Second Manmohan Singh ministry
The Second ministry of Manmohan Singh came into existence after the general election in 2009. The results of the election were announced on 16 May 2009 and led to the formation of the 15th Lok Sabha. Manmohan Singh took the oath as the 13th Prime Minister of India on 22 May 2009, followed by the oath-taking ceremonies of the Council of Ministers in two phases. They remained in office until next election.
Second Manmohan Singh Ministry | |
---|---|
21st ministry of the Republic of India | |
Date formed | 22 May 2009 |
Date dissolved | 26 May 2014 |
People and organisations | |
Head of state | Pratibha Patil (until 25 July 2012) Pranab Mukherjee (from 25 July 2012) |
Head of government | Manmohan Singh |
Member parties | Indian National Congress All India Trinamool Congress Nationalist Congress Party Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Indian Union Muslim League Jammu and Kashmir National Conference |
Status in legislature | Coalition 322 / 545 (59%) |
Opposition party | Bharatiya Janata Party (NDA) |
Opposition leader | Sushma Swaraj (in Lok Sabha) Arun Jaitley (in Rajya Sabha) |
History | |
Election(s) | 2009 |
Outgoing election | 2014 |
Legislature term(s) | 5 years and 4 days |
Predecessor | First Manmohan Singh ministry |
Successor | First Modi ministry |
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(2004–2014) Budgets Legislations
Treaties and accords
Missions and agencies
Controversies
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List of Council of Ministers
Cabinet Ministers
Portfolio | Minister | Took office | Left office | Party | Remarks | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prime Minister Minister of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions Department of Atomic Energy Department of Space Planning Commission And also in-charge of all other important portfolios and policy issues not allocated to any Minister. | 22 May 2009 | 26 May 2014 | INC | |||
Minister of Finance | 23 May 2009 | 27 June 2012 | INC | |||
27 June 2012 | 31 July 2012 | INC | Additional charge. | |||
31 July 2012 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of Agriculture | 23 May 2009 | 19 January 2011 | NCP | The Ministry of Agriculture was merged with the Ministry of Food Processing Industries to form the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Processing Industries. | ||
Minister of Food and Civil Supplies, Consumer Affairs and Public Distribution | 23 May 2009 | 19 January 2011 | NCP | |||
Minister of Food Processing Industries | 28 May 2009 | 19 January 2011 | INC | |||
Minister of Agriculture and Food Processing Industries | 19 January 2011 | 26 May 2014 | NCP | |||
Minister of Defence | 23 May 2009 | 26 May 2014 | INC | |||
Minister of Home Affairs | 23 May 2009 | 31 July 2012 | INC | |||
31 July 2012 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of Railways | 23 May 2009 | 19 May 2011 | TMC | |||
12 July 2011 | 20 March 2012 | TMC | ||||
20 March 2012 | 22 September 2012 | TMC | ||||
22 September 2012 | 28 October 2012 | INC | Additional charge. | |||
28 October 2012 | 11 May 2013 | INC | ||||
11 May 2013 | 16 June 2013 | INC | Additional charge. | |||
17 June 2013 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of External Affairs | 23 May 2009 | 27 October 2012 | INC | |||
28 October 2012 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of Steel | 28 May 2009 | 19 January 2011 | INC | |||
19 January 2011 | 12 July 2011 | INC | Minister of State (I/C) was responsible. | |||
12 July 2011 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises | 28 May 2009 | 19 January 2011 | INC | Minister of State (I/C) was responsible. | ||
19 January 2011 | 27 June 2012 | INC | ||||
27 June 2012 | 14 August 2012 | INC | Additional charge. | |||
14 August 2012 | 28 October 2012 | INC | Additional charge. | |||
Minister of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises | 28 May 2009 | 19 January 2011 | INC | |||
19 January 2011 | 26 May 2014 | NCP | ||||
Minister of Rural Development | 28 May 2009 | 19 January 2011 | INC | |||
19 January 2011 | 12 July 2011 | INC | ||||
12 July 2011 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of Panchayati Raj | 28 May 2009 | 19 January 2011 | INC | |||
19 January 2011 | 12 July 2011 | INC | ||||
12 July 2011 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of Health and Family Welfare | 28 May 2009 | 26 May 2014 | INC | |||
Minister of Power | 28 May 2009 | 31 July 2012 | INC | |||
31 July 2012 | 28 October 2012 | INC | Additional charge. | |||
Minister of Law and Justice | 28 May 2009 | 12 July 2011 | INC | |||
