Selichot

Selichot (Hebrew: סְלִיחוֹת, romanized: səlīḥōt, singular: סליחה, səlīḥā) are Jewish penitential poems and prayers, especially those said in the period leading up to the High Holidays, and on fast days. The Thirteen Attributes of Mercy are a central theme throughout these prayers.

Crowd performing Slichot and Annulment of Vows (Hatarat Nedarim) at the Western Wall in Jerusalem.
Selichot prayer leaf (c. 8th–9th century) discovered in the famous Mogao Caves of Dunhuang, Gansu, China in 1908 by Paul Pelliot.

Selichot of the High Holidays

Man reciting Slichot prayers at the Western Wall, 2008
Another man with a shofar during the Slichot prayers, also at the Western Wall.

In the Sephardic tradition, recital of Selichot in preparation for the High Holidays begins on the second day of the Hebrew month of Elul. In the Ashkenazi tradition, in years where the first day of Rosh Hashanah begins on a Thursday or Saturday, Selichot are recited from the Saturday night before Rosh Hashanah. If, however, the first day of Rosh Hashanah falls on a Monday or Tuesday, Selichot are recited from the Saturday night more than a week prior to Rosh Hashanah to ensure that it is recited at least four times. This may be because originally the pious would fast for ten days during the season of repentance, and four days before Rosh Hashanah were added to compensate for the four of the Ten Days of Repentance on which fasting is forbidden – the two days of Rosh Hashanah, Shabbat Shuvah, and the day preceding Yom Kippur—and, while the fasts have since been abandoned, the Selichot that accompanied them have been retained. Alternatively, the Rosh Hashanah liturgy includes the Biblical phrase, "you shall observe a burnt offering", and like an offering which needs to be scrutinised for defects for four days, so too four days of self-searching are needed before the day of judgment.[1]

In the Italian rite, Selichot always begin on a Monday or Thursday shortly before Rosh Hashanah. If Rosh Hashanah falls on Monday, they begin the previous Monday. If Rosh Hashanah falls on a Tuesday, they begin on the Monday eight days before. If Rosh Hashana falls on Thursday, they begin the previous Thursday. If Rosh Hashanah falls on Shabbat, they begin the Monday of that week.[2]

Selichot refers to both the poetic piyyutim that compose the service as well as to the service itself. In most modern Sephardic communities, Selichot services are identical each day. However, some North African communities still recite different Selichot on Mondays, Thursdays and Shabbat, following the order in Siftei Renanot, while keeping the "standard" order on days without Torah Reading.[3] In the Eastern Ashkenazic tradition, although the text and length of specific prayers varies from day to day, the overall format remains the same and is prefaced by Ashrei (Psalms 145) and the Half-Kaddish. In the Western Ashkenazic tradition, there is similarly an overall format, but it begins with Adon Olam or Lecha Hashem Ha'Tzedaka, and the Half-Kaddish follows the first set of the thirteen attributes.[4]

Selichot are usually recited between midnight and dawn. Some recite it at night after the Maariv prayer, or in the morning before Shacharit, due to the convenience of synagogue attendance when a prayer is already taking place there.

The most popular night of Selichot in the Ashkenazi tradition is the first night, when many women and girls as well as men and boys attend the late-night service on Saturday night. In some communities, the hazzan wears a kittel and sings elaborate melodies. In some congregations, it is not unusual for a choir to participate in this first night's service.[5] In the Eastern Ashkenazic tradition, this night also has more Selichot than any other night prior to Rosh Hashanah eve. The other nights are more sparsely attended and those services are often led by a layperson, rather than a trained musician, and with melodies that are less elaborate than the first night.

In addition to the Selichot of the High Holiday period, the recitation of Selichot on Yom Kippur itself is the centerpiece and most important part of the liturgy,[6] recited in all of the prayers of the day. Beginning in the late 19th Century,[7] many communities in Eastern Europe stopped reciting Selichot except at Maariv and Neilah.[8] Western Ashkenazic communities, as well as a small number of Eastern Ashkenazic communities, maintain the recitation of Selichot in all of the prayers of Yom Kippur. Italian rite communities recite Selichot on Yom Kippur in all of the prayers except Musaf. Sephardic communities also recite Selichot at all of the prayers of Yom Kippur, although they recite them after the Chazzan's repetition rather than as a part of it.

