Seonbi

Since archery was a liberal arts subject for seonbis in the Joseon Dynasty, there were many scholars who learned archery. Therefore,a seonbi, that is, a scholar, is a person with a specialized education to become a bureaucrat. In addition, almost all of the numerous righteous armies that actually took place in Joseon were lee by seonbis. Even in ordinary villages, seonbis, who were closely associated with yangban, were in the same position as local leaders, therefore, seonbis were able to properly unite ordinary people. Which means most of senbis who were trained in combat and command. Representatively, there are seonbis such as Gwak Jae-u, Go Gyeong-myeong, and Jo Heon, who led righteous army in battlefields.[10][11]

Righteous army 의병 were mainley organized and led by seonbis. As a dictionary definition, righteous army refers to an army that arose for righteousness, but this can be defined differently depending on the times and peoples. meaning the army of justice. In other words, it was called righteousness to prohibit mobs and seek chaos.[12]

During the Joseon Dynasty, Sarim faction was a political faction in joseon dynasty that actively sought to realize the political ideology of Neo-Confucianism. Sarim was the ruling class in charge of political and social functions in close contact with the king's sovereignty. They were responsible for the political ideas of Neo-Confucianism not only at the ideological level but also at the practical level in the political system of the Joseon Dynasty.

Sarim's political ideology was found in emphasizing royal politics based on Neo-Confucian Deokhwa-gyo-min 덕화교민(to enlighten the people) and realistically implementing it, while removing and eradicating the principle of wisdom and prestige at the ethical level.

Sarim's political ideology was practicality that it was courageous to seek justice and not to do it. Sarim's political ideology was expressed as a spirit of resistance to the challenges of death, consolation, injustice, and injustice from home and abroad.

It appeared as a spirit of purity to reveal the degree of dispute over internal political contradictions and to defend the national pride and security against external challenges. The fact that the Joseon Dynasty, which adopted Neo-Confucianism as a political ideology, responded to the national crisis in the face of the invasion of the immigrants and showed an active resistance attitude was connected to this ideological foundation.

In the 16th century, the Sarim faction participated in politics, emphasizing Taoism, a practical study of Neo-Confucianism. From the perspective of Sarim, the practice of righteousness was identified as the practice of righteousness.

Through the temporary decline of the Sarim faction, Neo-Confucianism was systematized, and as academic diversity emerged, practical academic style was emphasized. The representative figure was Jo Sik. He emphasized practicality in Neo-Confucianism, and his practice was expressed as loyalty. For him, righteousness appeared as an emphasis on extroverted practice. As for the cry, he insisted on active subjugation from the perspective of the theory of painting, and emphasized the guideline of loyalty, "Chunchu."[13]