12 July 2011 | 28 October 2012 | INC | ||||
28 October 2012 | 11 May 2013 | INC | ||||
11 May 2013 | 26 May 2014 | INC | Additional charge. | |||
Minister of New and Renewable Energy | 28 May 2009 | 26 May 2014 | JKNC | |||
Minister of Urban Development | 28 May 2009 | 19 January 2011 | INC | |||
19 January 2011 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas | 28 May 2009 | 19 January 2011 | INC | |||
19 January 2011 | 28 October 2012 | INC | ||||
28 October 2012 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of Road Transport and Highways | 28 May 2009 | 19 January 2011 | INC | |||
19 January 2011 | 16 June 2013 | INC | ||||
16 June 2013 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of Overseas Indian Affairs | 28 May 2009 | 26 May 2014 | INC | |||
Minister of Civil Aviation | 28 May 2009 | 19 January 2011 | NCP | Minister of State (I/C) was responsible. | ||
19 January 2011 | 18 December 2011 | INC | ||||
18 December 2011 | 26 May 2014 | RLD | ||||
Minister of Water Resources | 28 May 2009 | 31 May 2009 | INC | |||
31 May 2009 | 14 June 2009 | INC | Additional charge. | |||
14 June 2009 | 19 January 2011 | INC | ||||
19 January 2011 | 12 July 2011 | INC | ||||
12 July 2011 | 28 October 2012 | INC | ||||
28 October 2012 | 2 February 2014 | INC | ||||
2 February 2014 | 26 May 2014 | INC | Additional charge. | |||
Minister of Textiles | 28 May 2009 | 12 July 2011 | DMK | |||
12 July 2011 | 17 June 2013 | INC | ||||
17 June 2013 | 3 April 2014 | INC | ||||
3 April 2014 | 26 May 2014 | INC | Additional charge. | |||
Minister of Communications and Information Technology | 28 May 2009 | 15 November 2010 | DMK | |||
15 November 2010 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of Information and Broadcasting | 28 May 2009 | 27 October 2012 | INC | |||
Minister of Labour and Employment | 28 May 2009 | 17 June 2013 | INC | |||
17 June 2013 | 15 December 2013 | INC | ||||
16 December 2013 | 26 May 2014 | INC | Additional charge. | |||
Minister of Human Resource Development | 28 May 2009 | 28 October 2012 | INC | |||
28 October 2012 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of Mines | 28 May 2009 | 19 January 2011 | INC | |||
19 January 2011 | 28 October 2012 | INC | Minister of State (I/C) was responsible. | |||
28 October 2012 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of Development of North Eastern Region | 28 May 2009 | 12 July 2011 | INC | |||
Minister of Commerce and Industry | 28 May 2009 | 26 May 2014 | INC | |||
Minister of Housing and Urban Poverty Allevation | 28 May 2009 | 28 October 2012 | INC | |||
28 October 2012 | 16 June 2013 | INC | ||||
16 June 2013 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of Tourism | 28 May 2009 | 19 January 2011 | INC | |||
19 January 2011 | 27 October 2012 | INC | ||||
Minister of Culture | 28 May 2009 | 19 January 2011 | INC | Additional charge. | ||
19 January 2011 | 28 October 2012 | INC | ||||
28 October 2012 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports | 28 May 2009 | 19 January 2011 | INC | |||
Minister of Shipping | 28 May 2009 | 26 May 2014 | INC | |||
Minister of Parliamentary Affairs | 28 May 2009 | 28 October 2012 | INC | |||
28 October 2012 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment | 28 May 2009 | 27 October 2012 | INC | |||
28 October 2012 | 29 January 2014 | INC | ||||
29 January 2014 | 26 May 2014 | INC | Additional charge. | |||
Minister of Tribal Affairs | 28 May 2009 | 12 July 2011 | INC | |||
12 July 2011 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers | 28 May 2009 | 21 March 2013 | INC | |||
Minister of Science and Technology Minister of Earth Sciences | 28 May 2009 | 10 November 2010 | INC | Minister of State (I/C) was responsible. | ||
10 November 2010 | 19 January 2011 | INC | Additional charge. | |||
19 January 2011 | 12 July 2011 | INC | ||||
12 July 2011 | 14 August 2012 | INC | ||||
14 August 2012 | 28 October 2012 | INC | Additional charge. | |||
28 October 2012 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of Coal | 28 May 2009 | 19 January 2011 | INC | Minister of State (I/C) was responsible. | ||
19 January 2011 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of Minority Affairs | 28 May 2009 | 19 January 2011 | INC | Minister of State (I/C) was responsible. | ||
19 January 2011 | 28 October 2012 | INC | ||||
28 October 2012 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of Corporate Affairs | 28 May 2009 | 19 January 2011 | INC | Minister of State (I/C) was responsible. | ||
19 January 2011 | 12 July 2011 | INC | ||||
12 July 2011 | 28 October 2012 | INC | ||||
