Gelora Bung Karno Sports Complex

Bung Karno Sports Arena (Indonesian: Kompleks Gelanggang Olahraga Bung Karno, known as Gelora Bung Karno Sports Complex), formerly named Senayan Sports Arena (Indonesian: Gelanggang Olahraga Senayan) from 1969 to 2001 and Asian Games Complex (Indonesian: Kompleks Asian Games) on its early days, is a sports complex located in Gelora, Central Jakarta, Indonesia. It is usually misperceived to be located at Senayan, South Jakarta, hence its former name. The sports complex hosts main stadium, secondary stadium, the Sports Palace, football fields, aquatic stadium, tennis stadiums (indoor and outdoor), hockey, baseball and archery fields, and several indoor gymnasiums. The complex was built in 1960 for the 1962 Asian Games and recently underwent a major reconstruction for the 2018 Asian Games and Asian Para Games.

Gelora Bung Karno Sports Complex
Kompleks Gelanggang Olahraga Bung Karno
The main stadium and the secondary stadium on its left, 2005
Full nameGelanggang Olahraga Bung Karno
Former namesAsian Games Complex[lower-alpha 1]
LocationGelora, Central Jakarta, Indonesia
Coordinates6°13′6.88″S 106°48′9.04″E
Main venueGelora Bung Karno Main Stadium
Capacity: 77,193[1]
Other sports facilitiesMadya Stadium
Aquatic Stadium
Sports Palace
Tennis Indoor
Tennis Outdoor
Baseball Stadium
Softball Field
Rugby Field
Archery Field
Squash Stadium
Indonesia Arena
Public transit
OwnerGovernment of Indonesia[lower-alpha 2]
OperatorPusat Pengelolaan Komplek Gelora Bung Karno (PPKGBK, Gelora Bung Karno Complex Management Center)
Construction
Broke ground8 February 1960
Built1960–1962
Opened1961–1962
Renovated2016–2018
Closed2016–2018
Reopened2018
Construction cost$12,500,000 (1958)
Rp3,5 trillion (renovation)
Website
gbk.id

The sports complex host a main stadium with a capacity of 77,193 seats,[1] athletic stadium, football fields, aquatic stadium, tennis stadiums (indoor and outdoor), hockey, baseball and archery fields, and several indoor gymnasiums. It is named after Sukarno, Indonesia's first president and the sitting president during its development and initial opening.[2] Built over 279-hectares land, it is the largest sports complex in Indonesia, as well as in Southeast Asia.[3] The Gelora Bung Karno Stadium is the main building within this sports complex. The abbreviation Gelora also means "vigorous" (like the flame or ocean wave) in Indonesian language. Other than hosting numbers of sports facilities, the sports complex is also a popular place for people of Jakarta to do physical exercises; jogging, bicycling, aerobics and calisthenics especially during weekend.

History
President Sukarno

After the Asian Games Federation declared Jakarta to host the 1962 Asian Games in 1958, the minimum requirement that yet to be met by the Jakarta was the availability of a multi-sport complex. In response to this, President Sukarno issued Presidential Decree No. 113/1959 dated 11 May 1959 about the establishment of the Asian Games Council of Indonesia (DAGI) led by Minister of Sports Maladi. Sukarno, as an architect and civil engineering graduate, proposed a location near M. H. Thamrin Boulevard and Menteng, namely the area of Karet, Pejompongan, or Dukuh Atas. Friedrich Silaban, a renowned architect who accompanied Sukarno to review the location by helicopter, disagreed with the selection of Dukuh Atas because he argued the construction of a sports complex in the center the future downtown area will potentially create a massive traffic congestion. Sukarno agreed and instead assigned the Senayan area with an area of approximately 300 hectares.[4]

The first pole erection was done symbolically by Sukarno on 8 February 1960. Construction of Istora was completed in May 1961. The secondary stadium, Swimming Stadium and Tennis Stadium followed in December 1961. The main stadium was completed on 21 July 1962, a month before the games.[5]

