1991 SEA Games

The 1991 Southeast Asian Games, officially known as the 16th Southeast Asian Games, was a multi-sport event held in Manila, the Philippines from 24 November to 5 December 1991, with 28 sports featured in the games. This was the second time that the country hosted the games and its first since 1981. It was officially opened by President Corazon Aquino at the Rizal Memorial Stadium in Manila through a colorful opening ceremony. It was the only SEA Games at that time where the overall championship was heavily contested. The deciding medal came from the last sporting event - women's marathon where Indonesia got the gold medal.[1][2]

16th Southeast Asian Games
Host cityManila, Philippines
Motto"Nine Nations, Under an Asian Sun"
Nations9
Events28 sports
Opening24 November 1991
Closing5 December 1991
Opened byCorazon Aquino
President of the Philippines
Torch lighterCarlos Loyzaga
Lydia de Vega
Gerard Cantada
Ceremony venueRizal Memorial Stadium

Four sports (archery, canoeing, sailing, and triathlon) were held in venues in Subic Bay.[3]

Fourteen years after the 1991 SEA Games, the country hosted the 2005 SEA Games. Another 14 years later, the Philippines hosted the 2019 SEA Games, which is the first that the event took place in the whole country.

The logo of 1991 Southeast Asian Games was designed by Ernesto A. Calaguas. The mascot for the Games is a colorful fowl called Kiko Labuyo.[4]

The games

Participating nations
  •  Brunei
  •  Indonesia
  •  Laos
  •  Malaysia
  •  Myanmar
  •  Philippines (Host)
  •  Singapore
  •  Thailand
  •  Vietnam

Sports

Medal table

[5]

Key

  *   Host nation (Philippines)

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Indonesia (INA)928767246
2 Philippines (PHI)*916286239
3 Thailand (THA)728069221
4 Malaysia (MAS)363866140
5 Singapore (SIN)18324595
6 Myanmar (MYA)12162957
7 Vietnam (VIE)7121029
8 Brunei (BRU)0088
9 Laos (LAO)0000
Totals (9 entries)3283273801035

Concerns and controversies
1991 Southeast Asian Games
Reduction of gold medals

The Philippines should have tallied a total of 91 gold medals, but one of the gold medals from boxing was proclaimed unofficial. The said gold medal should have been fought by a Filipino boxer against a Thai boxer, but the latter was found positive in the doping tests. The gold medal was, at first, given to the Philippines, but after a few days, the SEAG Organizing Committee declared that there will be no gold and silver medalists for the said event in boxing because there was no battle fought.

See also

References
  1. Philippine Daily Inquirer December 1992 University of the Philippines Main Library: Microfilm Section
  2. Percy Seneviratne (1993) Golden Moments: the S.E.A Games 1959-1991 Dominie Press, Singapore ISBN 981-00-4597-2
  3. Empeño, Henry (5 July 2019). "SBMA sets P133.5-million upgrade of Subic SEA Games venues". BusinessMirror. Archived from the original on 5 July 2019. Retrieved 5 July 2019.
  4. Castro, Glenda Marie (26 November 2019). "TIMELINE: Philippines as host country in previous SEA Games". Rappler. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
  5. "1991 Southeast Asian Games medal table". Olympic Council of Asia. Archived from the original on 28 October 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
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