Semuel Jusof Warouw

Born in 1900,[1] he was of Minahasan descent.[2] Warouw was educated at the Batavia Medical College (STOVIA), where he chaired an association of Minahasan students.[3] He was an ophthalmologist by training, and also worked as a civil servant.[4] In the 1930s, he had been elected to the city council of Manado. He advocated for a federal Indonesian state with strong Dutch ties, publishing a manifesto in 1946.[2]

When the State of East Indonesia (NIT) was established in December 1946, Warouw was working at the health bureau of Manado as a physician, and he was appointed Minister of Health in the cabinets of Nadjamuddin Daeng Malewa.[5] During Nadjamuddin's trip to New York City in mid-1947, he was appointed acting prime minister.[4] The Nadjamuddin cabinet collapsed due to a corruption scandal in late September, and Warouw was appointed as the next formateur on 8 October 1947.[6] While he managed to form a cabinet by 11 October (in which he continued to hold the office of Minister of Health),[6] Warouw was politically unaffiliated and had little political experience.[4]

Warouw had openly supported the continuation of Dutch sovereignty over Indonesia, in direct opposition to a significant faction within the NIT's legislature, and he supported Dutch military actions against the Indonesian Republicans. This was exarcebated by him being a Christian, which made Islamist groups and representatives from South Sulawesi distrust him. In governing, he also tended to bypass parliamentary ratification, which did not sit well with legislators.[7] By 9 December, a motion of faith in the government had been defeated, resulting in Warouw resigning as Prime Minister.[8] Warouw would remain Minister of Health in the succeeding cabinet of Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung,[9] until his replacement on 12 January 1949.[10] During Dutch-Indonesian negotiations in 1949, he promoted Minahasan independence to gain political leverage, but this did not amount to much, and he returned to medicine after the transfer of sovereignty.[11]

Starting in 1956, he joined Hasanuddin University's faculty of medicine, his focus being on eye diseases and neurology.[12] He later also headed Sulawesi's ophthalmological hospital.[13] He was appointed the first president of the Christian University of Indonesia - Tomohon in 1964.[11]

He died on 22 October 1983.[14]