Categories of Selichot

Categories of Selichot in the Ashkenazic tradition may include:

  • Selichah (סליחה) – Hebrew for "forgiveness." This is the default Selichah and comprises the vast majority of the Selichot service. These can be subdivided into categories of Sheinya (with two line stanzas), Shelishiya (with three line stanzas) and Shalmonit (with four line stanzas).
  • Pizmon (פזמון) – Hebrew for "chorus." These central Selichot vary according to the day and contain a chorus which is repeated after each stanza.
  • Akeidah (עקידה) – Hebrew for "binding", a word which specifically refers to the Binding of Isaac. This Selichah contains the theme of the Akeidah as a merit for God answering our prayers. It begins to appear on Rosh Hashanah eve and is placed immediately before or after the Pizmon.
  • Chatanu (חטאנו) – Hebrew for "we have sinned." Starting on the evening before Rosh Hashanah [and in the Western rites, even on the first days] and continuing through Yom Kippur, this Selichah is said after the final recitation of the Thirteen Attributes and before the Vidui confessional. It contains as its refrain, "חטאנו צורנו סלח לנו יוצרנו", "We have sinned, our Rock; forgive us, our Creator". Perhaps the most famous Chatanu Selichah is the Eleh Ezkera Martyrology recited in the Eastern Ashkenazic rite during Musaf on Yom Kippur or at other times in other rites, although the recitation of the aforementioned refrain has been partially or entirely abandoned in many communities.
  • Techinah (תחינה) – Hebrew for "petition". This Selichah begins to appear on the eve of Rosh Hashanah and other days in some rites, during Tachnun at the very end of the Selichot service.

Selichot of Fast Days

On minor fast days (including the Fast of Behav), some communities recite Selichot after the conclusion of the Shacharit Amidah.[9][10] The content of these prayers is related to the specific fast day. In some communities (especially Western Ashkenazic communities, but also some Eastern Ashkenazic communities), the older practice is maintained to insert the recitation of the Selichot of minor fast days in the middle of the blessing for forgiveness (סלח לנו כי חטאנו) in the repetition of the Shacharit Amidah.

In Ashkenazic commuinities, Selichot are recited on the Fast of Gedaliah only before the prayer service like the selichot of the High Holidays; in many Sephardic communities, additional selichot are recited after the Amidah just like any other fast day. Selichot are not recited in any community today on the major fast day of Tisha B'Av, although they were recited by the Geonim of Babylonia.[11]

Prayer book Selichot Minhag from Colmar, 1775, made by David Sulzburg, in the collection of the Jewish Museum of Switzerland.  

Selichot on other occasions

In addition to High Holidays and Fast Days, there were communities that recited Selichot on Hoshana Rabbah.[12]

Additionally, in the early modern period, there were "shomerim la-boker societies" which recited Selichot on every day of the year that Tachanun is recited.[13]

Selichot rites

There are at least thirteen Ashkenazic printed rites for selichot:[14]

The following eight are variations of the Western Ashkenazic rite:

  1. Frankfurt and its surroundings[15]
  2. Alsace[16]
  3. Italian Ashkenazim[17]
  4. Nuremberg and Fürth[18]
  5. Switzerland and Swabia[19]
  6. Worms[20]
  7. Cologne[21]
  8. Floß[22]

The following five are variations of the Eastern Ashkenazic rite:

  1. Poland (Polin)[23]
  2. Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia, and Hungary[24]
  3. Lithuania and Samogitia (Lita and Zamut)[25]
  4. Poznań and Grodno[26]
  5. Old Synagogue in Prague[27]

Among 21st century Ashkenazi Jewish communities, the Polin and Lita variations are dominant, although Bohemia is the most common in England. Some associate Lita with Nusach Ashkenaz and Polin with Nusach Sefard, likely because in early 20th Century most Jews in Poland had adopted Nusach Sefard, whereas most Jews in Lithuania maintained Nusach Ashkenaz. However, the differences between Polin and Lita Selichot have origins several hundred years before the advent of Nusach Sefard, and the minhagim were geographic rather than ideological. Chabad recites Selichot according to Nusach Lita because they are from Lithuania, and there are Polish mitnagdim who recite Selichot according to Nusach Polin.

