after researcher found guilty of misconduct, journal retracts paper". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. 21 June 2017. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
  147. "Findings of Research Misconduct". US Department of Health and Human Services Office of Research Integrity. 9 November 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
  148. "Tenth Potti retraction appears, in Clinical Cancer Research". Retraction Watch. 22 February 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
  149. Kaiser J (9 November 2015). "Potti found guilty of research misconduct". American Association for the Advancement of Science. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
  150. "The Anil Potti retraction record so far". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. 14 February 2012. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
  151. "Retraction Watch Database". Retraction Watch. Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
  152. Pennisi, Elizabeth (31 January 2020). "Spider biologist denies suspicions of widespread data fraud in his animal personality research". Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  153. Semeniuk, Ivan (6 February 2020). "McMaster University researcher under fire for data irregularities". The Globe and Mail. The Globe and Mail Inc. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  154. Viglione, Giuliana (13 February 2020). "'Avalanche' of spider-paper retractions shakes behavioural-ecology community". Nature. Springer Nature Limited. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  155. Oransky, Ivan (11 November 2021). "Behavioral ecologist Jonathan Pruitt's PhD dissertation withdrawn". Retraction Watch. Center of Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  156. "Retraction Watch Database". Retraction Watch. Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
  157. "Top Pain Scientist Fabricated Data in Studies, Hospital Says". Wall Street Journal. 11 March 2009.
  158. "A Medical Madoff: Anesthesiologist Faked Data in 21 Studies". Scientific American. 10 March 2009. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
  159. Edwards J (25 June 2010). "Doc Who Faked Pfizer Studies Gets 6 Months in Prison, Showing Why Gift Bans Are a Good Idea". CBS Interactive Inc. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
  160. "Scott Reuben notches 25th retraction, for a letter to the editor". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. 23 November 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
  161. "Retraction Watch Database". Retraction Watch. Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
  162. Dressler, D; Potter, H (January 1975). "Authors' statement: the existence and nature of "transfer factor/be/". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 72 (1): 409. Bibcode:1975PNAS...72..409D. doi:10.1073/pnas.72.1.409-b. PMC 432317. PMID 1088829.
  163. Dressler, D; Potter, H (February 1975). "Transfer factor: warning on uncertainty of results". Annals of Internal Medicine. 82 (2): 279. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-82-2-279_1. PMID 1115452.
  164. Steinschneider A (October 1972). "Prolonged apnea and the sudden infant death syndrome: clinical and laboratory observations". Pediatrics. 50 (4): 646–654. doi:10.1542/peds.50.4.646. PMID 4342142. S2CID 8561269.
  165. Steinschneider A (June 1994). "Erratum? Prolonged apnea and the sudden infant death syndrome: clinical and laboratory observations". Pediatrics. 93 (6): 944. doi:10.1542/peds.93.6.944. S2CID 245070938.
  166. Hick JF (July 1973). "Sudden infant death syndrome and child abuse". Pediatrics. 52 (1): 147–148. doi:10.1542/peds.52.1.147. PMID 4724436. S2CID 45468323.
  167. Talan, Jamie; Firstman, Richard (1997). The death of innocents. New York: Bantam Books. ISBN 978-0553100136.
  168. Altman L (2 May 2006). "For Science's Gatekeepers, a Credibility Gap". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 March 2008. Recent disclosures of fraudulent or flawed studies in medical and scientific journals have called into question as never before the merits of their peer-review system. The system is based on journals inviting independent experts to critique submitted manuscripts. The stated aim is to weed out sloppy and bad research, ensuring the integrity of what it has published.
  169. Lucey JF (June 1994). "Woman Confesses in Deaths of Children". Pediatrics. 93 (6): 944. doi:10.1542/peds.93.6.944b. S2CID 245090688.