Minister of Statistics and Programme Implementation | 28 May 2009 | 19 January 2011 | INC | Minister of State (I/C) was responsible. | ||
19 January 2011 | 12 July 2011 | INC | ||||
Minister of Drinking Water and Sanitation | 12 July 2011 | 13 July 2011 | INC | Minister of State (I/C) was responsible. | ||
13 July 2011 | 28 October 2012 | INC | Additional charge. | |||
Minister of Environment and Forests | 28 May 2009 | 12 July 2011 | INC | Minister of State (I/C) was responsible. | ||
12 July 2011 | 21 December 2013 | INC | Minister of State (I/C) was responsible. | |||
21 December 2013 | 26 May 2014 | INC | Additional charge. |
Ministers of State (Independent Charge)
A 'Minister of State with independent charge' is a junior Minister in the Federal (State) or Central Government of India but is in charge of a ministry, unlike Minister of State who is also a junior Minister but assists a cabinet minister. All the following ministers are from the Indian National Congress.
Source: Council of Ministers[1]
Ministers of State
Portfolio | Minister | Took office | Left office | Party | Remarks | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Minister of State in the Prime Minister's Office | 28 May 2009 | 10 November 2010 | INC | |||
19 January 2011 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of State in the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions | 28 May 2009 | 10 November 2010 | INC | |||
15 November 2010 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of State in the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers | 28 May 2009 | 21 March 2013 | INC | |||
Minister of State in the Ministry of Railways | 28 May 2009 | 19 January 2011 | IUML | |||
28 May 2009 | 28 October 2012 | INC | ||||
19 January 2011 | 28 October 2012 | INC | ||||
19 May 2011 | 12 July 2011 | TMC | ||||
28 October 2012 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
28 October 2012 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of State in the Ministry of External Affairs | 28 May 2009 | 26 May 2014 | INC | |||
28 May 2009 | 19 April 2010 | INC | ||||
19 January 2011 | 26 May 2014 | IUML | ||||
Minister of State in the Ministry of Home Affairs | 28 May 2009 | 26 May 2014 | INC | |||
28 May 2009 | 19 January 2011 | INC | ||||
19 January 2011 | 12 July 2011 | INC | ||||
12 July 2011 | 28 October 2012 | INC | ||||
28 October 2012 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of State in the Ministry of Planning | 28 May 2009 | 19 January 2011 | INC | |||
19 January 2011 | 28 October 2012 | INC | ||||
28 October 2012 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of State in the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs | 28 May 2009 | 10 November 2010 | INC | |||
28 May 2009 | 12 July 2011 | INC | ||||
19 January 2011 | 12 July 2011 | INC | ||||
12 July 2011 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
12 July 2011 | 28 October 2012 | INC | ||||
20 July 2011 | 28 October 2012 | INC | ||||
Minister of State in the Ministry of Commerce and Industry | 28 May 2009 | 28 October 2012 | INC | |||
28 October 2012 | 11 March 2014 | INC | ||||
2 November 2012 | 21 March 2013 | DMK | ||||
17 June 2013 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of State in the Ministry of Human Resource Development | 28 May 2009 | 28 October 2012 | INC | |||
12 July 2011 | 28 October 2012 | IUML | ||||
28 October 2012 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
28 October 2012 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of State in the Ministry of Textiles | 28 May 2009 | 31 October 2012 | INC | |||
Minister of State in the Ministry of Finance | 28 May 2009 | 26 May 2014 | INC | |||
28 May 2009 | 21 March 2013 | DMK | ||||
17 June 2013 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of State in the Ministry of Defence | 28 May 2009 | 28 October 2012 | INC | |||
28 October 2012 | 29 October 2012 | INC | ||||
28 October 2012 | 31 October 2012 | INC | ||||
29 October 2012 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of State in the Ministry of Urban Development | 28 May 2009 | 22 September 2012 | TMC | |||
28 October 2012 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of State in the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas | 28 May 2009 | 19 January 2011 | INC | |||
19 January 2011 | 28 October 2012 | INC | ||||
31 October 2012 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of State in the Ministry of Steel | 28 May 2009 | 19 January 2011 | INC | |||
Minister of State in the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology | 28 May 2009 | 19 January 2011 | INC | |||