The poems recited in the major variations, with their assigned numbers, are as follows (page numbers in square brackets):

Title Frankfurt[28][29] Bohemia,
Moravia
, Silesia,
Hungary[30]
Lita[31] Polin[32]
Day No. Day No. Day No. Day No.
אָב לְרַחֵם וְרַב סְלוֹחַ חוֹלַלְתָּנוּ 5 of TDR104[28]:338Erev RH37[31]:100
אָבְדוּ חַכְמֵי גָזִית 4 of TDR93[28]:322
אֲבוֹתַי כְּרַבְתָּ רִיבָם 631[28]:70
אָבְלָה נַפְשִׁי FG61[28]:278FG44[30]:64FG48[31]:130FG44[32]:301
אָדוֹן, בִּינָה הַגִיגֵנוּ 16[28]:182 of TDR67[31]:165
אָדוֹן, בְּפָקְדְךָ אֱנוֹשׁ לַבְּקָרִים Erev RH38[28]:84Erev RH29[30]:40Erev RH34[31]:95Erev RH29[32]:234
אָדוֹן, בְּפָקְדְךָ אֱנוֹשׁ לַבְּקָרִים Erev YK113[28]:353Erev YK88[30]:106Erev YK98[31]:218Erev YK86[32]:476
אָדוֹן, בְּשָׁפְטְךָ אֱנוֹשׁ רִמָּה Erev RH39[28]:85Erev RH28[30]:39Erev RH35[31]:97Erev RH30[32]:237
אָדוֹן, בְּשָׁפְטְךָ אֱנוֹשׁ רִמָּה Erev YK114[28]:353
אָדוֹן, דִּין אִם יְדֻקְדַּק Erev RH48[28]:99Erev RH34[30]:44Erev RH28[32]:232
אָדוֹן, דִּין אִם יְדֻקְדַּק Erev YK122[28]:353Erev YK89[30]:106Erev YK99[31]:218Erev YK85[32]:474
אָדוֹן, מוֹעֵד כְּתִקַּח Erev RH40[33][28]:86Erev RH25[30]:35Erev RH25[31]:67Erev RH27[32]:230
אָדוֹן, מוֹעֵד כְּתִקַּח Erev YK112[28]:353
אָדוֹן, מִשְׁפָּט בְּקִרְבָּךְ 736[28]:81
אָדָם אֵיךְ יִזְכֶּה Erev RH33[30]:43Erev RH32[32]:241
אֲדֹנָי שְׁמָעָה אֲדֹנָי סְלָחָה 420[28]:49
אַהֲבַת עִזּוּז וְתוֹקֶף חִבָּה Erev YK126[28]:3535 of TDR86[30]:104
אֹהֶל שִׁכֵּן אִם רִקֵּן 4 of TDR96[28]:327
אוֹדֶה עֲלֵי פִשְׁעִי 4 of TDR98[28]:329
אֱוִילֵי הַמַּתְעֶה מַרְגִּיז וּמַחֲטִיא Erev RH32[30]:42
אֱוִילֵי מִדֶּרֶךְ פִּשְׁעָם 5 of TDR108[28]:344
אִוִּיתִיךָ קִוִּיתִיךָ מֵאֶרֶץ מֶרְחַקִּים 418[28]:4627[30]:1826[31]:33514[32]:155
אוֹמֶץ יוֹסִיף טְהוֹר יָדַיִם 5 of TDR83[30]:1015 of TDR91[31]:208
אוֹרַח צְדָקָה FG64[28]:282
אוֹרְךָ וַאֲמִתְּךָ שְׁלַח Erev RH47[28]:972 of TDR55[30]:74FG50[31]:133FG46[32]:306
אוֹרְךָ וַאֲמִתְּךָ שְׁלַח Erev YK121[28]:353
אָז בְּהַר מוֹר 5 of TDR106[28]:341Erev RH39[30]:505 of TDR92[31]:211FG49[32]:314
אָז טֶרֶם נִמְתְּחוּ נִבְלֵי שְׁכָבִים 5 of TDR100[28]:332FG42[30]:62FG46[31]:126FG42[32]:294
אָז קַשְׁתִּי וְחַרְבִּי 421[28]:50
אֱזוֹן תַּחַן 524[28]:575 of TDR84[30]:1035 of TDR89[31]:2045 of TDR81[32]:453
אָזְנְךָ הַטֵּה וְהַקְשֵׁב 5 of TDR80[30]:98
אֶזְעַק אֶל אֶלֹהִים קוֹלִי 3 of TDR64[30]:84Erev RH36[31]:982 of TDR55[32]:342
אֶזְרָחִי הֵעִיר מִמִזְרָח 3 of TDR74[31]:178
