Citrus macroptera

Citrus macroptera, also known as shatkora or hatkhora (Sylheti: ꠢꠣꠔꠈꠞꠣ; Bengali: সাতকরা, [ɦat̪xɔɾa]) cabuyao,[2] Melanesian papeda,[1] or wild orange,[3] is a semi-wild species of citrus native to the Sylhet region (South Asia) of Bangladesh.

Citrus macroptera
Hatxora sellers in Sylhet, Bangladesh
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Rutaceae
Genus: Citrus
Species:
C. macroptera
Binomial name
Citrus macroptera
Synonyms[1]

Some authorities consider C. macroptera to be a taxonomic synonym of C. hystrix (kaffir lime),[4] while others consider C. macroptera var. annamensis to be a synonym of C. hystrix, but not C. macroptera var. macroptera.[5]

Description

Citrus macroptera is so-named because of the large "wings" (-ptera) on the petiole, which is as large as the blade of the leaf.[3] The tree, which has thorns, can reach 5 m (16 ft) in height. Its fruit is about 6–7 cm (2+1⁄2–3 in) in diameter, has a fairly smooth, moderately thick rind, and is yellow when ripe. The pulp of the fruit is greenish-yellow and dry (does not produce much juice). The juice is very bitter, and somewhat sour.[3]

Varieties

The species is sometimes divided into four varieties, or alternatively into three separate species, as follows:[5]

  • C. macroptera var. macroptera
  • C. macroptera var. annamensis Tanaka -> C. combara Raf.
  • C. macroptera var. combara (Raf.) Tanaka -> C. combara Raf.
  • C. macroptera var. kerrii Swingle -> C. kerrii (Swingle) Tanaka

Cultivation

Citrus macroptera is cultivated on a small scale in home gardens in the northeast Indian states of Mizoram, Tripura, and Meghalaya, where its fruit is used for various purposes.[6] A cultivar of C. macroptera var. annamensis is grown in the Sylhet Division of northeastern Bangladesh.[7]

Citrus macroptera is also commercially cultivated in South Africa, Spain, and Tonga. In Spain the plant serves as a rootstock for other Citrus species.[2]

Uses

Culinary uses

In Bangladesh, the thick fleshy rind of Citrus macroptera is eaten as a vegetable, while the pulp is usually discarded because of its bitter-sour taste. The thick rind is cut into small pieces and cooked (either green or ripe) in beef, mutton, and fish curries. The rind is often sun-dried for later cooking and consumption. The fruit is also pickled.

Perfumery

The oil of the annamensis cultivar is used in the perfume industry.[7]

See also

References
  1. "Citrus macroptera". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved December 15, 2017.
  2. Peter Hanelt (ed.) 2001 Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops (except ornamentals), first English edition. Springer. in Google Books
  3. Harley I. Manner, Richard S. Buker, Virginia Easton Smith, Deborah Ward, and Craig R. Elevitch 2006. Species profiles for Pacific Island agroforestry: Citrus (citrus) and Fortunella (kumquat), Rutaceae (Rue family). pdf
  4. "TPL, treatment of Citrus hystrix DC". The Plant List; Version 1. (published on the internet). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the Missouri Botanical Garden. 2010. Retrieved March 9, 2013.
  5. Porcher Michel H. et al. 1995–2020 (2007). Sorting Citrus Names: Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (M.M.P.N.D) - A Work in Progress. School of Agriculture and Food Systems. Faculty of Land & Food Resources. The University of Melbourne. Australia.
  6. S. K. Malik; Susheel Kumar; I. P. Singh; O. P. Dhariwal; Rekha Chaudhury (June 2013). "Socio-economic importance, domestication trends and in situ conservation of wild Citrus species of Northeast India". Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. 60 (5): 1660. doi:10.1007/s10722-012-9948-x.
  7. M. N. Miah; Sahina Islam; Syed Hadiuzzaman (2002). "Regeneration of Plantlets Through Somatic Embryogenesis from Nucellus Tissue of Citrus macroptera Mont. var. anammensis ('Sat Kara')" (PDF). Plant Tissue Culture. 12 (2): 167.
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