Detroit Diesel Series 149

The Detroit Diesel 149 is a series of two-stroke diesel engines manufactured by Detroit Diesel which were first announced in early 1966. After Detroit Diesel was spun off in 1988 and later acquired by MTU, production of Series 149 engines was discontinued around 2000.[9][10]

Series 149[1][2][3]
Overview
ManufacturerDetroit Diesel division of General Motors
Production1967–1999
Layout
ConfigurationV8, V12, V16, and V20,
Displacement12V: 1,792 cu in (29.4 L)[4]
16V: 2,389 cu in (39.1 L)[5]
149 cu in (2.4 L) (per cylinder)
Cylinder bore5.75 in (146 mm)
Piston stroke5.75 in (146 mm)
ValvetrainOverhead camshaft
Compression ratio17.0:1 (N/A & Turbo)[4][5]
16.0:1 (Intercooled)[6]
Combustion
SuperchargerRoots-type (some versions)
TurbochargerWith intercooler
Fuel typeDiesel
Cooling systemWater-cooled
Output
Power output600–2,936 hp (447–2,189 kW)
Torque output2,310–7,350 lb⋅ft (3,132–9,965 N⋅m)[7][8]
Dimensions
Length91–109 in (2,311.4–2,768.6 mm)
Width54–64 in (1,371.6–1,625.6 mm)
Height66–72 in (1,676.4–1,828.8 mm)
Dry weight8,600–10,860 lb (3,901–4,926 kg)

Development

The first configuration was announced at the 50th anniversary SAE Tractor meeting.[11] It was a naturally aspirated 12V149 rated at about 600 hp (447 kW) soon followed by a naturally aspirated 16V149 rated at about 1,000 hp (746 kW). As manufacturers in the marine, construction, mining, and many other industries required more power output, Detroit added turbocharging and intercooling to the engine.

As originally designed, the Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigates were equipped with 16V-149TI diesels for electrical generation, but these were replaced starting in 2000 after the Series 149 went out of production.[12] In 1992, Republic Locomotive announced a new line of locomotives powered by Series 149 engines intended for switching and commuter service.[13]

Over a period of time, Detroit Diesel continued to further evolve the design of the engine. They finally brought the engine up to 137.5 hp (102.5 kW) per cylinder and 406 lb⋅ft (550 N⋅m) torque per cylinder; needless to say, this is a considerable amount of power coming from 149 cu in (2.4 L) per cylinder. Much of this increase in power could be attributed to DDEC III (the third generation of Detroit Diesel Electronic Controls) electronics, thermal barrier (ceramic) coating of piston domes & fire deck, by-pass valve controlled blowers and Separate Circuit Charge Cooling (SCCC) system.

Design

One of the unique features of the 149 engine is its bore and stroke 5.75-by-5.75-inch (146 mm × 146 mm); hence, it is known as a square bore design. It has a relatively high power-to-weight ratio. The 20V149 TIB DDEC III SCCC in stand-by generator spec has an output of 2,936 hp (2,189 kW) from a capacity of 2,980 cu in (48.8 L).

All Series 149 engines have overhead camshafts and the cylinder heads fit into the engine block; this is referred to as the "pothead" design. The blowers are also recessed into the block; this section of the block is called the "airbox". Above the blower is a thick piece of steel that covers the blower and seals the top section of the air box. On a turbocharged engine an intercooler and sometimes a by-pass housing is present with the intercooler housing.

Nomenclature

The engine is available in V-8, V-12, V-16, and V-20 configurations; using the alphanumeric nomenclature utilized by Detroit Diesel, these engines were known as the 8V149, 12V149, 16V149, and 20V149, respectively. The first number indicates the number of cylinders per engine, the "V" indicates a V-type cylinder arrangement, and the last set of numbers indicates the series of the engine. Suffixes are commonplace with Detroit Diesel model designations: "T" means the engine is equipped with turbochargers, "I" for intercoolers, and "B" for by-pass Roots-type blowers. For example, the 20V149 TIB has 20 cylinders in a V-type configuration, is a Series 149 engine, and is turbocharged, intercooled, and has by-pass blowers.