אֶזְרָחִי מֵעֵבֶר הַנָּהָר FG66[28]:2854 of TDR76[30]:952 of TDR65[31]:1633 of TDR66[32]:385
אַיֵּה כָּל נִפְלְאוֹתֶיךָ הַגְּדוֹלוֹת וְהַנּוֹרָאוֹת 314[28]:40412[30]:22412[31]:42412[32]:138
אַיֵּה קִנְאָתְךָ וּגְבוּרֹתֶךָ 26[30]:17618[31]:54515[32]:157
אֲיַחֵד צוּרִי בְּרוֹב הוֹדָאוֹת FG56[31]:145
אֵיךְ אוּכַל לָבֹא עָדֶיךָ 4 of TDR91[28]:3182 of TDR64[31]:1603 of TDR64[32]:379
אֵיךְ נִפְתַּח פֶּה לְפָנֶיךָ 11[34][28]:711[30]:611[31]:811[32]:63
אֵיךְ נִפְתַּח פֶּה לְפָנֶיךָ FG60[28]:278
אֵיכָכָה אֶפְצֶה פֶּה 5 of TDR103[28]:336Erev RH24[31]:65Erev RH24[32]:215
אֵין כְּמִדַּת בָּשָׂר מִדָּתֶךָ 312[28]:36515[30]:2538[31]:3526[32]:100
אֵין מִי יִקְרָא בְצֶדֶק 522[28]:5312[30]:812[31]:1112[32]:69
אֵין תְּלוּיָה לְרֹאשׁ 721[30]:30
אֵיתָן לִמַּד דַּעַת 2 of TDR76[28]:2993 of TDR67[30]:864 of TDR83[31]:1952 of TDR58[32]:352
אַךְ בְּךָ לַדָּל מָעוֹז Erev RH43[28]:91Erev RH31[30]:41Erev RH31[32]:239
אַךְ בְּךָ לַדָּל מָעוֹז Erev YK117[28]:353
אַךְ בְּךָ מִקְוֵה יִשְׂרָאֵל 4 of TDR92[28]:3202 of TDR61[31]:1533 of TDR61[32]:369
אַךְ בְּמֵתַח דִּין Erev RH41[28]:88Erev RH30[30]:41Erev RH33[32]:244
אַךְ בְּמֵתַח דִּין Erev YK115[28]:353
אֶל אֱלוֹהַּ דָּלְפָה עֵינִי Erev RH27[30]:37Erev RH28[31]:72Erev RH26[32]:223
אֶל אֱלֹקִים אֶצְעֲקָה בְּמִלּוּלִי Erev YK128[28]:356
אֵל אֱמוּנָה עֶזְרָה הָבָה Erev RH29[31]:77Erev RH34[32]:246
אַל בְּאַפְּךָ פֶּן תַּמְעִיט Erev RH44[28]:92
אַל בְּאַפְּךָ פֶּן תַּמְעִיט Erev YK118[28]:353
אֶל הַר הַמּוֹר 3 of TDR86[28]:3122 of TDR58[30]:775 of TDR83[32]:458
אַל יִמְעַט לְפָנֶיךָ 722[30]:31
אֵל נָא רְפָא נָא 526[28]:60
אַל נָא תְּיַסֵּר בָּאֵי עָדֶיךָ Erev RH42[28]:90
אַל נָא תְּיַסֵּר בָּאֵי עָדֶיךָ Erev YK116[28]:353
אַל תָּבוֹא בְּמִשְׁפָּט עִמָּנוּ Erev RH37[32]:260
אֵלֶה אֶזְכְּרָה Erev RH55[28]:113
אֵלֶיךָ ה' אֶקְרָא אָיוֹם 627[28]:614 of TDR69[32]:401
אֵלֶיךָ ה' שִׁוַּעְתִּי 2 of TDR75[28]:2984 of TDR72[30]:903 of TDR62[32]:374
אֵלֶיךָ הָאֵל 3 of TDR70[31]:168
אֵלֶיךָ לֵב וָנֶפֶשׁ 2 of TDR70[28]:2903 of TDR60[30]:802 of TDR60[31]:1522 of TDR52[32]:334
אֵלֶיךָ נְשׂוּאוֹת עֵינֵינוּ 417[28]:4539[32]:120
אֵלֶיךָ צוּרִי כַּפַּיִם שִׁטַחתִּי Erev RH41[31]:108
אֵלְכָה וְאָשׁוּבָה 3 of TDR63[30]:832 of TDR54[32]:338
אֱלֹקַי בּוֹשְׁתִּי 2 of TDR52[30]:71
אֱלֹקִים אֲדֹנָי חֵילִי 4 of TDR73[30]:915 of TDR90[31]:206
אֱלֹקִים אֵין בִּלְתֶּךָ Erev RH46[28]:95FG46[30]:662 of TDR63[31]:1583 of TDR63[32]:376
