Kaldenkirchen Sequoia Farm

The Kaldenkirchen Sequoia Farm (German: Sequoiafarm Kaldenkirchen) is a German arboretum that has been used as a biological institute for many years. Part of the protected area in the city of Nettetal, it is situated in the "Kaldenkirchen Grenzwald" (forest bordering Germany and the Netherlands). Nettetal lies in the Lower Rhine region of Germany.

Kaldenkirchen Sequoia Farm
(Sequoiafarm Kaldenkirchen)
Entrance to the Sequoia Farm
TypeArboretum
LocationNettetal, Germany
Area3.5 hectares
Created1950 (1950)
Operated bySociety Sequoiafarm e.V.
OpenApril to October on Sundays and holidays
WebsiteSequoiafarm
60-year-old stock of Sequoiadendron giganteum in a test site (2010)
58-year-old group of Sequoia sempervirens within the Sequoiafarm (2010)
Sequoiadendron giganteum in the Sequoiafarm
Visiting the dawn redwoods

History and use

In 1946, Illa Martin and Ernst J. Martin, both dentists and dendrologists in Kaldenkirchen, founded an arboretum close to the Dutch border. There, and in a nearby laboratory-plantation several acres wide from 1952 on, they cultivated 1,500 giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) seedlings from seeds of US origin from Martin's nephew Albert A. Martin of Santa Barbara, CA.[1] The seeds were collected in Sequoia National Forest at different elevations, wrapped in burlap to preserve them and sent to Germany. They wanted to find out if the giant sequoia, which had existed in Germany before the ice age, could be introduced to German forestry.[2][3] There was on the one hand an area of purely giant sequoia, on the other an experimental arboretum with trees such as Abies grandis, Abies concolor var. lowiana and Coast Douglas-firs. The project was financially supported by the German Research Foundation and met with great interest from dendrological circles, particularly in Great Britain and in the USA.[4] Part of the field exclusively planted with giant sequoia was reserved for obtaining results of productivity by the "Ecology and Forestry Department" of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW).[5]

The two dendrologists made further experiments growing seedlings of coast redwood,[6] dawn redwood and numerous kinds of southern beeches[7] and pine trees. More than 13,000 were handed over to forestry officers, to scientists and to plant nurseries. As time went by, the park known as the "Sequoia Farm" became bigger and bigger, developing into a highly respected arboretum. It has more than 400 varieties of trees and interesting ground flora and is part of the "Protected area of Maas-Schwalm-Nette", so-called after the three rivers that run through the area.[8]

After the death of Ernst J. Martin in 1967, North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) took over the farm. At first, the teacher-training institute of NRW, later on the University of Cologne, and, between 1987 and 2007, the University of Duisburg-Essen made it a centre of dendrological studies.[9] Since 2013 the arboretum has been in possession of the registered society "Sequoiafarm e.V.".[10] From April to October it is open to the public on Sundays and holidays.

Notable trees (selection)
Binomial nomenclatureEnglish nameCountry of Origin
Acer runifereRedvein Maple, Honshū MapleJapan
Abies concolorSierra Nevada White FirWestern North America
Abies grandisGrand Fir, Giant FirWestern North America
Ailanthus altissimaTree of heavenChina, Taiwan
Calocedrus decurrensCalifornia incense cedarWestern North America
Cercidiphyllum japonicumKatsuraChina, Japan
Gunnera manicataGunnera manicataSouth Brasilia
Magnolia kobusKobushi MagnoliaJapan
Nothofagus obliqua (the largest specimen in Germany)[11]Roble beechChile, Argentina
Parrotia persicaPersian ironwoodNorthern Iran
Pinus ayacahuite (the largest specimen in Germany)[12]Mexican White PineMexico, Central America
Sequoia sempervirensCoast redwoodWestern North America
Sequoiadendron giganteumGiant sequoiaCalifornia
Thuja plicataWestern redcedarBritish Columbia
Tsuga sieboldiiSouthern Japanese HemlockJapan
Wollemia nobilisWollemiaAustralia
Zanthoxylum simulansJapanese pepperJapan
Ernst J. Martin (1900–1967), founder of the farm
Illa Martin (1900–1988), co-founder of the farm

References
  • Ernst J. Martin: Mammutbäume in der deutschen Forstwirtschaft? In: Die Umschau in Wissenschaft und Technik. Frankfurt 1954, ISSN 0041-6347
  • Ernst J. Martin: Sequoia – eine gehölzkundliche Betrachtung. In: Holz-Zentralblatt No. 83. Stuttgart 1955, ISSN 0018-3792
  • Ernst J. Martin: Die Sequoien und ihre Anzucht. In: Jahrbuch der Deutschen Dendrologischen Gesellschaft. No. 60. 1957/1958
  • Herbert Hubatsch: Von der Sequoiafarm zur Biologischen Station. In: Heimatbuch des Kreises Kempen-Krefeld, Kempen 1973
  • Helge Breloer: Zur Erinnerung an die Sequoia-Farm in Kaldenkirchen. In: Baum-Zeitung. No. 1/1998, ISSN 0341-3624
  • Ado Lappen: Die Sequoiafarm in Nettetal-Kaldenkirchen. In: Beiträge zur Gehölzkunde 2011. Hemmingen 2011, ISBN 978-3-9804283-4-7

Notes
  1. Herbert Hubatsch: Ernst Martin. In: Der Niederrhein. Krefeld. No. 3, 1967
  2. Arthur Lange: Wissenschaft als Steckenpferd. Laienforscher – ihre Leistungen und ihre Wissenschaft. Holsten. Hamburg 1967
  3. Ernst J. Martin: Mammutbäume in der deutschen Forstwirtschaft? In: „Die Umschau in Wissenschaft und Technik“. Frankfurt 1954. ISSN 0041-6347
  4. Hans Huth: Sequoias in Germany. In: Journal of Forest History, Vol. 3, July 1976. Durham (USA), ISSN 0094-5080
  5. Illa Martin: Die Wiedereinführung des Mammutbaumes (Sequoiadendron giganteum) in die deutsche Forstwirtschaft. In: Mitteilungen der Deutschen Dendrologischen Gesellschaft. Vol. 75, pp. 57–75. Ulmer. Stuttgart 1984. ISBN 3-8001-8308-0
  6. Illa Martin: Der Küstenmammutbaum (Sequoia sempervirens) und seine Anzucht in Deutschland. In: Mitteilungen der Deutschen Dendrologischen Gesellschaft. Vol. 77, pp. 57–104. Ulmer. Stuttgart 1987. ISBN 3-8001-8310-2
  7. Illa Martin: Anzucht und Anbau von Nothofagus in Deutschland. In: Mitteilungen der Deutschen Dendrologischen Gesellschaft. Vol. 70, pp. 147–166. Ulmer. Stuttgart 1978. ISBN 3-8001-8302-1
  8. Herbert Hubatsch: Von der Sequoiafarm zur Biologischen Station. In: Heimatbuch des Kreises Kempen-Krefeld, Kempen 1973
  9. Manfred Krause: Mammutbaumfarm am Niederrhein wird zum Eldorado für Wissenschaftler der Essener Uni. In: WAZ vom 30. Juli 1988
  10. "Ein einzigartiges Arboretum am Niederrhein. - Sequoiafarm Kaldenkirchen".
  11. Schirnig, Dr. Heinz. "Deutschland L-Q".
  12. Schirnig, Dr. Heinz. "Deutschland L-Q".
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