  170. "How Two Baby Deaths Led to a Misguided SIDS Theory". Los Angeles Times. 20 October 1997. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
  171. "Setting The Medical Record Straight". Chicago Tribune. 27 September 1997. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
  172. "Dr. Marc J. Straus, a cancer researcher barred from..." UPI. 21 May 1982. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
  173. "The Commission's Report". The New York Times. 20 May 1982. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
  174. "Doctor Denies Role in Fraud". New York Times. 21 May 2016. Retrieved 20 August 2016.
  175. Altman LK (2 May 2006). "For Science's Gatekeepers, a Credibility Gap". The New York Times.
  176. "The Commission's Report" (PDF). Rikshospitalet. 30 June 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 September 2006. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
  177. "Case Summary: Sudbo, Jon". US Department of Health and Human Services Office of Research Integrity. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
  178. "The Retraction Watch Leaderboard". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. 16 June 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  179. "Retraction Watch Database". Retraction Watch. Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
  180. Lafollette MC (September 2000). "The evolution of the 'scientific misconduct' issue: An historical overview". Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. 224 (4): 211–215. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1373.2000.22423.x. PMID 10964254.
  181. Brody JE (25 May 1974). "Inquiry at Cancer Center Finds Fraud in Research". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
  182. "Skin Deep", review of The Patchwork Mouse, Time magazine, 8 March 1976
  183. Weissmann, Gerald (1 April 2006). "Science fraud: From patchwork mouse to patchwork data". The FASEB Journal. 20 (6): 587–590. doi:10.1096/fj.06-0401ufm. PMID 16581962. S2CID 25604615.
  184. "Dr. Andrew Jeremy Wakefield: Determination on Serious Professional Misconduct (SPM) and Sanction" (PDF). General Medical Council. 24 May 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 August 2011. Retrieved 10 August 2011.
  185. Godlee, F. (6 January 2011). "The fraud behind the MMR scare". BMJ. 342: d22. doi:10.1136/bmj.d22. S2CID 73020733. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
  186. Wakefield AJ, Murch SH, Anthony A, Linnell J, Casson DM, Malik M, Berelowitz M, Dhillon AP, Thomson MA, Harvey P, Valentine A, Davies SE, Walker-Smith JA (2 February 2010). "RETRACTED: Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children". The Lancet. 351 (9103): 637–641. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(97)11096-0. PMID 9500320. S2CID 439791. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
  187. Dyer, C. (2 February 2010). "Lancet retracts Wakefield's MMR paper". British Medical Journal. 340: c696. doi:10.1136/bmj.c696. PMID 20124366. S2CID 43465004. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
  188. "Wakefield Libel Suit Rejected". MedPage Today LLC. 6 August 2012. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
  189. Dyer, C. (6 August 2012). "Texas judge throws out Wakefield's libel action against BMJ". British Medical Journal. 345: e5328. doi:10.1136/bmj.e5328. PMID 22867918. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
  190. "Retraction Watch Database – Andrew Wakefield". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
  191. Cook, Janine Denis. "Good Laboratory Practice versus CLIA". University of Maryland, Baltimore. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
  192. Schneider K (11 May 1983). "IBT Labs' trial reveals faked data". In These Times. pp. 3, 6.
  193. "Retraction: 'Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: a multinational registry analysis'". The Lancet. 4 June 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
  194. Boseley, Sarah; Davey, Melissa (4 June 2020). "Covid-19: Lancet retracts paper that halted hydroxychloroquine trials". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
  195. Mehra, Mandeep R.; Desai, Sapan S.; Kuy, Sreyram; Henry, Timothy D.; Patel, Amit N. (4 June 2020). "Retraction: Cardiovascular Disease, Drug Therapy, and Mortality in Covid-19. N Engl J Med. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2007621". The New England Journal of Medicine. 382 (26): 2582. doi:10.1056/NEJMc2021225. PMC 7274164. PMID 32501665.