Facilities
Exterior of Istora during the 2018 Asian Games
Gelora Bung Karno Aquatic Stadium. The 2016–17 renovation introduced a new, wave-shaped roof above the arena which originally only had roofs at the tribune.
Photo of the Gelora Bung Karno Softball Field taken from the nearby shopping mall fX Sudirman
Madya, Tennis Indoor, and Tennis Outdoor arenas
The 2018 Asian Games cauldron lit located southeast of the complex

Sports venues
Venue Purpose Capacity Built Notes
Gelora Bung Karno Main Stadium Multi-use, mostly football 77,193[1] 1960 Largest stadium in Indonesia.
Istora Gelora Bung Karno Multi-use, mostly badminton 7,166[6] 1960
Gelora Bung Karno Aquatic Stadium Aquatic sports 7,800[7] 1960 Formerly named "Swimming Stadium"
Gelora Bung Karno Tennis Indoor Stadium Multi-use, mostly volleyball and concerts 3,750[8] 1993 First sports arena in Southeast Asia to use retractable roof, it is no longer operable.
Gelora Bung Karno Tennis Outdoor Stadium (Center Court) Tennis 3,800[9] 1960
Gelora Bung Karno Madya Stadium Athletics and football 9,170[10] 1960
Gelora Bung Karno Basketball Hall Basketball 2,400[11] 1960
Gelora Bung Karno Baseball Field Baseball 1,320[12] 2016 Built on site of 12 tennis clay courts and 6 tennis hard courts
Gelora Bung Karno Hockey Field Field Hockey 818[13] 1973
Gelora Bung Karno Softball Field Softball ≈500[14] 1996 Also called Lapangan Softball Pintu Satu (Gate One Softball Field) to distinguish it with the nearby, now-demolished Cemaratiga Softball Field.
Can be upgraded with temporary seats to 2,000 capacity.
Gelora Bung Karno Archery Field Archery 97[15] 1973
Gelora Bung Karno Rugby Field Rugby N/A 2017 Built on the site of Lapangan D (D Football Field)
Shooting range Shooting N/A 1992 New location. Mulia Hotel now stands in the original site.
GBK Arena Multi-sports training halls N/A 2016 Located outside the main complex on the west, built on the site of Asia Afrika Sports Hall, a badminton training hall (originally completed in 1986)
Volleyball Training Hall Volleyball training N/A 1988
A, B, and C Football Field Football training N/A 1970
Gateball Court Gateball N/A 2017
Beach Volleyball Court Beach volleyball N/A 1996
Gelora Bung Karno Squash Stadium Squash 560[16] 1996 Also called D Hall (Indonesian: Hall D)
Gelora Bung Karno Tennis Court Tennis N/A 1993 Two hard courts
Indonesia Arena Multi-use 16,500 2023

Other buildings inside the complex
  • Jakarta Convention Center (completed 1974)
  • Al Bina mosque (completed 2001)
  • Jakarta Sultan Hotel (formerly Hilton Hotel Jakarta, completed 1971)
  • Mulia Hotel (completed 1994)
  • Krida Loka Park (completed 1987)
  • City Forest (completed 2018, stands on what was the Senayan Golf Course & Driving Range)

Initially the sports complex covers much larger area than it is today. During the 1980s to 1990s, several land plots were developed into non-sport facilities. Northern area were developed into government offices while the southern area were developed into hotels and shopping malls. The complex also had radio-controlled car circuit northwest of the main stadium, which was scrapped during the 2017 renovation.

Northern area
  • DPR/MPR Building (completed 1968)
  • TVRI Headquarters (completed 1962)
  • Ministry of Youth and Sports office (completed 1983)
  • National Forestry Museum (Manggala Wanabakti, formerly Ministry of Forestry office, completed 1983)

Southern area

The southern area was originally an athlete village for the 1962 Asian Games. The village was demolished in the 1970s. Several buildings now stood in their location.