אֱלֹקִים אֵין בִּלְתֶּךָ Erev YK120[28]:353
אֱלֹקִים אַל דֳּמִי לְדָמִי Erev RH50[28]:102
אֱלֹקִים אַל דֳּמִי לְדָמִי Erev YK124[28]:353
אֱלֹקִים אַל דֳּמִי, אֵל נִקְשָׁר בִּשְׁמִי 5 of TDR105[28]:339
אֱלֹקִים בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל גָּדוֹל נוֹדָעְתָּ 733[28]:75515[31]:485 of TDR78[32]:441
אֱלֹקִים יִרְאֶה לּוֹ שֶׂה Erev RH30[31]:80
אִם אָמְרִי אֶשְׁכְּחָה 3 of TDR81[28]:304516[30]:25
אִם אָפֵס רֹבַע הַקֵּן FG49[30]:69FG52[31]:1374 of TDR74[32]:420
אִם עֲו‍ֹנֵינוּ עָנוּ בָנוּ 630[28]:67722[31]:60
אִם עֲוֹנֵינוּ רַבּוּ לְהַגְדִּיל 29[28]:3213[30]:925[31]:3125[32]:98
אָמוֹן פִּתְחֵי תְשׁוּבָה 5 of TDR96[31]:216
אֱמוּנִים בְּנֵי מַאֲמִינִים Erev RH52[28]:106
אָמְנָם אֲנַחְנוּ חָטָאנוּ וְהֶעֱוִינוּ 4 of TDR79[31]:184
אִמַּנְתָּ מֵאָז FG62[28]:279FG45[30]:65FG49[31]:131FG45[32]:303
אָמַרְנוּ נִגְזַרְנוּ לָנוּ 3 of TDR84[28]:3094 of TDR74[30]:932 of TDR56[32]:344
אֱמֶת אַתָּה הוּא רִאשׁוֹן Erev RH31[31]:83
אָנָּא הַבֵּט Erev RH58[28]:119
אָנָּא הַבֵּט Erev YK130[28]:360
אָנָּא עוֹרְרָה אַהֲבָתְךָ Erev RH26[30]:36Erev RH27[31]:70Erev RH25[32]:218
אֱנוֹשׁ, בַּמֶּה יִצְדַּק 5 of TDR101[28]:3333 of TDR62[30]:82
אֱנוֹשׁ, עַד דַּכָּא תָּשֵׁב 3 of TDR82[28]:3053 of TDR61[30]:80
אֲנַחְנוּ הַחֹמֶר וְאַתָּה יוֹצְרֵנוּ 2 of TDR54[30]:73720[32]:193
אֲנִי בְּרֹב חַסְדְּךָ 2 of TDR71[28]:2915 of TDR77[32]:437
אֲנִי יוֹם אִירָא אֵלֶיךָ אֶקְרָא 28[28]:30618[30]:2739[31]:37411[32]:135
אֲנִי עַבְדְּךָ בֶּן אֲמָתֶךָ Erev RH53[28]:108
אֲנִי קְרָאתִיךָ 411[31]:412 of TDR53[32]:336
אֶנְקַת מְסַלְדֶיךָ Erev RH43[31]:122
אַנְשֵׁי אֲמָנָה אָבָדוּ 12[28]:11
אַנְשֵׁי אֲמָנָה עָבָרוּ 13[28]:13
אָפֵס הוֹד כְּבוֹדָהּ 5 of TDR102[28]:335721[31]:59
אֶקְרָא אֶל אֱלֹקִים קוֹלִי 3 of TDR85[28]:311
אֶקְרָא בְשִׁמְךָ לְהַחֲזִיק בָּךְ 39[30]:19617[31]:52
אַרְבָּעָה אבוֹת נְזִיקִין הֵן 4 of TDR80[31]:186
אָרִיד בְּשִׂיחִי 316[28]:434 of TDR85[31]:198
אַרְיֵה בַיַּעַר דָּמִיתִי 3 of TDR83[28]:308413[30]:232 of TDR62[31]:156721[32]:196
אָרְכוּ הַיָּמִים 523[28]:55618[32]:175
אַרְכָן וְקַצְרָן 628[28]:63
אֲשַׁם בַּעֲלֵי אַשְׁמָה 2 of TDR53[30]:72
אֶשְׁמְרָה אֵלֶיךָ עֻזִּי 3 of TDR88[28]:314
אֶשְׁפּוֹךְ שִׂיחִי לְפָנֶיךָ צוּרִי Erev RH49[28]:100
אֶשְׁפּוֹךְ שִׂיחִי לְפָנֶיךָ צוּרִי Erev YK123[28]:353
אֵשֶׁת נְעוּרִים הָאֲהוּבָה 4 of TDR69[30]:884 of TDR78[31]:184
אֶת ה' בְּהִמָּצְאוֹ 2 of TDR72[28]:293FG43[30]:63FG47[31]:128FG43[32]:298