  196. Piller, Charles; Servick, Kelly (4 June 2020). "Two elite medical journals retract coronavirus papers over data integrity questions". Science. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
  197. Hopkins, Jared S.; Gold, Russell (4 June 2020). "Hydroxychloroquine Studies Tied to Data Firm Surgisphere Retracted". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
  198. Koshy, Jacob (7 July 2021). "NCBS lab retracts scientific paper after evidence of data fraud". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  199. Joseph, Andrew (30 November 2022). "Stanford is investigating its president over allegations of research misconduct". STAT. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
  202. Baker, Theo (6 March 2023). "'MTL knew': misconduct allegations independently corroborated in private correspondence to special committee". Stanford Daily. Retrieved 6 March 2023.
  203. Saul, Stephanie (19 July 2023). "Stanford President Will Resign After Report Found Flaws in His Research". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  204. Office of Research Integrity (25 June 1993), "Final Findings of Scientific Misconduct", NIH Guide, DHHS, vol. 22, no. 23, retrieved 3 October 2016
  205. Zurer P (9 March 1998). "NSF, Paquette Settle Misconduct Case". Chemical & Engineering News. 76 (10): 25–26. doi:10.1021/cen-v076n010.p025.
  206. Gerstner, Ruth (9 August 1993), Scientific Misconduct Charge Ruled Valid, Ohio State University, archived from the original on 5 October 2016, retrieved 3 October 2016
  207. Yuuta Yano; Nobuhiko Mitoma; Kaho Matsushima; Feijiu Wang; Keisuke Matsui; Akira Takakura; Yuhei Miyauchi; Hideto Ito; Kenichiro Itami (3 December 2020). "Retraction Note: Living annulative π-extension polymerization for graphene nanoribbon synthesis". Nature. 588 (7836): 180. Bibcode:2020Natur.588..180Y. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2950-0. PMID 33239792.
  208. "Research Integrity". JSPS. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  209. Oransky, Ivan. "Misconduct, failure to supervise earn researchers years-long funding bans". Retraction Watch. Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  210. "Retraction Watch Database". Retraction Watch. Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  211. Massachusetts prosecutor tied to Sonja Farak drug lab scandal ‘actively misled others’: Report
  212. "Reports Detail A Massive Case Of Fraud | Latest News | Chemical & Engineering News". pubsapp.acs.org. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  213. Schulz, William G (30 November 2010). "Bengu Sezen Cited For Research Misconduct". Chemical & Engineering News. American Chemical Society. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  214. Rubner, J. German university withdraws doctorate after fraud charge. Nature 382, 104 (1996). https://doi-org.libproxy1.usc.edu/10.1038/382104b0
  215. "Plagiarism". Cs.technion.ac.il. 10 May 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
  216. Abbott A (August 2012). "Romanian scientists fight plagiarism". Nature. 488 (7411): 264–65. Bibcode:2012Natur.488..264A. doi:10.1038/488264a. PMID 22895311.
  217. Attitudes towards plagiarism Archived 28 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine ScienceIn
  218. Romanian Prime Minister Accused of Plagiarism Live Science
  219. Romanian Education and Research Minister Accused of Plagiarism Archived 25 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine iThenticate
  220. Shahabuddin, Syed (2009). "Plagiarism in Academia" (PDF). International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education. 21 (3): 353–59. This paper quotes Boussou, Martello & Plastria (2006) concerning Marcu, including the quote from an unnamed "well-known mathematician" that "Marcu is a notorious plagiarist".
  221. Karl Strambach and Ferdinand D. Veldkamp, "Editorial statement", Geometriae Dedicata 32 (1989), p. 253; see also Zbl 0701.51004 and MR1038400.
  222. Monwar, Maruf; Haque, Waqar; Paul, Padma Polash (2007). "Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles: A New Approach For Rotation Invariant Optical Character Recognition Using Eigendigit". 2007 Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering. IEEE, 2012. pp. 1317–1320. doi:10.1109/CCECE.2007.335. ISBN 978-1-4244-1020-0.