28 May 2009 | 28 October 2012 | INC | ||||
12 July 2011 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
28 October 2012 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of State in the Ministry of Labour and Employment | 28 May 2009 | 19 January 2011 | INC | |||
28 October 2012 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of State in the Ministry of Agriculture | 28 May 2009 | 19 January 2011 | INC | The Ministry of Agriculture was merged with the Ministry of Food Processing Industries to form the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Processing Industries. | ||
Minister of State in the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Processing Industries | 19 January 2011 | 28 October 2012 | INC | |||
19 January 2011 | 12 July 2011 | INC | ||||
12 July 2011 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
28 October 2012 | 26 May 2014 | NCP | ||||
Minister of State in the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution | 28 May 2009 | 19 January 2011 | INC | |||
Minister of State in the Ministry of Power | 28 May 2009 | 19 January 2011 | INC | |||
19 January 2011 | 28 October 2012 | INC | ||||
Minister of State in the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways | 28 May 2009 | 27 October 2012 | INC | |||
28 May 2009 | 19 January 2011 | INC | ||||
19 January 2011 | 28 October 2012 | INC | ||||
19 January 2011 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
28 October 2012 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of State in the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare | 28 May 2009 | 12 July 2011 | TMC | |||
28 May 2009 | 21 March 2013 | DMK | ||||
12 July 2011 | 22 September 2012 | TMC | ||||
28 October 2012 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
17 June 2013 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of State in the Ministry of Rural Development | 28 May 2009 | 22 September 2012 | TMC | |||
28 May 2009 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
28 May 2009 | 27 October 2012 | NCP | ||||
31 October 2012 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of State in the Ministry of Tourism | 28 May 2009 | 22 September 2012 | TMC | |||
Minister of State in the Ministry of Shipping | 28 May 2009 | 20 March 2012 | TMC | |||
31 October 2012 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of State in the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting | 28 May 2009 | 22 September 2012 | TMC | |||
28 May 2009 | 28 October 2012 | DMK | ||||
Minister of State in the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment | 28 May 2009 | 21 March 2013 | DMK | |||
28 October 2012 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
17 June 2013 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of State in the Ministry of Tribal Affairs | 28 May 2009 | 19 January 2011 | INC | |||
28 October 2012 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of State in the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports | 28 May 2009 | 14 June 2009 | INC | |||
14 June 2009 | 19 January 2011 | INC | ||||
Minister of State in the Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises | 28 May 2009 | 14 June 2009 | INC | |||
14 June 2009 | 19 January 2011 | INC | ||||
19 January 2011 | 12 July 2011 | INC | ||||
Minister of State in the Ministry of Water Resources | 28 May 2009 | 27 October 2012 | INC | |||
Minister of State in the Ministry of Minority Affairs | 19 January 2011 | 27 October 2012 | INC | |||
28 October 2012 | 26 May 2014 | INC | ||||
Minister of State in the Ministry of Corporate Affairs | 19 January 2011 | 28 October 2012 | INC | |||
Minister of State in the Ministry of Coal | 19 January 2011 | 26 May 2014 | INC | |||
Minister of State in the Ministry of Science and Technology Minister of State in the Ministry of Earth Sciences | 19 January 2011 | 28 October 2012 | INC | |||
Minister of State in the Ministry of Civil Aviation | 28 October 2012 | 26 May 2014 | INC | |||
Minister of State in the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy | 28 October 2012 | 2 November 2012 | DMK |
Demographics of the Ministers
Ministers by Party
Source: Various news organisations[2][3][4][5]
The new United Progressive Alliance (UPA) included 77 members, 76 members in the cabinet plus Prime Minister Manmohan Singh. The first 20 cabinet ministers including Manmohan Singh, swore in on 22 May 2009, while the other 59 cabinet members swore in on 27 May 2009. The non-Congress cabinet ministers, include Sharad Pawar and Praful Patel from Nationalist Congress Party, Farooq Abdullah from National Conference and Ajit Singh from RLD.
