Serapion of Thmuis

Serapion of Nitria, (Greek: Σεραπίων, romanized: Serapíon; Russian: Серапион) Serapion of Thmuis, also spelled Sarapion, or Serapion the Scholastic was an early Christian monk and bishop of Thmuis in Lower Egypt (modern-day Tell el-Timai), born in the 4th century.[2] He is notable for fighting alongside Athanasius of Alexandria against Arianism.[3]

Not to be confused with Serapion the Sindonite or Serapion of Alexandria.
See also: Sacramentary of Serapion of Thmuis
Serapion of Thmuis
Bornc. 4th century
Egypt (region)
HometownThmuis, modern day Tell el-Timai
ResidenceNitria
Diedc. 360
Nitria, Egypt
Honored inEastern Orthodox Church
Coptic Church
FeastMarch 7 (Coptic)
March 21 (Eastern)[1]
AttributesBishop of Thmuis, quoted in the Sayings of the Desert Fathers
InfluencesAnthony the Great
Major worksSacramentary of Serapion of Thmuis

Life

Serapion is quoted in four sections of the Sayings of the Desert Fathers, where he is called Abba Serapion.[4] He was given the title "The Angel of the Church of Thmuis" by Evagrius Ponticus in Gnostikos.

Monasticism

Before becoming a monk, Serapion was educated in Alexandria.[5] He then became the abbot of the Monastery of Arsina (Latin: Arseonita), which at one point held as many as eleven-thousand monks.[3] He was given the title "the Great" by the early Christian historians Sozomen and Palladius.

As a monk, Serapion resided in Nitria (monastic site), Lower Egypt.

As a monk, he was a companion and disciple of Anthony the Great, who at his deathbed bequeathed to him one of his two sheepskin cloaks (the other went to Athanasius).[6]

Episcopate

In his later life c. 339, he was made the bishop of Thmuis (near Diospolis) where he served until his death c. 358.[7] Jerome in his work On Illustrous Men noted that Serapion was given the apellation "Scholasticus" (the Scholastic) because of his meticulous scholarship. During his episcopate, he helped Athanasius fight against Arianism in Alexandria, and at his request, Athanasius wrote to him a series of three dogmatic letters on the theology of the Holy Spirit.[6] These letters, which were written c. 339–359, are considered to be among the earliest Christian texts dedicated exclusively to the Holy Spirit.[8][9] Serapion was one of the most trusted companions of Athanasius and even took care of his episcopal see during one of his exiles.[10] In AD 353, Athanasius placed Serapion at the head of a delegation to Emperor Constantius II to plead guilty against the charges of the Arians.[11] In 343, Serapion attended the Council of Serdica.[5] Serapion was exiled by the Arians in AD 350, and died c. 360.[12]

Story from the Sayings of the Desert Fathers

Serapion is said of have paid a prostitute, but instead of engaging in relations with her, prayed all night in front of her and eventually converted her to Christianity. She later became a nun at a monastery, practicing extreme ascetic labors.[4] The same story also exists in a poetic Hymn of Praise in The Prologue of Ohrid.[3]

List of works
  • The Life of Anthony (not to be confused with the Life of Anthony by Athanasius).[13]
  • Sacramentary of Serapion of Thmuis (a prayer book which includes the earliest written Sanctus).[7][14][5]
  • Treatise against the Manichees.[15]
  • Treatises on the Titles of the Psalms (quoted by Jerome, but which are now lost).[5]
  • A Letter to the Disciples of Anthony (written after Anthony's death in 356. First published in the 1950s, exists only in Syriac and Armenian).[16]
  • A Letter of Consolation to a Bishop (written to a certain Bishop Eudoxius).[5]
  • A Letter to the Solitaries of Alexandria on the dignity of the religious life.[5]
  • A Letter on the Father and the Son.[5]

Selected quotes
  • "Do not think that sickness is difficult; only sin is difficult. Sickness follows the sinners only in life, but sin follows the sinner into the grave." (Sayings of the Desert Fathers).
  • "When the soldiers of the emperor are standing at attention, they cannot look to the right or left; it is the same for the man who stands before God and looks towards Him in fear at all time; he cannot then fear anything from the enemy." (Sayings of the Desert Fathers).
  • "As soon as this earth's great elder, the blessed Antony, who prayed for the whole world, departed, everything has been torn apart and is in anguish, and the wrath devastates Egypt. While he was truly on earth, he extended his hands and prayed and spoke with God all day long. He did not let the wrath descend on us. Lifting up his thoughts, he kept it from coming down. But now that those hands are closed, no one else can be found who might halt the violence." (A Letter to the Disciples of Anthony).