  223. Justin Weinberg (11 November 2020). "Philosopher Revealed as Serial Plagiarist (multiple updates)". Daily Nous. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  224. Lievers, Menno (4 December 2020). "Onthutsend veel overgeschreven, ach ja". NRC. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  225. "Table of contents". Vivarium, Volume 58 (2020): Issue 4 (Oct 2020). Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  226. "The Ontology of Matter". Epekeina. 6 (2). 2015. Please note that the essay "The Identity Conditions of Matter According to William of Ockham" previously published on this issue has been retracted by unappealable decision of Epekeina's Editorial Board.
  227. "Sommaire de ce numéro". Archives d'histoire doctrinale et littéraire du Moyen Âge. 85 (1). 2018. pp 129-148, 'Must the Relation of Substantial Composition Be a Mode? William of Ockham's Answers.' Magali Roques. Article retiré à la demande de l'éditeur.
  228. Roques, Magali (2020). "Retraction Note to: Contingency and Causal Determinism from Scotus to Buridan". Contingency and Natural Order in Early Modern Science. Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science. Vol. 332. SpringerLink. pp. C1–C2. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-67378-3_16. ISBN 978-3-319-67376-9. S2CID 235053994. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
  229. "The Retraction of Articles Due to Plagiarism". Vivarium. 58 (4): 256–274. 2020. doi:10.1163/15685349-12341392. S2CID 240890215.
  230. Hansson, Sven Ove (2023). "How not to deal with plagiarism". Theoria. 89 (2): 151–155. doi:10.1111/theo.12461. ISSN 0040-5825.
  231. "Commission of Enquiry established by the Research Integrity Team of the CNRS – Mandate from the President of the CNRS, Professor Antoine Petit, of 16 November 2020" (PDF). mis.cnrs.fr. Mission pour l'intégrité scientifique. Retrieved 15 July 2021.
  232. Oransky, Ivan. "'A fig leaf that doesn't quite cover up': Commission says philosopher engaged in 'unacknowledged borrowings' but not plagiarism". Retraction Watch. Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 15 July 2021.
  233. "Retraction Watch Database". Retraction Watch. Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
  234. Dougherty, Michael V.; Harsting, Pernille; Friedman, Russell L. (2009). "40 Cases of Plagiarism" (PDF). Bulletin de Philosophie médiévale. 51: 350–391.
  235. "Schulz, Peter". Retraction Watch Database. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  236. "Peter J. Schulz Plagiarizes Again – And Is Caught By Philosophy Prof.'s Class (updated)". Daily Nous. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
  237. "Translation Plagiarism in Philosophy". Daily Nous. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
  238. "University defends researcher accused of plagiarizing former Pope". Retraction Watch. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
  239. "A Case of Extensive Plagiarism". Daily Nous. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
  240. "Widely celebrated Tehran professor accused of plagiarising in Durham PhD dissertation". Palatinate. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
  241. Paglieri, Fabio (2014). "Reflections on Plagiarism". Topoi. 34: 1–5. doi:10.1007/s11245-015-9313-8. S2CID 143226238.
  242. Anderson, Mark. "Telling the Same Story of Nietzsche's Life." Journal of Nietzsche Studies, The 42.1 (2011): 105-120.
  243. What Julian Young Must Do, New APPS: Art, Politics, Philosophy, Science
  244. At Lawrence Berkeley, Physicists Say a Colleague Took Them for a Ride George Johnson, The New York Times, 15 October 2002
  245. "Elements 116 and 118 Were a Sham". American Association for the Advancement of Science. 15 July 2002. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
  246. "Scandal Rocks Scientific Community". Deutsche Welle. 30 September 2002.
  247. "Report of the Investigation Committee on the Possibility of Scientific Misconduct in the Work of Hendrik Schön And coauthors" (PDF). Lucent Technologies. September 2002. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
  248. Purdue physicist found guilty of misconduct, Los Angeles Times, 19 July 2008, Thomas H. Maugh II
  249. "Completion of the procedure against Olivier Voinnet". cnrs.fr (Press release).