אֶת הַקּוֹל קוֹל יַעֲקֹב נוֹהֵם Erev RH51[28]:105
אֶת הַקּוֹל קוֹל יַעֲקֹב נוֹהֵם Erev YK125[28]:353
אֶת פְּנֵי מֵבִין יוֹדְעֵי דִּין דָּל 732[28]:73
אֶת צוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי FG63[28]:280
אַתָּה אֱלֹקַי מַלְכִּי מִקֶּדֶם 4 of TDR70[30]:88
אַתָּה הָרוֹאֶה בְּעֶלְבּוֹן נֶעֱלָבִים 5 of TDR79[30]:97
אַתָּה חֶלְקִי וְצוּר לְבָבִי 4 of TDR95[28]:3255 of TDR82[30]:1004 of TDR81[31]:1895 of TDR79[32]:444
אַתָּה מִקֶּדֶם אֱלֹהֵינוּ 313[28]:384 of TDR70[32]:406
בְּאַשְׁמֹרֶת הַבֹּקֶר קְרָאתִיךָ אֵל מְהֻלָּל 3 of TDR87[28]:313414[30]:242 of TDR66[31]:164413[32]:139
בֵּין כֶּסֶה לֶעָשׂוֹר 2 of TDR57[30]:764 of TDR84[31]:1972 of TDR57[32]:349
בְּמוֹצָאֵי מְנוּחָה קִדַּמְנוּךָ תְּחִלָּה 15[28]:1715[30]:1014[31]:1614[32]:78
בְּתוּלַת בַּת יְהוּדָה 619[30]:28720[31]:57
גָּדוֹל עֲוֹנִי וְלַחֲטוֹא הוֹסַפְתִּי 2 of TDR78[28]:302
גְרוֹנִי נִחַר זוֹעֵק חָמָס FG59[31]:150
ה' אֱלֹהֵי הַצְבָאוֹת Erev RH37[28]:83Erev RH24[30]:33Erev RH23[31]:62Erev RH23[32]:211
ה' אֱלֹקֵי הַצְבָאוֹת נוֹרָא בָעֶלְיוֹנִים Erev YK111[28]:352
ה' אֱלֹקֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל 734[28]:764 of TDR71[30]:895 of TDR88[31]:203
ה' אֱלֹקַי רַבַּת צְרָרוּנִי Erev RH45[28]:93
ה' אֱלֹקַי רַבַּת צְרָרוּנִי Erev YK119[28]:353
ה' ה' אֵל רַחוּם 525[28]:585 of TDR85[30]:1035 of TDR93[31]:2135 of TDR82[32]:456
ה' שׁוֹמְרִי לְבֵיתְךָ נָאֲוָה 5 of TDR110[28]:350
הוֹרֵיתָ דֶרֶךְ תְּשׁוּבָה FG67[28]:287FG48[30]:67FG53[31]:139FG48[32]:311
וּבְכֵן יְהִי רָצוֹן מִלְּפָנֶיךָ Erev RH57[28]:118
זְכוֹר בְּרִית אַבְרָהָם Erev RH56[28]:117Erev RH40[30]:51Erev RH42[31]:111Erev RH40[32]:267
זְכוֹר בְּרִית אַבְרָהָם Erev YK129[28]:360
זְכוֹר בְּרִית אַבְרָהָם FG54[31]:140FG50[32]:318
זְכוֹר בְּרִית אַבְרָהָם 5 of TDR95[31]:216
חוֹקֵר הַכֹּל וְסוֹקֵר 620[30]:29413[31]:44
חָטָאנוּ צוּרֵנוּ 5 of TDR94[31]:214
חַיִּים אֲרוּכִים Erev RH32[31]:86Erev RH35[32]:250
חָנֵּנוּ ה' חָנֵּנוּ 723[30]:33619[32]:180
יוֹשֵׁב בְּגָבְהֵי מְרוֹמִים 211[28]:343 of TDR76[31]:181
יוֹשֵׁב בְּסֵתֶר עֶלְיוֹן 4 of TDR75[30]:94619[31]:55722[32]:198
יַחְבִּיאֵנוּ צֵל יָדוֹ 517[30]:263 of TDR65[32]:382
יַעֲזוֹב רָשָׁע נְתִיבוֹ FG57[31]:147
יָקרוּ רֵעֶיךָ רַב מְחוֹלֵל FG55[31]:142
יְרוּשָׁלַיִם אֶת ה' 3 of TDR73[31]:173
יֵרָצֶה צוֹם עַמְּךָ Erev YK127[28]:355Erev YK90[30]:106Erev YK100[31]:220Erev YK87[32]:479