Party | # Cabinet Ministers | # Ministers of State (I) | # Ministers of State | Total number of ministers |
---|---|---|---|---|
Indian National Congress | 28 | 12 | 30 | 71 |
Nationalist Congress Party | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
Jammu and Kashmir National Conference | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Rashtriya Lok Dal | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Indian Union Muslim League | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Total | 32 | 12 | 32 | 77 |
Ministers by States
State | # Cabinet Ministers | # Ministers of State(I) | # Ministers of State | Total number of ministers |
---|---|---|---|---|
Maharashtra | 2 | — | 3 | 5 |
Tamil Nadu | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Andhra Pradesh | 5 | 1 | 5 | 11 |
Kerala | 2 | 1 | 5 | 8 |
Bihar | — | — | — | — |
Madhya Pradesh | 1 | — | 1 | 2 |
Karnataka | 3 | 1 | — | 4 |
Himachal Pradesh | 1 | — | — | 1 |
Haryana | 1 | — | — | 1 |
Odisha | — | 1 | — | 1 |
Jammu and Kashmir | 2 | — | — | 2 |
Punjab | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Delhi | 1 | 2 | — | 3 |
Rajasthan | 2 | — | 4 | 6 |
West Bengal | — | — | 3 | 3 |
Chhattisgarh | — | — | 1 | 1 |
Gujarat | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Puducherry | — | — | 1 | 1 |
Uttar Pradesh | 3 | — | 3 | 6 |
Jharkhand | 1 | — | — | 1 |
Meghalaya | — | — | 2 | 2 |
Uttarakhand | 1 | — | — | 1 |
Assam | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Chandigarh | 1 | — | — | 1 |
Arunachal Pradesh | — | — | — | — |
Goa | — | — | — | — |
Manipur | — | — | — | — |
Mizoram | — | — | — | — |
Nagaland | — | — | — | — |
Sikkim | — | — | — | — |
Tripura | — | — | — | — |
Andaman and Nicobar Islands | — | — | — | — |
Dadra and Nagar Haveli | — | — | — | — |
Daman and Diu | — | — | — | — |
Lakshadweep | — | — | — | — |
Total | 31 | 10 | 32 | 73 |
Entities in the Prime Minister's Office
- From October 2011, the post of Secretary under Prime Ministers office has been eliminated as per policy.
Name | Designation | Rank |
---|---|---|
T. K. A. Nair | Advisor to PM | Minister of State Rank |
Pulok Chatterji | Principal Secretary | |
Shivshankar Menon | National Security Adviser | Minister of State Rank |
Pankaj Pachauri | Communications Adviser | |
R. Ramanujam | Secretary | |
Vikram Misri Shatrughna Singh Vini Mahajan L. K. Atheeq | Joint Secretary | |
Munu Mahawar Dheeraj Gupta Sharmila Joseph Pallavi Jain Arindam Bagchi Rajeev Topno Sanjay Lohiya Krishan Kumar Binoy Job | Director | |
Indu Chaturvedi Jaideep Sarkar K Muthukumar | PMO Personal Staff | |
Gourangalal Das Sanjukta Ray Mehar Jhamb | Deputy Secretary | |
J P Arya | Joint Director | |
P K Bali K Salil Kumar R Mythili | Under Secretary | |
Sources: Office of the PM of India |
Approval Ratings
The approval ratings for the government from 2008 to 2013, according to Gallup polling, are given below.[9]
Year | Approve | Disapprove |
---|---|---|
2008 | 53% | 33% |
2009 | 55% | 35% |
2010 | 57% | 33% |
2011 | 46% | 47% |
2012 | 39% | 47% |
2013 | 30% | 48% |
References
- Council of Ministers | National Portal of India. India.gov.in. Retrieved on 2013-07-18.
- Super Admin (27 May 2009). "Manmohan Singh | Cabinet Expansion | UPA | Congress | NCP | Trinamool Congress | List of Ministers". News.oneindia.in. Retrieved 16 December 2011.
- "59 new ministers inducted in Manmohan's cabinet, gone up to 79". GroundReport. 28 May 2009. Archived from the original on 24 July 2009. Retrieved 16 December 2011.
- 59 ministers sworn in to complete India's new government - Monsters and Critics Archived 2010-07-27 at the Wayback Machine
- Archived 1 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- Front Page : Southern States get a big share. The Hindu (2009-05-29). Retrieved on 2013-07-18.
- Naveen ups the ante over state's share in PM team - Times Of India. Articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com (2009-05-28). Retrieved on 2013-07-18.
- "Council of Ministers – Who's Who – Government: National Portal of India". India.gov.in. 18 August 2011. Retrieved 16 December 2011.
- "India's New Leadership Faces High Expectations". 13 March 2015.