  250. "PubMed search; Voinnet and retractions".
  251. "EMBO takes back Voinnet's award, investigates other awardee who just lost a Nature Genetics paper". retractionwatch.com. 28 January 2016. Archived from the original on 15 March 2016.
  252. "Funding Ban for Plant Biologist". the-scientist.com.
  253. "Retraction Watch Database - Olivier Voinnet". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
  254. "Caught Our Notice: Voinnet co-author issues another correction". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. 16 March 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2018.
  255. Bartlett, Tom (21 January 2005). "Theology Professor is Accused of Plagiarism in his Book on Ethics". The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
  256. Bast, Carol M.; Samuels, Linda B. (2008). "Plagiarism and Legal Scholarship in the Age of Information Sharing: The Need for Intellectual Honesty". Catholic University Law Review. 57. 797n78.
  257. "Commissie-Baud onderzoekt beschuldiging wetenschapsfraude". VU nieuws. 29 April 2013.
  258. Michiel Baud, Susan Legêne, and Peter Pels (9 September 2013). "Draaien om de werkelijkheid: Rapport over het antropologisch werk van prof. em. M.M.G. Bax" Archived 28 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  259. "College van Bestuur VU onderschrijft conclusies onderzoekscommissie Baud". VU nieuws, 23 September 2013.
  260. Margry, Peter Jan (27 March 2020). "On Scholarly Misconduct and Fraud, and What We Can Learn from It". Ethnologia Europaea. Open Library of Humanities. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  261. "Retraction Watch Database". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  262. "Second retraction appears for Mart Bax". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. 29 December 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
  263. "Dutch anthropologist Mart Bax faked 61 papers, says university". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. 23 September 2013. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
  264. Shea, Christopher (13 July 2011). "Economist Slammed for 'Concurrent Publications'". The Wall Street Journal.
  265. "Correspondence". Journal of Economic Perspectives. 25 (3): 239. 2011. doi:10.1257/jep.25.3.239.
  266. "Universität Bayreuth erkennt zu Guttenberg den Doktorgrad ab" (PDF) (in German). Universität Bayreuth. 23 February 2011. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  267. "Uni Bayreuth erkennt den Doktortitel ab" (in German). Frankfurter Allgemeine. 24 February 2011. Retrieved 15 January 2014.
  268. "Guttenbergs Erklärung: "Ich habe die Grenzen meiner Kräfte erreicht"". SPIEGEL ONLINE (in German). 2 March 2011. Retrieved 15 January 2014.
  269. "German minister resigns amid plagiarism scandal". The Telegraph. 1 March 2011. Retrieved 15 January 2014.
  270. "German Defence Minister Guttenberg resigns over thesis". BBC News. 1 March 2011. Retrieved 15 January 2014.
  271. Broockman, David; Kalla, Joshua; Aronow, Peter (19 May 2015). "Irregularities in LaCour (2014)" (PDF). Retrieved 30 May 2015.
  272. ""If you think it's rude to ask to look at your co-authors' data, you're not doing science": Guest post". 18 June 2015.
  273. Carey, Benedict (28 May 2015). "Journal Retracts Study on Changing Attitudes on Same-Sex Marriage". New York Times. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
  274. Bohannon, John (2015). "Science retracts gay marriage paper without agreement of lead author La Cour". Science. doi:10.1126/science.aac4659.
  275. "U. revokes hire offer after allegations of publishing falsified data". The Daily Princetonian. 29 July 2015. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
  276. Berlet, Chip. "Into The Mainstream". SPLC. Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
  277. "Retraction notice". Psychological Reports. 23 August 2021. doi:10.1177/00332941211042507. PMID 34424088.
  278. Marcus, Adam. "Journal retracts more articles for being "unethical, scientifically flawed, and based on racist ideas and agenda"". Retraction Watch. Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
  279. "Retraction Watch Database". Retraction Watch. Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
  280. Gretchen Vogel (31 October 2011). "Dutch 'Lord of the Data' Forged Dozens of Studies". Science. Archived from the original on 3 November 2011. Retrieved 2 November 2011.