יַשְׁמִיעֵנוּ סָלַחְתִּי 3 of TDR66[30]:85516[31]:504 of TDR73[32]:417
יִשְׂרָאֵל נוֹשַׁע בַּה' תְּשׁוּעַת עוֹלָמִים 315[28]:4228[30]:1827[31]:34310[32]:122
יִשְׂרָאֵל עַמְּךָ תְּחִנָּה עוֹרְכִים 27[28]:29514[31]:4638[32]:118
כִּי הִנֵּה כַּחוֹמֶר 5 of TDR107[28]:343
כִּסֵּא כוֹנֵן בְּחַסְדֶּךָ FG68[28]:288
לְךָ אֲדֹנָי הַצְּדָקָה תִּלְבֹּשֶׁת 735[28]:79
מַלְאֲכֵי רַחֲמִים מְשָׁרְתֵי עֶלְיוֹן 210[28]:33310[31]:3927[32]:104
מֶלֶךְ אֶחָד יִהְיֶה Erev RH36[30]:45Erev RH33[31]:92
מֶלֶךְ מְלָכִים 2 of TDR79[28]:3034 of TDR77[30]:964 of TDR86[31]:2004 of TDR75[32]:428
מְפַלְטִי אֵלִי צוּרִי Erev RH39[31]:104Erev RH39[32]:263
מִקְוֵה יִשְׂרָאֵל מוֹשִׁיעוֹ 2 of TDR73[28]:2945 of TDR87[30]:1055 of TDR97[31]:2185 of TDR84[32]:467
מְרֻבִּים צָרְכֵי עַמְּךָ Erev RH26[31]:68
עַם ה' חִזְקוּ וְנִתְחַזְּקָה 3 of TDR80[28]:3045 of TDR78[30]:965 of TDR87[31]:2015 of TDR76[32]:435
רוֹעֶה יִשְׂרָאֵל הַאֲזִינָה 2 of TDR77[28]:301
שֶׁבֶת הַכִּסֵּא 3 of TDR89[28]:3163 of TDR68[30]:872 of TDR68[31]:1673 of TDR67[32]:392
שׁוֹמַמְתִּי בְּרוֹב יְגוֹנִי FG65[28]:284Erev RH35[30]:443 of TDR72[31]:1714 of TDR71[32]:411
שׁוֹפֵט כָּל הָאָרֶץ Erev RH54[28]:112Erev RH38[30]:49Erev RH40[31]:107Erev RH38[32]:261
שׁוֹשַׁנַּת וֶרֶד 4 of TDR68[32]:399
שַׁחַר קַמְתִּי 4 of TDR97[28]:328311[30]:213 of TDR75[31]:179516[32]:160
שִׁחַרְנוּךָ בִּקַּשְׁנוּךָ 4 of TDR90[28]:3172 of TDR51[30]:713 of TDR69[31]:1673 of TDR60[32]:367
שָׁלוֹם תִּשְׁפּוֹת לָנוּ 4 of TDR82[31]:192
שְׁלֹשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה מִדּוֹת הָאֲמוּרוֹת בַּחֲנִינָה Erev RH37[30]:47Erev RH38[31]:101Erev RH36[32]:256
שַׁעֲרֵי שָׁמַיִם 4 of TDR99[28]:3312 of TDR59[30]:793 of TDR77[31]:1822 of TDR59[32]:359
תָּא שְׁמַע מָרָא דְעָלְמָא 5 of TDR109[28]:346
תָּבֹא לְפָנֶיךָ שַׁוְעַת חִנּוּן 14[28]:1414[30]:913[31]:1413[32]:75
תּוֹחֶלֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל 2 of TDR74[28]:2962 of TDR56[30]:755 of TDR80[32]:448
תּוֹרָה הַקְּדוֹשָׁה FG69[28]:289FG50[30]:69FG58[31]:148FG51[32]:325
תַּחֲרוּת רֹגֶז הָנִיחַ 3 of TDR65[30]:844 of TDR72[32]:414
תַּעֲנִית צִבּוּר קָבְעוּ 629[28]:65
תַּעֲרוֹג אֵלֶיךָ כְּאַיָּל 419[28]:47310[30]:203 of TDR71[31]:169617[32]:172
תְּפִלָּה תִקַּח Erev RH59[28]:120Erev RH41[30]:59Erev RH44[31]:123Erev RH41[32]:278
תָּשׁוּב תְּרַחֲמֵנוּ 4 of TDR94[28]:324FG47[30]:67FG51[31]:135FG47[32]:309
תְּשׁוּבָה חַשׁוּבָה קְדוּמָה 5 of TDR81[30]:99