Further reading
  • Agaiby, Elizabeth (2018). Arabic Life Of Antony Attributed To Serapion Of Thmuis. Brill. ISBN 9004383271.
  • Athanasius' letters to Serapion on the Holy Spirit.
  • Casey, R. P (1931). Serapion of Thmuis against the Manichees. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. doi:10.1017/S0009840X00060327.
  • DelCogliano, Mark; Radde-Gallwitz, Andrew; Ayres, Lewis (2011). Works on the Spirit: Athanasius's letters to Serapion on the Holy Spirit, and, Didymus's On the Holy Spirit. Yonkers, NY: St Vladimir's Seminary Press. Popular Patristics series. ISBN 0881413798.
  • Dragüet, René (1951). Une lettre de Sérapion de Thmuis aux disciples d’Antoine (A.D. 356) en version syriaque et arménienne. Le Muséon. There is an English translation by Rowan A. Greer in Tim Vivian and Apostolos N. Athnassalis, Athanasius of Alexandria: The Life of Antony (Kalamazoo: Cistercian Publications, 2003), pp. 39–47. ISBN 9780879079024, 0879079029.
  • Fitschen, Klaus (1992). Serapion Von Thmuis: Echte Und Unechte Schriften Sowie Die Zeugnisse Des Athanasius Und Anderer. Walter De Gruyter Inc. ISBN 3110128861.
  • Herbel, Dellas Oliver (2011). "A 'Doctrine of Scripture' frome the Eastern Orthodox Tradition: A Reflection on the Desert Father St. Sarapion of Thmuis." In What is the Bible? The Patristic Doctrine of Scripture. Baker Academic.
  • Herbel, Dellas Oliver (2011). Sarapion of Thmuis: Against the Manichaeans and Pastoral Letters. St. Paul's Press, Australian Catholic University.
  • Troiano, Marina Silvia (2001). Il Contra Eunomium III di Basilio di Cesarea e le Epistolae ad Serapionem I-IV di Atanasio di Alessandria: nota comparativa. Augustinianum. doi:10.5840/agstm20014113.

See also

References
  1. "Saint Sarapion". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
  2. Butler, Alban (1866). The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints. Compiled from Original Monuments and Authentic Records by the Rev. Alban Butler, in Twelve Volumes. Vol. III–March. Dublin: James Duffy. Retrieved March 29, 2013.
  3. Velimirović, Nikolaj. The Prologue of Ohrid: Lives of Saints, Hymns, Reflections and Homilies for Every Day of the Year. OCLC 944525984.
  4. Ward, Benedicta (1980). The Desert Christian: Sayings of the Desert Fathers: the Alphabetical Collection. Macmillan. OCLC 1244597558.
  5. Fanning, W. (1908). The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  6. Cross, F. L., ed. (1957) The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. Oxford U. P., especially p. 1242.
  7. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Serapion". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 661–662.
  8. Haykin, Michael A. G (1994). The Spirit of God. Brill: Vigiliae Christianae Supplements Series, volume 27, pp. 59–60. ISBN 978-90-04-09947-0.
  9. DelCogliano, Mark; Radde-Gallwitz, Andrew; Ayres, Lewis (2011). Works on the Spirit: Athanasius's letters to Serapion on the Holy Spirit, and, Didymus's On the Holy Spirit. Yonkers, NY: St Vladimir's Seminary Press. Popular Patristics series.
  10. Barnes, Timothy D (2001). Athanasius and Constantius: Theology and Politics in the Constantinian Empire. Harvard University Press. ISBN 067400549X.
  11. Walford, Edward (2018). The Ecclesiastical History of Sozomen: From AD 324 to AD 425. Evolution Pub & Manufacturing: Christian Roman Empire series, Vol 12. ISBN 1935228153.
  12. Butler, Alban (1866). "Saint Serapion, Bishop of Thmuis, in Egypt, Confessor". www.bartleby.com. Retrieved 2023-02-20.
  13. Agailby, Elizabeth (2018). The Arabic Life of Antony Attributed to Serapion of Thmuis: Cultural Memory Reinterpreted. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-38327-2.
  14. Perspectives on Christian Worship by J. Matthew Pinson, Timothy Quill, Ligon Duncan and Dan Wilt (Mar 1, 2009) ISBN 0805440992. Pages 64-65.
  15. Casey, R. P (1931). Serapion of Thmuis against the Manichees. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. doi:10.1017/S0009840X00060327. English translation available in Herbel, Sarapion of Thmuis: Against the Manichaeans and Pastoral Letters.
  16. Dragüet, René (1951). Une lettre de Sérapion de Thmuis aux disciples d’Antoine (A.D. 356) en version syriaque et arménienne. Le Muséon. There is an English translation by Rowan A. Greer in Tim Vivian and Apostolos N. Athnassalis, Athanasius of Alexandria: The Life of Antony (Kalamazoo: Cistercian Publications, 2003), pp. 39–47. ISBN 9780879079024, 0879079029.
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