  281. The Mind of a Con Man: Diederik Stapel, a Dutch social psychologist, perpetrated an audacious academic fraud by making up studies that told the world what it wanted to hear about human nature., NY Times, published 26 April 2013.
  282. "Diederik Stapel now has 58 retractions". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. 8 December 2015. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
  283. "Cornell finds that food marketing researcher Brian Wansink committed misconduct, as he announces retirement". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. 20 September 2018. Retrieved 22 September 2018.
  284. "A Prominent Researcher on Eating Habits Resigned After a Scandal Over His Studies". Time Inc. 21 September 2018. Retrieved 22 September 2018.
  285. "This Ivy League food scientist was a media darling. He just submitted his resignation, the school says". The Washington Post. 20 September 2018. Retrieved 22 September 2018.
  286. "JAMA journals retract six papers by food marketing researcher Brian Wansink". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. 19 September 2018. Retrieved 22 September 2018.
  287. Oransky, Ivan (5 December 2018). "The Joy of Cooking, vindicated: Journal retracts two more Brian Wansink papers". Retraction Watch. Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  288. "Retraction Watch Database - Brian Wansink". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
  289. Dougherty, Michael (27 May 2015). "Plagiarism". thomistica.net. Archived from the original on 4 June 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
  290. "Retraction Watch Database". Retraction Watch. Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
  291. Lee, Stephanie (30 June 2023). "3 of Francesca Gino's Allegedly Fraudulent Studies Will Be Retracted". The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  292. "Harvard Dean Confirms Misconduct in Hauser Investigation". Science. 20 August 2010.
  293. "Marc Hauser's Fall From Grace". The Harvard Crimson. 14 September 2010. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
  294. Johnson, C., 2012. "Former Harvard professor Marc Hauser fabricated, manipulated data, US says". Boston Globe [online] 5 September [Accessed 12 September 2012]
  295. Wade, Nicholas (20 August 2010). "Harvard Finds Scientist Guilty of Misconduct". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  296. Callaway, Ewen (2016). "Publisher pulls 58 articles by Iranian scientists over authorship manipulation". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2016.20916. S2CID 157276511.
  297. "Springer, BMC retracting nearly 60 papers for fake reviews and other issues". Retraction Watch. The Center for Scientific Integrity. 1 November 2016. Retrieved 13 April 2018.
  298. Leingang, Matt (21 August 2006). "Ohio College Stung by Plagiarism Charges". The Washington Post. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
  299. "'Distinguished' No Longer". Inside Higher Ed. 22 February 2008. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
  300. "Ohio University professor Jay Gunasekera settles lawsuit over his role in plagiarism scandal". Academic Jobs. 9 March 2011. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
  301. "Mehta v. Ohio Univ., 2012 Ohio 3677". CourtListener. 6 March 2012. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
  302. "Peer-Review Fraud Scheme Uncovered in China". The Scientist.
  303. "Nearly 500 researchers guilty of misconduct, says Chinese gov't investigation". Retraction Watch. 31 July 2017.
  304. "A new record: Major publisher retracting more than 100 studies from cancer journal over fake peer reviews". Retraction Watch. 20 April 2017.
  305. "Something smells fishy at JCU". Spectator Australia. 18 January 2020. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
  306. "De avslørte at forskeren hadde diktet opp eksperimentet. Da startet kampen for å bli trodd". www.forskerforum.no (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  307. "Fake science on fake fish from James Cook Uni?". JoNova. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
  308. "James Cook University reviews ex-student's 'fishy' findings". The Australian. Retrieved 14 July 2020.(Subscription required.)
  309. "Ex-judge to investigate controversial marine research". Times Higher Education. 8 January 2020. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
  310. "Can you spot the duplicates? Critics say these photos of lionfish point to fraud". Sciencemag. 25 September 2019. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.