Series 149 specifications for selected models
FamilyModelTorquePowerLength × Width × HeightWeight
12V-149 12V-149[4] 2,310 lb⋅ft (3,132 N⋅m)
@ 1500 rpm		 675 hp (503 kW)
@ 1800 rpm		 92 in × 57 in × 67 in
2,300 mm × 1,400 mm × 1,700 mm		 8,880 lb
4,030 kg
12V-149T[4] 2,915 lb⋅ft (3,952 N⋅m)
@ 1500 rpm		 1,000 hp (746 kW)
@ 1800 rpm		 91 in × 63 in × 69 in
2,300 mm × 1,600 mm × 1,800 mm		 9,095 lb
4,125 kg
12V-149TI[6] 3,445 lb⋅ft (4,671 N⋅m)
@ 1500 rpm		 1,200 hp (895 kW)
@ 1800 rpm		 91 in × 64 in × 69 in
2,300 mm × 1,600 mm × 1,800 mm		 8,600 lb
3,900 kg
16V-149 16V-149[5] 3,080 lb⋅ft (4,176 N⋅m)
@ 1500 rpm		 1,060 hp (790 kW)
@ 1800 rpm		 108 in × 54 in × 68 in
2,700 mm × 1,400 mm × 1,700 mm		 10,540 lb
4,780 kg
16V-149T[5] 3,880 lb⋅ft (5,261 N⋅m)
@ 1400 rpm		 1,325 hp (988 kW)
@ 1900 rpm		 109 in × 64 in × 72 in
2,800 mm × 1,600 mm × 1,800 mm		 10,840 lb
4,920 kg
16V-149TI[6] 4,595 lb⋅ft (6,230 N⋅m)
@ 1500 rpm		 1,600 hp (1,193 kW)
@ 1800 rpm		 104 in × 64 in × 66 in
2,600 mm × 1,600 mm × 1,700 mm		 10,860 lb
4,930 kg

Specific models

The 12V and 16V configurations have two blocks, two crankshafts bolted together, two blowers, and four turbos. The 16V149 has dual 10-inch (250 mm) exhaust outlets with eight bolt flanges.

The 20V configuration was mainly designed for haul trucks. Detroit could push the envelope of the 16V (in the marine version it could produce 2,400 hp (1,790 kW) @ 2100 RPM) but it would require special parts. They wanted 2,500 hp (1,864 kW) with standard production parts, so the 20V149 was born. It has 3 engine blocks, 3 crankshafts bolted together. The unique set up of the 20V has a 6V block on either end of a special 8V block with 6 turbos, 3 blowers and intercoolers.[14]

End of production

Production of Series 149 engines was phased out by mid-1999[15] and MTU Friedrichshafen's 4000 series of four-stroke diesel engines was proposed as helping to fill the void left by the cessation of the 149 Series production.[16] Detroit Diesel and MTU jointly developed the 2000 and 4000 series, with Detroit Diesel leading development of the 2000 and MTU leading the 4000, each of which are named for the per-cylinder displacement in cm3.[17] Like the Series 149, the 4000 comes in 8V-, 12V-, 16V-, and 20V- configurations. Remanufactured Series 149 long blocks are available for off-highway use.[18]

References
  1. https://www.powerlinecomponents.com/literature/detroit_diesel/brochures/16v149na-t_ind.pdf
  2. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-10-31. Retrieved 2021-10-31.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. https://www.powerlinecomponents.com/literature/detroit_diesel/brochures/12v149na-t_ind.pdf
  4. "fan-to-flywheel models: 12V-149 & 12V-149T" (PDF). Detroit Diesel Engines. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
  5. "fan-to-flywheel models: 16V-149 & 16V-149T" (PDF). Detroit Diesel Engines. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
  6. "fan-to-flywheel models: 12V-149TI & 16V-149TI" (PDF). Detroit Diesel Engines. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
  7. "Spicer Horsepower and Torque Calculator".
  8. "Detroit Diesel 149 engine specs, bolt torques and manuals".
  9. Reddy, V. C.; Ford, H. S.; Hoffman, C. S. (1966). "Detroit Diesel Series 149 Engines". SAE Technical Paper Series. Vol. 1. doi:10.4271/660604.
  10. "Detroit Diesel 16V-149T". 23 May 2015.
  11. Reddy, V.C.; Ford, H.S.; Hoffman, C.S. (1966). Detroit Diesel Series 149 Engines. 50th Anniversary SAE Tractor Meeting. SAE International. doi:10.4271/660604.
  12. "FFG-7 Oliver Hazard Perry-class Upgrades". GlobalSecurity. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
  13. Crisafulli, Patricia (14 April 1992). "Republic, Detroit Diesel plan a new line of locomotives". The Journal of Commerce. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
  14. McNeely, Mark (May 1996). "Largest Detroit Diesel engine in power generation service". Diesel Progress Engines & Drives. Vol. 62, no. 5. p. 24. ISSN 1040-8878. Archived from the original on 16 July 2018. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
  15. "Detroit Diesel to phase down two-stroke engines" (Press release). DieselNet. 22 July 1998. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
  16. Daly, Jim (November 1998). "Diesel Engines: New Diesels for '99". MotorBoating. pp. 24, 28. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
  17. Wilson, Rob (March 1999). ""Power Evolution": Detroit's weapon to recapture off-highway markets". Diesel Progress (North American Edition). Retrieved 16 July 2018.
  18. Schrader, Jason (28 November 2014). "Keeping a good thing going" (Press release). MTU. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
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