Demolished buildings or facilities
  • Remote controlled-car racing circuit
  • Asia Afrika Sports Hall
  • Volleyball Arena that was used during the 1962 Asian Games
  • 18 tennis courts located southern of the tennis stadiums.
  • Roller sports court
  • Gymnastics Building
  • Cemaratiga Softball Field
  • Senayan Golf Range
  • Street Dirt Senayan

Sporting events
The map of the GBK during the 2018 Asian Games

For the first time, the sports complex was host fourth Asian Games in 1962. The main stadium hosted the 2007 AFC Asian Cup. Other competitions held there were several AFF Championship finals and domestic cup finals. The Istora hosted numbers of BWF World Championships, Sudirman Cup, Thomas Cup and Uber Cup badminton competitions. The tennis stadium hosted most of Indonesia's home matches at the Davis Cup and Fed Cup.

The sports complex hosted multi-event sport such as Pekan Olahraga Nasional (PON, National Sports Week) and Southeast Asian Games (SEA Games). The complex hosted the PON seven times between 1973 and 1996. The complex hosted the SEA Games in 1979, 1987, 1997 and 2011; the latter was co-hosted with Jakabaring Sport City complex in Palembang. It also hosted 2018 Asian Games along with Palembang's complex and some other venues across Palembang, Banten, Greater Jakarta and West Java, while it served only with other venues across Greater Jakarta and West Java during the subsequent Para Games.

The 2023 FIBA Basketball World Cup was held at a new 17,150 seater arena within the sports complex known as Indonesia Arena; Indonesia was the co-host along with Japan and the Philippines.

Notes
  1. Until 24 September 1962, Gelanggang Olahraga Senayan (1969 – 17 January 2001)
  2. Via Ministry of State Secretariat (Indonesia)

References
  1. "E-Booking Stadion Utama Gelora Bung Karno". gbk.id. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  2. Schwarzer gives kind assessment of Kawaguchi | The Japan Times Online
  3. "Overall Jakarta FIBA World Cup Attendance Reaches 111,000". Jakarta Globe. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
  4. "Sukarno dan GBK". historia.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 21 January 2018.
  5. Pour, Julius (2004). Dari Gelora Bung Karno ke Gelora Bung Karno. Grasindo.
  6. Ganesha, Amal (23 January 2018). "Jokowi Inaugurates Newly Renovated Istora Sports Hall". jakartaglobe.id. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  7. "E-Booking Stadion Aquatic". gbk.id. Gelora Bung Karno Complex Management Center. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
  8. "E-Booking Stadion Tenis Indoor". gbk.id. Gelora Bung Karno Complex Management Center. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
  9. "E-Booking Stadion Tenis Outdoor". gbk.id. Gelora Bung Karno Complex Management Center. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
  10. "E-Booking Stadion Madya GBK". gbk.id. Gelora Bung Karno Complex Management Center. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
  11. "E-Booking Gedung Basket". gbk.id. Gelora Bung Karno Complex Management Center. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
  12. "Lapangan Baseball". gbk.id. Gelora Bung Karno Complex Management Center. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
  13. "E-Booking Lapangan Hockey 1". gbk.id. Gelora Bung Karno Complex Management Center. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
  14. "Softball Sport Technical Handbook" (PDF). Indonesia Asian Games Organizing Committee. p. 23. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 July 2018. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
  15. "Lapangan Panahan". gbk.id. Gelora Bung Karno Complex Management Center. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
  16. "Squash Technical Handbook" (PDF). p. 22. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 August 2018. Retrieved 19 August 2018.
  17. "Gedung Serbaguna" (in Indonesian). PPKGBK. Retrieved 6 November 2018.

Bibliography
  • Pour, Julius (2004), Dari Gelora Bung Karno ke Gelora Bung Karno (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Grasindo, ISBN 978-979-732-444-5.

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