References

  1. Rabbi Raymond Apple. "Soul Searching in the Selichot". oztorah.com.
  2. Machzor Shadal, Livorno 1856, Volume 2, Folio 1a.
  3. "סליחות – ג'רבא ולוב- שפתי רננות -". Archived from the original on 25 August 2017. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  4. היידנהיים, וולף; Cohen, Shalom ben Jacob (1 January 1833). "סדר סליחות מכול השנה כמנהג אשכנז". ג. להרברגר via Google Books.
  5. What Are Selichot?
  6. See Jacob ben Asher, Tur OC 620.
  7. Daniel Goldschimdt, Yom Kippur Machzor, page 13 if the introduction.
  8. A practice very strongly criticized by Rabbi Yechiel Michel Epstein in Aruch Hashulchan OC 620:1.
  9. Rabbi Naftali Silberberg. "What are "Selichot" and when are they recited?". AskMoses.com.
  10. "Selichot, Basic Questions & Answers". ou.org.
  11. Daniel Goldschmidt, Kinot, pages 7–8 of the introduction.
  12. See Machzor Kol Bo.
  13. See the order of one such group here. See also the Shlomo Zalman Geiger, Divre Kehilot, who describes such a group that had once existed in Frankfurt.
  14. Goldschmidt, Daniel (1970). Machzor leyamim hanoraim – Yom kippur (in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Koren. p. xiii.
  15. See this scan of the selichot according to this rite.
  16. See this scan of the selichot according to this rite.
  17. See this scan of the selichot according to this rite.
  18. See this scan of the selichot according to this rite.
  19. See this scan of the selichot according to this rite.
  20. See this book which lists the differences between this rite and the Frankfurt rite above, and contains those piyyutim which do not appear in the Frankfrut rite.
  21. Only one known copy of this printing survives, and it is found in the Bodleian Library. The National Library of Israel has a photocopy of the original, and it has been scanned and is available on Wikicommons
  22. See this scan of the selichot according to this rite.
  23. See this scan of the selichot according to this rite.
  24. See this scan of the selichot according to this rite.
  25. See this scan of the selichot according to this rite.
  26. See this scan of the selichot according to this rite (the link is to Otzar Ha-chochmah, available by subscription only).
  27. See this scan of the selichot according to this rite.
  28. Machzor – Chelek rishon keminhag kk. ashkenazim (in Hebrew). Homburg. 1737.
  29. Seder selichot mikol hashana keminhag ashkenaz (in Hebrew). Rödelheim: Lehrberger. 1833.
  30. Selichot leyamim noraim keminhag Ungarn, Mehren, Behmen, Shlezien vekhol Gelilot (in Hebrew). Vienna: Schlesinger. 1929.
  31. Seder selichot keminhag Lita, Reysin veZamut (in Hebrew). Vilna: Romm. 1879.
  32. Seder selichot meforeshot Beer Yaakov keminhag Polin (in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Feldheim. 1995.
  33. Different word order: אָדוֹן, כְּתִקַּח מוֹעֵד
  34. Only in few congregations
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